寒来暑往-英语时态表

宾语从句
一. 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或
形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1.
由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。例如:
He said (that) he wanted
to stay at home.
他说他想呆在家里。
She doesn’t
know (that) she is seriously ill.
她并不知道她病得很严重。
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
我很确定他会成功。
自创:我知道他正在工作:
2.
由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when,
where, why,
how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例
如:
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
你知道他们正在等谁吗?
He asked whose score was the
highest.
他问谁的分数是最高的。
Can you tell me where
the No.3 bus stop is?
你能告诉我,3路车站在哪吗?
I
don’t know why the train is late.
我不知道为什么火车迟到了。
自创:老师问谁的父母还没来学校?
3.
由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如:
I
want to know if (whether) he lives there.
我想知道他是否住在那里。
He asked me whether (if) I
could help him.
他问我,我是否给他给他提供帮助。
自创:他问我小李是否在家?
二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如:
I hear (that) physics
isn’t easy.
我听说物理不是那么简单。
I think (that)
you will like this school .
我认为你将会喜欢这个学校
Please tell me when
we’ll have the meeting.?
请告诉我我们什么时间开会?
三.
宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
如:
I don’t think (that) you are right.
我不认为你是正确的。
Please tell us where he is.
请告诉我们他在哪
Can you tell me how I can get to
the railway station?
你能告诉我怎样去火车站吗?
2.
如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态。例如:
He asked what
time it was.
他问我现在几点了。
He told me that he
was preparing for the sports meeting.
他告诉我他正在为运动会做准备。
He asked if you had
written to Peter.
他问你是否已经写信给彼得了。
3.
如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。例如:
Our teacher
said that January is the first month of the year.
我们老师说一月是每年的第一个月。
We all know that the
earth goes around the sun.
我们都知道,地球随着太阳转。
【中考范例】
1 Miss Green didn’t tell us
_______ in 2009.
A. where does she live
B. Where she lives
C. where did she live
D. where she lived
【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是宾语从句的
语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述
句的语序和时态,所以应选D。
2.I
don’t know when __________.
A. will the
train leave B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave D. the train leave
【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时
态上符合要求。
3.---We don’t know _____________.
---It is
said that he was born in Sweden(瑞典).
A. what he is B. if he lives here
C. where he comes from D. which
country is he from
【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句
的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知:
他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对,只有
C正确
O(∩_∩)O来练练吧
一、选择填空。
( )1. What
did Mike say? He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the next week B. what
colour was it
C. the weather is fine D.
summer comes after spring
( )2. Tom
asked my friend ________________.
A.
where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than
the moon
C. when did he come back D. not
to be so angry
( )3. Let me tell you
__________________.
A. how much is the
car B. how much does the car cost
C. how
much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on
the car
( )4. Peter knew
_______________.
A. whether he has
finished reading the book
B. why the boy
had so many questions
C. there were 12
months in a year
D. when they will leave
for Paris
( )6. She told me the sun
______ in the east(东方). rise(升起)
A. rise
B. rose C. rises D. had risen
定语从句
一、概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从
句。被修饰的名词或代
词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, whic
h,
who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when,
why等。关系代词
和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性
定语从句及非限制性定语从
句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,
非限制性定语
从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that
既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不
可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and
gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作
主语)
The coat
(that) I put on the desk is
blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色
的。(that作宾语)
用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The
building which stands near the train station is a
supermarket.位于
火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部
电影很好看。(作宾语)
, whom用于指人,who
用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用wh
o代替whom,也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my
English is from
England.经常在英语
方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that,
which可省
略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+whichwhom”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last
year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom
you borrowed the English
novel.请告诉我你从谁
那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This
is the person whom you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that
作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。
例如:
The
city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高
级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最
高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the
exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any,
much, many, everything, anything, non
e, the
one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there
anything that you want to buy in the
shop?你在商店里有什么东
西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only,
the very, the same, the last, little, few
等词
修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the
same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.
先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can
remember well the persons and some pictures that I
saw in the roo
m.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.主句是there be
结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a
book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is
the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came
back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he
arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is
place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why
指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the
reason why he is often late for school.
没人知道他为什
么上学总迟到。
单项填空。
1.
-Do you know the man ______is talking with your
father?
-Yes, he’s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is
this the river _____I can swim?
A. which
B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is
the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A.
where B. which C. that D. it
4. My watch
is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which
5. The man
______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whose C. that which.
6. The
girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my
sister.
A. which; is B. whom; was C. who;
is D. who; was