ricin-ipo是什么意思呢
1.在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的
宾语。
eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)
He asks him how long Mike has been down .
(动词宾语)
Miss Zhang is angry at what you
said. (介词宾语)
2. 宾语从句的引导词有三类:
(1) 以that
引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句, that可以省略。eg, The
radio
says (that) the clouds will lift later on.
She told me (that) she would like to go with us.
(2) 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what,
which和连接副词when, where, why,
how引导
的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。从句是陈述语序
eg, Could you tell me what's the matter with
u?
I want to know how soon it will begin.
(3) 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, If和whether在句中的意思是“
是否”,主要用
来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序
eg, I wonder if whether u have told the new to Li
Lei .
3.宾语从句的时态
(1)
当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时,从句可用所需要的任何时
态。
eg, I want to know what time he got up this
morning.
You are telling me that you won't
stop until tomorrow?
(2) 当主句为一般过去时态时,
从句要用于过去有关的时态。
eg,They asked what Jean was
doing now .
Linda said that the train had
left.
(3) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时。
eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than
sound.
Polly said no news is a good news
注意:一般情况下,whether 和if 可以互用, 但有些情况例外。
1.
当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if
eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the
pinic.
2. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时, 只用whether.
eg, Please let me know what to do next.
Could you tell me whether u go or not?
③在不定式前用whether。如:
He hasn't decided
whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
He
hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by
train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去
还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:
Whether this is
true or not,I can't say.这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如:
Whether she will
come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。
⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。如:
Please let me
know if you like the book.可理解为:
b.If you like
the book,please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我
3.
if当如果讲时, 引导的是条件状语从句, 这时不能用whether.
eg, You
can't work the plan out if you don't have the
meeting .
引导否定概念的宾语从句时,这时不能用whether.
He
asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
5.引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时,这时不能用whether.
He talks as if he has known all about it.
宾语从句的否定转移:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose,
expect 等词,
而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。I don’t
think it is right
for him to treat you like
that.
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,co
nsider,expect,fancy,guess
等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在
时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句
上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I
don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
I
expect our English teacher will be back this
weekend, won't shehe?
We suppose you have
finished the project, haven't you?
如果宾语从句中有某个含
有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的
词,如:unhappy,unfair,disl
ike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never
listens to the teacher carefully, does he?
我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
当主句的主语是第二、三人称时,其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。
Your
sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?
You thought they could have completed the
project, didn't you?
They don't believe
she's an engineer, do they?
She doesn't
expect that we are coming so soon, does she?
练习题
(1).I don’t think he is
right,_________?
A.isn’t he B.is he C.do I
D.don’t I
(2). He believes she is right,
__________?
A.doesn’t he B.does he C.is she
D.isn’t she
(3).I thought that he disliked
playing football,__________?
A.didn’t he B.did
he C.did I D.didn’t I
(4). I find _____
important that we practice English every day.
A. it B. this C. that D. what
(5). You
can’t imagine ____when they received the nice
gift.
A. how they were excited B. how excited
they were
C. how excited were they D. they
were how excited
在以下情况中that不能省略
1、当句中的动词后接
多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that
不可省。
I
believe(that)you have done your best and that
things will get better.
2、
当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
Just then
I noticed, for the first time, that our master was
wearing his fine
green coat and his black silk
cap.
3、 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。
I
can’t tell him that his mother died.
4、当it作形式宾语时
例句:She made it clear that she
had nothing to do with him.
许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win,I believe. <
br>6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prov
e,mean,state,feel,hold
等动词的宾语时;
例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!
1. The
teacher asked the students ________.
A. if
they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was
Albert Einstein born
C. what they will do
with the computers D. how many trees they have
planted
解析:宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序,答案B首先删去,主句一般过去式,从句要用
于过
去有关的时态,删去答案C和D,答案A中的if 意为如果.应选A
2.
Could you tell me _______ ?
A. what the
matter is with you B. what was the matter with
you
C. hat's the matter with you D.
what's the wrong with you .
解析:what
就是从句的主语,what's the matter with you
本身就是陈述语序,
因此删掉A; 主句可看作是委婉的请求,并是一般过去式,可删去答案B;
wrong 前不用加
the, 因此此题选 C.
asked me
_______ I could sing the song
A. if B.
weather D. that
解析:此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词,故删去D;weather 意为天气,根据句意应选A.
teacher told us that the moon _________
round the earth.
A. went B. turned
D. turns
解析:从句是一个客观真理,因此从句的时态不受主句影响。 应选 D
5. It makes no difference __________.
A.
whether will you come tomorrow. B. Whether or not
will be pass the exam
C. If he will come to
the meeting or not
D. Whether he will come to
the meeting or not
解析:答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if 不能与
not 连用。因此此题选D
6. They don't know _______
their parents are.
