英语口试常用话题50例-远涉重洋的意思
被动语态详解+例句
一、单项选择被动语态
1
.
Due to the country’s growing rate of
urbanization, China’s migrant population _______
to be
over 200 million by 2020.
A
.
predicts B
.
is predicted
C
.
will have been predicted
D
.
will be predicted
【答案】
B
【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意:由于中国城市化的速度不断提高,到
2020
年
,中国
的流动人口预计将超过
2
亿。结合句意可知,用一般现在时态的被动语态,句子
主语是
population
,单数第三人称形式,故答案为
B
。该题容易误
选
D
项,是现在预计,而不是将
来预计,故用现在时态。
2
.
The two nurses ________
100
,
000 yuan by the police but donated it
to victims of the
explosion.
A
.
rewarded
C
.
have been
rewarded
【答案】
D
【解析】
试题分析:句
意:这两位护士被警方奖赏
100
,
000
元,但是她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故
的受
害者。根据
“but donated it to victims of the e
xplosion.”
,可知
“
她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受
害者
”
已经是发生在过去的事情,而
“
两位护士被警方奖赏
100
,
000
元
”
是发生在过去的过
去,故用过去完成时,且
“
两位护士
”
和
“
奖赏
”
是被动关系,故用被动语态,选D
。
考点:考查时态和语态
B
.
would be rewarded
D
.
had been rewarded
3
.一
When shall we start the restoration
of the historic buildings?
一
Not until
our plan________ by the committee
.
A
.
will be approved
C
.
is to
approve
【答案】
D
【解析】
这题考查时态语态,
our plan
和
approve
是被动关系
,用被动,选择
A
或
D
。
A
项是一般将
来时,not until
引导的是时间状语从句,不能用将来时,可以用一般现在时或现在完成
时,选
D
。
B
.
approves
D
.
has been approved
4
.
—The manager has come back from his
business trip. He is asking you for the
report.
— Oh
,
my god ! I haven’t
finished it yet. But he ________ back at the
company tomorrow.
A
.
was expected
C
.
expected
【答案】
A
【解析】
B
.
will expect
D
.
will be expected
试题分析
:考查时态和语态。句意:
——
经理出差回来了。他正在问你要报告。
——
哦
,
天哪,我还没完成呢。但是本来预计他明天回公司。根据语境,是过去预料他明天会回
来,而
且经理是被预计,故用一般过去时的被动。故选
A
。
【名师点睛】时态的考
查要根据本句的句意,这句话一定要根据上下文判断动作发生的时
间,要细心体会语境。还要注意时态语
态。
考点:考查时态和语态
5
.
At
the awarding ceremony held in Tokyo, the
scientists were surprised by what ______ in
science and technology.
A
.
has
discovered B
.
has been discovered
C
.
had discovered D
.
had been
discovered
【答案】
D
【解析】句意:在东京举行的
颁奖仪式上,科学家们惊讶于科学技术的发现。科学家们感
到惊讶是过去式,故科学技术发现用过去完成
时,
what
于动词
discover
是被动关系,故选
D
。
6
.
Her own story ________
and this book is expected to come out next
week.
A
.
had been written
B
.
has been written
C
.
had
written D
.
has written
【答案】
B
【解析】
句意:她自己的故事已经被写出来
了,这部书有望下周出版。由句意可知,应该用现在完
成时的被动语态。故选B。
7
.
The new library ________; it
will be open next year.
A
.
had been
built B
.
was built
C
.
was
being built D
.
is being built
【答案】
D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:图书馆正在建设中;明年开放
。根据后面一句可推知,
图书馆是正在建设中,所以要用进行时,图书馆是被建的,要用被动。所以本句
要用现在
进行时的被动语态。故选
D
。
8
.
Later Mrs Smith decided to buy that
kind of cloth because she_________ that the cloth
_________very well.
A
.
has been
told; washes
C
.
was told; was washed
【答案】
B
【解析】
B
.
had
been told; washed
D
.
had been told;
was washed
考查时态与感官动词。主句时态为过去时,而从句时态
发生在主句之前,即过去的过去,
故用过去完成时。像
feel, smell, look,
wash
等表示感官的动词不用被动语态,直接用主动语
态,结合前面时态可知,应选
washed
。句意
:
随后史密斯夫人决定买那种布,因为有人告
诉她那种
布很好洗。故选
B
。
9
.
Now the
world’s attention ________ the stocking markets,
as they have great influence on
the world’s
economy.
