初中被动语态讲解

被动语态
一. 概念：
英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态
(The Active Voice)
与被动语态(
The Passive Voice)
。主动语态
表示主语是动作的执行者
;
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
例:
1. They make trains in Xi
'
n. >> Trains are made in Xi
'
n by them.
2. Xm beats Xx evey day. >> Xx is beaten by Xm every day.
二. 构成
be + done (p.p.--
及物动词的过去分词)
一般现在时 -----
am

is

are + v.p.p.
一般过去时 -----
was

were +v.p.p.
一般将来时 -----
will be

be going to be + v.p.p
.
过去将来时 -----
would bewas,were going to be + v.p.p
现在进行时 -----
amisare being + v.p.p.
过去进行时 -----
waswere being+v.p.p.
现在完成时 -----
havehas +bee n+ v.p.p
情态动词 -----
aux.v. (must

can

could

may
…)
+ be + v.p.p.
三. 被动语态的使用
1.
当我们不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时；
例:
1. His car was stole n last ni ght.
2. Basketball is p layed in most coun tries.
2.
动作的承受者是谈话的中心 (常由
by
引起)
例:
1. A lot of articles (that) we have lear ned were writte n by Lu Xun.
四.不用被动语态的情况
1.
某些及物动词
+ adv
表主动，特别是后加副词(如
well
,
easily
等)时。主动语态有被动含义, 这类动词常
见的有
sell
，
write
，
wear
,
wash
,
photograph, clean, cook, cut
例：
1. This book sells well.
2. Your pen writes really wellsmoothly.
3. This dress (that) my mom bought for me wears well
4. She does not photograph well.
5. The cheese doesrftcut easily. It 'stoo soft.
句子是主谓结构时，不用被动语态。常见的谓语动词有：
ha ppen, take place, (dis)a pp ear, rise,
break out, come about, come true, come out, run out, turn out
例:
1. A traffic accide nt happened just now.
2. Great cha nges are tak ing p lace in my hometow n.
3. He disa pp ears.
4. When a gay person comes out, they let people know that he is a gay.
3.
连系动词无被动： 感官系动词：
look
、
feel
、
sou nd
、
smell
、
taste
表变化的系动词” ：
become
、
grow
、
turn
、
fall
、
get
表保持的系动词” ：
keep, reamain, stay
④
prove +
形容词，名词或
不定式

五.注意
1.
使役动词
(make, have, let)
和感官动词
(see, watch, notice, hear, find)
后跟省略了
to
的动词不定式
，

但在被动语态中必须还原
to
。
例:
1. We no ticed a stra nger en ter the classroom. >> A stra nger was no ticed to en ter the
classroom.
2. We heared him sing that morning. >> He was heared to sing that morning.
3. They found him steal a necklace from a shop. >> He was found to steal a necklace from...
doing
的备选项，其意义为“
看到，听到，发现，注意
注意：这些感官动词在中考中会出现其后跟
到某人正在做某事
）
2.
含双宾语的被动语态：直接宾语（物）和间接宾语（人） 主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：
① 把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；
例:
1. He gave a book to me.
>>> I was give n a book by him.
2. He bought a gift for me.
>>> I was bought a gift by him.
to
或
for
。
② 把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词
例:
1. He gave a book to me.
>>> A book was give n to me by him
2. He bought a gift for me.
>>> A gift was bought for me by him.
3.
有些不及物动词加介词构成“及物动词短语” ，变成被
动语态时注意不能丢掉介词
例:
look after, look at, take care of, take a photo of
，
laugh at , be used for
1. He looks after his sister. >>> His sister is looked after by him.
2. We must take good care of our childre n. >>> Our childre n must be take n good care of.
3. I will take a p hoto of you. >>> You will be take n a p hoto of by me.
现在完成时被动语态
【学习目标】
1.
现在完成时被动语态的结构
时的被动语态需要注意的问题
【课前预习】现在完成时被动语态的结构就
主动：
He
has rep
aired the
machi ne
for two
hours.
（他修理这台机器已有两小时了）
The mach ine has bee n rep aired for two hours.
（这台机器已修了两小时
2.
现在完成时被动语态的主要用法
3
.使用现在完成
现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“
have +
been +
动词过去分词”。试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构：
了） （老师把那些书借走了） （那些书被老师借走了）
被动：
2.
主动句：
The teacher has borrowed the books.
被动句：
The books have bee n borrowed by the teacher.
【本课重点】