B. what C. why
D. which
解析:what 表示职业, 因此选B.
7. I am
sure _______ you said is true.
A. what
B. that C. which D. who
解析:根据句意应用what , 做said 的内容, 你所说的话。应选A.
8. The old man told us _______ and ________.
A. to do what , to do how B. what to do it,
how to do it
C. what to do, how to do it
D. what to do , how to do
解析: 疑问词what
即连接不定式,又做 do 的宾语; 而在how 引导的不定式短语中,
how 表示方式,
do 为及物动词, 因此需接宾语才正确 应选C
练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
1.---Do you know when the World Cup ________
next week?
--- Next Friday. When it
________, I will ring you.
A. begins, begins
B. begins, will begin C. will begin, will begin
D. will
begin, begins
2.--- Today or
tomorrow? --- What are you talking about?
---
We are talking about _______ to give a talk on
WTO.
A. how B. where C. when
D. what
3. I wonder _________.
A. where
does he live B. where he live C. he lives where
D. where he lives
4. --- Are you sure you
have to ? It's been very late.
--- I don't
know _____ I can do it if not now.
A.
where B. why C. when D.
how
5. ---Would you please tell me
_________?
--- In a small village near
Niingbo.
A. where was your mother born
B. where your mother was born
C. when was
your mother born D. when your mother
was born
6. The photograph will show you
________.
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does
our village look like D. how our village
looks like
7. --- Can you guess if they
_______ to play basketball with us?
--- I think they'll come if
they _________ free.
come, will be B.
will come, are C. come, are D. come, will
be
8. ---Where does he come from ? ---
Pardon?
--- I asked where_________.
A…. did he come from B. he came from
C. he comes from D. does he
come from
9. She wondered __________.
A. how much he cost the computer B.
how much he paid for the computer
C. how much
the computer will cost him D. how much did
he spend on the computer
10. ---Do you know
________?
--- I'm not sure. Maybe he is a
businessman.
A. who he is B. who is
he C. what he does D. what does he do
(二). 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如:
I
hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
Can you tell
me how I can get to zoo?
(四).直接引语与间接引语
引述
别人的原话叫直接引语,用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都
是宾语从句,但直接引语放
在引号内,不用连词连接;间接引语不用引号,通常用
连词与主句联接。
直接引语变间接引语:
1、变人称(动词的变化可根据实际情况,可用say, tell,
ask, beg等)
①如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句的人称
变化。
She said, “My brother wants to go shopping
with me.”
She said her brother wanted to go
shopping with her.
②如果从句中的主语或宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外
的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称。
He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?”
He asked to Kate how her sister was then.
He said, “You are too clever.”
He said to
me I was too clever.
He said he was too
clever.
He asked, “Is your
father older than your mother?” He asked me if my
father
is older than my mother.
③如果从句中的主语或宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要
变化。
Mr. Smith said, “Jack (he) is a good student.”
→Mr. Smith said Jack (he) was
a good boy.
2、变时态
主句时态为一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时态要做相应的变化:
一般现在时变为一般过去时, 现在进行时变为过去进行时, 一般将来时变为过去将来
时
现在完成时变为过去完成时, 一般过去时变为过去完成时, 过去完成时仍为过去完成
时
过去进行时仍为过去进行时
某些代词,限定词,表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下:
直接引语 间接引语
today
that day
now then, at that
moment
yesterday the day
before
the day before yesterday
two days before
tomorrow
the next day the following day
the day
after tomorrow two days after, in two
days
next week month etc the next
weekmonth etc
last week month etc
the week month etc. before
here
there
this that
these those
come
go
bring take
以下情况时态不变
主句时态为各种现在时或一般将来时
He says, “I cleaned the
room.” → He says he cleaned the room.
直接引语是客观真理
The teacher said, “The earth
moves around the sun.” → The teacher said the
earth moves around the sun.
直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式或已为过去式
The doctor said,
“You should stay in bed for 2 days.” →The doctor
said I should
better stay in bed for 2 days.
直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语
Jack said, “I was
born on April 21, 1980.” → Jack said he was born
on April
21, 1980.
⑤直接引语如果是一般现在时,表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变成间接引语时态
不变。
He said, “I get up at six every morning.” →
He said he gets up at six every
morning.
3、变状语
时间状语变化:now 变为then;yesterday变为the day
before; today 变为that day.
He said, “I want to
go swimming now.” →He said he wanted to go
swimming then.
地点状语变化(尤其表示方向性的):here 变为there
He said, “You should come here at 7:00.” →He
said I should go there at 7:00.
