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初中英语宾语从句讲解

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2020-10-21 22:54
tags:初中宾语从句讲解

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2020年10月21日发(作者:颜泽玉)



宾语从句
一、定义:
宾语从句是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。根据引导词的不同,宾语从句
又可分为:
以从属连词that引导的宾语从句、已从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从
句、以连接代词或 连接副词引导的宾语从句。
1、that引导的宾语从句
由that引导的宾语从句大多由 陈述句充当。从属连词that无实际意义,不
在从句中作任何成分,此时从句的成分齐全,句意明确, 在口语和非正式文体
中that可以省略。
I’m extremely sorry that I have lost your book.
Do you think (that) it will rain?
We know (that) we should study hard.
2、whether或if引导的宾语从句
Whetherif引 导的从句可视为直接引语为一般疑问句转变为间接引语而成,
其语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序,从 句前加上连词whether或if。
(1)可用whetherif的情况
通常whetherif引导动词后的宾语从句时可通用。
I don’t know whetherif he’ll arrive in time.
I am wondering whetherif they would believe in me.
I asked him whetherif he had finished all his homework.
(2)只能用whether,不能用if的情况
A、引导介词的宾语从句时
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I’m thinking of whether we should go shopping.
I’m not interested in whether she’ll be invited.
B、与or not直接连用时

I wonder whether or not we should make it clear that we’ve lost this game.
C、宾语从句提前时
Whether they will join in the Winter Camp I don’t care.
3、连接代词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句可由连接代词what,w ho,whom,whose,which等引导,它们在宾语
从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等, 因此不能省略。
Do you know who will teach us English term?(作主语)
Did you hear what she said?(作宾语)
I don’t know whose thefootball is.(作表语)
Could you tell me which book is better?(作定语)
4、连接副词引导的宾语从句
宾语从句可由连接副词when,where,how,why 及“how+形容词副词”短语等
引导,它们在宾语从句中作状语等,不可省略。
We didn’t know when you usually go to school.
I want to know where he bought this cup.
Can you tell me how I get to the bus station?
Please explain why you were late for class again.
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“How+形容词副词”短语主要有
howold, howmany,howmuch,howlong,howoften,how far,how soon等。
Do you know how old your father is this year?
二、重点考点
1、宾语从句的语序
无论宾语从句是从属连词还是连接 代词或连接副词引导,引导词总是位于
从句句首,从句用陈述语序。
I am wondering if you could help me.
He asked me when we should start out the next day.
Did you find out where she lost her car?
2、宾语从句的时态
宾语从句谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词的影响,因而在使用时要
注意主从句两部分的时态,一 般遵循以下原则:
(1)主句为现在时态或将来时态时
主句如果是现在时或将来时,从句可用任何所需要的时态,不受主句时态
的限制和影响。
I know you don’t know what i think at all.

(2)主句为过去时态时
主句如果是过去时态,从句一般要用与过去时态相关的时态。
Ionlyknewhewas studyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhichcount ry he
was in.
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He asked me if I was reading the novel The Old Man and the Sea when he
camein.
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. < br>Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessa rymeasurestoputdown the
to-do.
特别提示:
从句若表示客观事实或真理,谓语用一般现在时。
My mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
3、宾语从句的否定转移
主句谓语是表示“想,认为”等意义的动词,如
think ,believe,imagine,suppose,expect,guess等,从句的否定一般要转移到 主句
中。
其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致,且用肯定形式。
I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute.
I didn’t believe that was his fault,was it?
三、宾语从句的注意事项
不能省略that的情况
在that引导的宾语从句中,连词that只起引导作用,不在句中担当任何成
分。
因此在口语或非正式问题中常可省略,但在下列情况不能省略:
1、当that作learn ,suggest,explain,agree,prove,feel等动词的宾语时
I have learned that most of the students who are interested in Chinese take
interestin English.
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2、当宾语从句较长时
We all think that what the public is badly in need of is nothing but the
developmentof economy.
3、当主句的状语置于动词与宾语从句之间时
I realized at once that I had done it wrong when she told me all about this.
4、当宾语从句中的状语或状语从句置于该从句句首时。

5、当动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时

6、当动词带有多个并列宾语从句时,除第一个that外,其他不可省
Then the teacher began to talk to us about the French language,saying (that) it
wasthe most beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it among us and
neverforget it.
7、当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或被this,that修饰时
Some people think that this part of Scotland with its lakes and mountains is
morebeautiful than the West of England.
The teacher said that that word was wrong.
8、当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或从句时
However,many people simply couldn’t believe that what he had written was
true.
9、当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时
Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fall faster that
lightobjects.
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10、当宾语从句被形式宾语it代替时
W all consider it important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.
11、expect后接的宾语从句不能省去that
His article is very good expect that there are only a few unfit sentences.
12、在直接引语中,引述部分把主句与宾语从句分开时
“I’m extremely sorry to tellyou ,”the man said,”that youmissed the last train
onceagain.”
四、课堂小练
1、___what did he ask just now?
___He wondered ____.
they would meet at the school gate
would they start
they would take some food
they will get there
2、___I’d like toknow___.
___Maybe in the forest.
r we will go camping
we will go camping
r will we go camping
will we go camping
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