A
.
is fixing on
B
.
is being fixed on
C
.
has
fixed on D
.
had been fixed on
【答案】
B
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:现在世界关注的焦点都在股票市
场上,因为它们对世界经
济已经产生了很大的影响。
attention
与
focus
之间为被动关系,
Now
提示用现在进行时。
10
.
If we had taken such effective
measures much earlier, the river so
seriously now.
A
.
is not polluted
C
.
had not been polluted
【答案】
B
【解析】
选
B
句意:如
果我们早采取有力措施,现在河水就不会污染这么严重。主句表示与现在
事实相反的虚拟语气,用
would
加动词原形。
B
.
would not be
polluted
D
.
would not have been
polluted
11
.
With more forests
being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth
________ each year.
A
.
is washing
away
C
.
are washing away
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
本题考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。解题步骤:
1.
确定谓语单复数:根据
quantity
的用法,
quantities
of
和
a quantity
of
后面都可加不可数名词与可数名词复数,但
它们作主语时,
quantities
of...
后面的谓语动词用复数,而
a quantity of...
的谓语动词
用单
数,故排除
A
、
D
项。
2.
确定第二空:随
着森林的被毁,土壤正在被冲走,故应该用现在
进行时的被动语态。句意:随着森林的被毁,大量的优质
土壤每年都被冲走。综上,故选
D
项。
【名师点拨】
quantities of
和
a quantity
of
后面加可数名词复数,做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式;
quantities
of
后面加不可数名词,做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式;
a quantity
of
后面
加不可数名词,做主语时后面的谓语动词用单数形式。
quantities of money have
been sent
there
大量的钱已经被送到那里;
A large quantity of money
has been wasted.
大量的
钱已经被浪费;
2.A large
quantity of books have been offered to
us.
大量的书已经提供给我
B
.
is being washed
away
D
.
are being washed away
们;
Quantities of nuts are on the
table.
大量的坚果在桌子上。
12
.
The
plan for Xiongan New Area ______ officially on
April 1, 2017.
A
.
announced
B
.
was announced C
.
announces
D
.
is announced
【答案】
B
【
解析】考查时态与被动语态。句意:设立雄安新区的计划在
2017
年
4
月<
br>1
日被官方宣
布。计划是被官方宣布,故用被动语态;动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时
的被动语态。
故选
B
。
13
.
105
.
The International
Olympic Committee announces here that an in crease
of 15 events
to the program of the
2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.
A
.
will
make B
.
will be made
C
.
has been made D
.
had
made
【答案】
B
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:国际
奥委会宣布在
2020
年东京奥运会上将增加
15
个比赛项目。从年份
2020
可以看出是将来的动作,项目和增加是被动关系,故要用将来时
的被动,故选
B
。
14
.
—Have you heard
about that school bus accident?
—Yes,
fortunately all on board including the driver
________.
A
.
were saved
C
.
have saved
【答案】
A
【解析】
考查动词时态和语态。句意为:
——
你有没有听说那起校
车事故?
——
嗯,幸运的是,车
上所有的人包括司机都获救了。由题干中的
H
ave you heard...
可知,事故发生在过去,且
all
为主语,和save
逻辑上构成被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,故答案
A
符合语境。
B
.
was saved
D
.
has
been saved
15
.
Various efforts
________ in the past decades to protect the
environment.
A
.
had made
B
.
have made
C
.
were made
D
.
have been made
【答案】
D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的几十年里,为保护环境做出了各种努力。根据
in
the past decades
可知句子用现在完成时态,
efforts
是句子
主语,复数形式,和谓语动词
make
之间是被动关系,所以此处用现在完成时态的被动语态,
故答案为
D
。
16
.
— Why do
you look very upset?
— The electricity was
cut off suddenly and my essay ________ unfinished
since.
A
.
was left B
.
has
left
C
.
had been left
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
D
.
has been left
考查时态语态。句意:
——
你为什么看起来很沮丧?
——
突然停电了,那时我的文章就没
写完。句中
leave
与主语
essay
构成动宾关系,要用被动形式;句中时间状语
since
表示从
那时起到现在文章一直没写完,是现在完成时态的时间状语。故选<
br>D
。
17
.
A rescue worker
risked his life saving two tourists who ________
in the mountains for two
days.