一、现在完成时被动语态的构成
1
.现在完成时被动语态的肯定式：由“
2.
3.
have

has
+
been
+及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：
Two windows have been broken
.两个窗子被打破了。
现在完成时被动语态的否定式：由“
have

has
+
not
+
been
+及
现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式：由“
Have

Has
+主语
物动词的过去分词”构成。 例如：
The car has n ot been rep aired.
这辆汽车还没有修好。
+
been
+及物动词的过去分词”构

成。例如：①一
Has her work been finished
?她的工作完成了吗？
—
Yes
,
it has
.是的，完成了。
②一
Have the cars bee n rep aired
?这些汽车修好了吗？ 一
No
,
they have n't
.不，还没有。
现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式：由“疑问词+
have

has
+主语+
bee n
+及物动词的过去分词”
构成。例如：
How long has her work been finished
？她的工作完成有多久了？
Who has been helped by the new comp uter
?谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？
How many new words have
been learned by the students
？这些学生已经学会了多少单词？
二、 现在完成时被动语态的主要用法
1.
表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过
，强调对现在造成的影响和结果。 例如：
The
去）
door has been locked
.门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）
2.
表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与 导的时间
for
或
since
引
状语连用，或用于
How long
...？句型中。
例如：
They have been told about it for many times
.有人告诉他们这事很多次了。
诉他们）
How long has the machi ne bee n used
?这机器使用有多久了？
三、 使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
1.
可能还会有人告
现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即
have

has
和
been
,两者缺一不可。
2.
注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某 个时候,其
结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说 明该动作或状态对现
在造成的影响和结果。
例如：
The house was built last year
.这房子是去年建造的。
The house has been built
.这房子已经建好了。
return
,
borrow
,
join
,
marry
,
open
等词构成的现在完成时
for four days
，
how long
等连用，而要改换动词或时态。

正：
How long ago was this book bought
？
具有延续性，因而可与
since
或
for
引导的时间段连
D. rebuilt
B. be C. has been been
A. has got; Have; been saved
3
．由
finish
，
buy
，
start
，
begin
，
post
， 的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如 例如：
译：这本书买了多久了？ 误：
How long has this book been bought
但这类动词的否定式可表示
动作的持续过程， 用。例如：
No books have been bought since last week
．自上周以来，没有
人来买过书。
4
．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在 被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语
动词中的介词或 副词。例如：
The orphan has been well looked after
．这位孤儿一直受到很好
的照顾。 【巩固练习】
1. No permission has for anybody to enter the building.
A. been given B. gave C. given D. be give
2. By 2003, 28 Chinese culture relics ___ on World Heritage List by UNESCO.
A. be placed B. placed C. have been placed D. have placed
3. A lot of money ____ to protect the old temple.
A. have been spent B. has spent C. have spent D. has been spent
4. The Summer Palace _____ by so many tourists that some of the relics are not well
protected.
A. has been visited B. is visited C. to be visited
D. visits
5. The Great Wall _____ many times in history.
A. is rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. been rebuilt
6. The Stonehenge ___ existed for more than 3,000 years. A. is 7.
－
How many times not to
play with fire?
－
I
'
m sorry. I
'
ll never do that again.
A. do you tell B. had you told C. are you told D. have you been told
8. The fire _____ to the fifth floor. __ all the people _____ ?
B. has been got; Have; saved

C. has got; Do; save
A. are carefully recreated
C. have be recreated
D. has got; Have; saved
B. have been carefully recreated
D. been carefully recreated
9. Old paintings _____ according to the descriptions.
10. The ancient king
'
s tomb ____ by thieves.
A. be stolen B. stole C. stolen D. has been stolen
11. More visitors ____ to Beijing since the repair project _ .
A. have brought; was completed B. have been brought; was completed
C. have been brought; completed D. have brought; completed
12. It is true that many of the world
'
s greatest cities on the banks of a river.
A. have been built
A. has caught

B. have built C. are being built D. were built
D. has been caught
13. Do you know the thief _____ by the police?
B. has been catching C. was caught
our town next year.
be
built

built
( )14.A big cinema in





build built
by a famous writer many years ago.
( ) book


A. writes B. is written

C. was writen D. was written
( ) China the money
to children for good luck by their
parents or other senior in Spring Festival



given given