指示代词变化:this
变为that
He said, “This book is mine.” →He said
that book was his.
4、变句型
①陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。
He said, “I’m very
glad.” →He said that he was very glad.
一般疑问句变为以if(whether)引导的宾语从句。
He said, “Can
you come this afternoon, John?” →He asked if
(whether) John
could come that afternoon.
特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when等疑问句引导的宾语从句。
He
said, “Where is Mr. Wang?” → He said where Mr.
Wang was.
直接引语是祈使句变为tell(ask, order, beg等)sb.
(not) to do sth.句型
“Open the door, please,”
said she. (Mary said) →She asked him (me) to open
the door.
直接引语是let’s开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest +动名词或从句
He said, “Let’s go to see the movies.”
→He suggested going to see the movies.
→He
suggested that they should go to see the movies.
练习
一、单想选择
1. Do you know _______
during the coming summer holiday?
A. what
will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom
will do D. what
Tom did
2. I want to
know_________.
A. what is his name B.
what’s his name C. that his name is D.
what his name is
3. Do you know ________ I
could pass the exam?
A. that B. whether
C. what D. which
4. Jim doesn’t understand
____________.
A. which is the way to the
museum B. why his wife always goes shopping
C. what is the way to the
museum D. why does she always go shopping
5. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking
for?
A. that B. whose C. who D.
which
6. Mr. King didn’t know _______
yesterday evening.
A. when does his son come
home B. when his son comes home
C. when
did his son come home D. when his son came
home
7. Could you tell me _______ the bike
this morning?
A. how does he mend B.
how he mends C. how he mended D. how did
he mend
8. ---I’m waiting for the mail. Do
you know ________ it will arrive?
---Usually
it comes by 4: 00.
A. how B. where C.
when D. what
9. ---Excuse me, would you
please tell me ________?
---Certainly. Go
straight along here. It’s next to a hospital.
A. how we can get to the post office B. how can
we get to the post office
C. how get to the
post office D. how could we get to the
post office
10. ---Can I help you?
---Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you
tell me ______ take to get
there?
A.
how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how
long it will D.
how long will it
11.
He wanted to know ___________.
A. whether
he speaks at the meeting B. when the
meeting would start
C. what he’s going to
do at the meeting D. where would the meeting
be
held
12. ---Could you tell me
_________ the Bamboo Garden?
---The day
after tomorrow, I think.
A. when will you
visit B. when you will visit
C. when
would you visit D. when you would visit
13.
Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr Wang?
A. what should we do B. we should do
what
C. what we should do D. should we
do what
14. You can’t imagine _________ when
they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they
were
C. how excited were they D. they
were how excited
15. I want to know ________
you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.
A.
that B. when C. where D. whether
16.
---Could you tell me ____________?
---Sorry, I don’t know. I was
not at the meeting.
A. what does he say at
the meeting B. what did he say at the meeting
C. what he says at the meeting D. what he
said at the meeting
17. ---Could you tell me
_________ last night?
---Er, I was watching
Euro 2004 at home.
A. what you were doing
B. what were you doing
C. what you are
doing D. what are you doing
18. The
teacher asked the students __________.
A.
if they were interested in dinosaurs
B.
when was Albert Einstein born
C. what they
will do with the computers
D. how many
trees they have planted
19. Every morning the
patients are asked if ________ their temperature
taken.
A. they had had B. have they
had C. they have had D. had they had
20.
It’s up to you to decide _______ you’ll go there,
by air or by road.
A. how B. why C.
that D. when
二. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子
1.
李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。
Li Ming says __________
__________ interested in playing computer games.
2. 我认为玛丽不回来了。
I don’t think Mary
_________ _________.
3. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。
Sam
told me that he __________ __________ for
Shanghai.
4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗?
Could you
tell me __________ I can get to the Bell Tower?
6. 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。
I want to know
____________ there is a train to Beijing.
7.
你知道一个双人间多少钱吗?
Do you know _________
__________ a double room ?
8. 请你告诉我我们外出多长
时间好吗?
Could you tell me ______ ______ we’re
going to be away?
9. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。
Uncle
said that he _________ __________ a new novel.
10. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。
Jack said he __________
something important to do.
直接引语与间接引语练习
请将下面的直接引语变成间接引语:
1.“I never eat meat.” he
said.
He said that _________ never _________
meat.
2. “I have found my wallet.” he said to
me.
He _________ me that he _________
_________ _________ wallet.
削减-阴茎英语
双子叶植物纲-集结是什么意思
own的用法-力登
无足挂齿的近义词-噩怎么读
寸关尺-古早
席珍待聘-enabling
什么心什么欲-ducks
大方之家的意思-ox的复数形式是什么
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