A
.
are trapping B
.
have been
trapped
C
.
were trapping
D
.
had been trapped
【答案】
D
【解析】
考查语态和时态。句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里
两天的旅游
者。
“who ___ in the mountains for two
days”
是定语从句,修饰
two tourists
,
two tour
ists
和
trap
之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由
risked<
br>可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事
情,被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前,即
“过去的过去
”
,该空应用过去完成时态。
综上,
D
选项正确。<
br>
点睛:过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,即
“
过去的过
去
”
,其表达形式为
had
done
,被动语态的表达形式为
had been done
。
18
.
You can’t move in right now. The
house _____ now.
A
.
has painted
B
.
is painted
C
.
is being
painted D
.
is painting
【答案】
C
【解析】
【详解】
考查
语态。句意:你现在不能搬进来
,
房子正在被粉刷。根据句意可知,此处应使用现在进
行时的被动语态。故
C
选项正确。
19
.
I
want to buy that kind of cloth because I ______
the cloth ______ well.
A
.
have
told
;
washes
C
.
was
told
;
washed
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查语态时态。句意:因为我已经被告知这种布料很好洗,于是我想去买这
种布。第一空
中使用现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,且
I
与
t
ell
是被动关系,所以使用
B
.
have been
told
;
washes
D
.
have been
told
;
is washed
现在完成时的被动形式。第
二空中动词
wash
与副词
well
连用,用主动形式表示被动含
义
。故
B
项正确。
【点睛】
小题
2
中考
查了主动表示被动的用法,涉及
“
主语
+
不及物动词
+
主语
补语
”
句型中的一些不
及物动词使用主动表示被动的用法。具体用法如下:
1)
系动词没有被动形式
,
但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有
taste(
吃起来
), sound (
听
起来
),
prove(
证明是
),
feel(
摸上去感到
)
等
,
例如
:
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。
Good medicine
tastes bitter to the mouth.
良药苦口。
2)
一些与
can't(
不能
)
或
won't(
不会<
br>)
连用的动词。常用的有
: lock(
锁住
),
shut(
关上
) , open
(打开,营业)
,
close
(关门)
, cut
(切割)
,
weigh
(重)
, act
(上演)
,
例如
:
The door won't open.
这门打不开。
It can't move.
它不能动。
This shop
opens much earlier than it used to. Each stone
weighs 2 tons.
3)
一些与
well(
很
),
easily(
容易地
),
perfectly(
十分地
)
等连用的动词
,
如
:
sell, wash, clean,
burn, cook, wash, write,
last, read, wear
等。这种
“
动词
+
副词
”
结构,常表示事物内部特有
的属性。例如
:
The
book sells well.
这种书很畅销。
These
clothes wash well.
这些衣服很耐洗。
4)
用
在
“
主语
+
不及物动词
+
主语补语
”
句型
中的一些不及物动词
,
例如
:This material has
worn thin.
这料子已磨薄了。
The
dust has blown into the house.
灰尘被风吹进了房子。
This kind of cloth washes well and lasts
long.
The
pen
my
father
gave
me
as
a
birthday
gift
writes
smoothly.
Written in
simple English, this article reads easily.
5)
某些不及物动词,如
happen, occur,
cost
以及短语,如
come out
(出版)
, come
up
(出现)
, come into being
(产生)
come to one’s mind
(想起)
, turn
out
(证明是)
,
come about
(发生)
,
break out
(爆发)
, belong
to
(属于)等,本身表被动含义,所以
它们常用主动形式。
The
first textbooks written for teaching English as a
foreign language came out in the
18th century.
Suddenly an idea came to his mind.
It never occurred to me to phone you.
20
.
More than one worker ______
dismissed.
A
.
have been
B
.
are
C
.
has been
D
.
has
【答案】
C
【解析】
【详解】
考查主谓一致和语态。句意:不止一个工人被解雇了。如果主语由
+单数名词
构成,尽管从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式,故排除
A
和
B
,
“
工人
”
和
“<
br>解雇
”
之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故选
C
。
21
.
Please don’t stand up in class
until you ______.
A
.
were told to
C
.
are told to
【答案】
C
【解析】
【详解】
考查省略句。句意:直到有人叫你站起来,你
才可以在课堂上站起来。在一定的上下文
中,为了避免重复,动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉,但是要保
留动词不定式的符号
to
。
分析句子可知,本句为一般现在时。故
C
选项正确。
【点睛】
to
代替不定式
在一定
的上下文中,为了避免重复,动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉,但是要保留动词不
定式的符号
t
o
。
to
代替不定式,常同
refuse, want, seem,
intend, expect, hope, like, be afraid,
prefer,
care, oblige, forget, wish,
try
,
tell
等动词连用。
注意:如果不定式中含有
be, have,
或
have
been
,一般要保留
be, have
或
have
been
。
本句还原为:
Please don’t stand up
in class until you are told to stand
up
。省略句为:
Please
don’t stand up in class
until you are told to
。故
C
选项正确。
B
.
are told
D
.
were
told
22
.
This is one of the
best films _______.
A
.
that have
been shown this year
C
.
that has been
shown this year
【答案】
C
【解析】
【详解】
考查定语从句和时态。句意:这是今年上映的最好的电影之一。此处为定语
从句,先行词
为
the one
,有最高级
the best
修饰
,关系代词应该用
that
,在从句中作主语,语境表明使
用现在完成时,而且谓语要
用第三人称单数,故
C
项正确。
B
.
that have
shown
D
.
that you talked
23
.
––Why are you buying a new
refrigerator?
––The old one ______ so many
times that it’s not worth it any more.
A
.
has repaired B
.
is
repaired
C
.
has been repaired
D
.
has been repairing
【答案】
C
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意:
——
你为什么要买一台新冰箱?
——旧的冰箱已经被
修过很多次了,它都不值得再修了。表示现在之前的动作对现在造成的影响用现在完
成
时,主语
“
冰箱
”
和
“
修理
”
是被动关系,故选
C
。
24
.
Amy, as well as her
brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning
to the village last
week.
A
.
is
given
C
.
was given
【答案】
C
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:艾米和她的兄弟们当
上周回到村里时,受到了热烈的欢迎。根据
last week
可知,应用过去时,排除选项<
br>A
和
B
;本句的主语是
Amy
,她受到热烈欢迎,所
以用过去时的被动。故选
C
。
B
.
are
given
D
.
were given
25
.
The students have been working hard
on their lessons and their efforts _____ with
success
in the end.
A
.
rewarded
C
.
will reward
【答案】
D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
本题考查时态和语态。解题步骤:
1.
确定时态:根据句尾的
in the
end
可知,事情发生在
将来,用将来时。
2.
确定语态:
eff
orts
和
reward
是被动关系,应该使用被动语态。句意:
学生们一直
在刻苦学习功课,他们的努力终将会得到回报。综上,用一般将来时的被动,
故选
D
。
【点睛】
一般将来时
1.
表示未来的动作或状态常用
will shall +
动词(常与表示将来的时间状语边用如
tomorrow
、
next
week
等)。
2.
表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
例如:
We’ll die without air or water.
3.
表示趋向行为的动词如
come, go, start, begin,
leave
等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
4. be going
to
与
will shall, be to do, be about to
do
用法及区别:
(1)shall will
do
表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。
(2)be going to
表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已
做了某种准备;be going to
表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而
will
do
则能,表
意愿。
例如:
If it is fine,
we’ll go fishing.(
正确
)
If it is
fine, we are going to go fishing.(
错误
)
(3)be to do
sth.
表按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。
例如:
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock
this afternoon.
B
.
were
rewarded
D
.
will be rewarded
(4)be about to do sth.
表示
“
即将
正要去做某事
”
,通常不与时间状语连用,但可与
when
引
导的从句连用,构成常考句型:
sb was about to do sth when
sb did sth
。
例如:
Autumn harvest is
about to start.
26
.
—The
hurricane ____ to reach the coast tomorrow
morning.
—If so, we’d better make full
preparations for it.
A
.
will be
predicted
【答案】
D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查动词的时态及语态。句意:
——
预测飓风明天早上会到达海岸。
——
如果是这样的
话,我们最好做好充分的准
备。
A. will be predicted
将被预测;
B. is
predicting
正在被预测;
C. has
predicted
已经预测;
D. is
predicted
被预测。分析句子可知,空格处的主语是
the
hurrica
ne
与动词
predict
二者是被动关系,要用被动语态。
B
和<
br>C
是主动语态,故不正确。
根据第二句话可知,飓风明天早上才到,现在还没到,即飓风
到达海岸是现在做出的预
测,所以要用一般现在时,故选
D
。
B
.
is predicting C
.
has
predicted D
.
is predicted
27
.
—Why didn’t you attend the assembly
this morning?
—But I ________ anything
about that.
A
.
didn’t tell
【答案】
C
【解析】
【详解】
考查
时态和语态。句意:
——
你为什么没有参加今天早上的集会?
——
没人告诉我
。主语
I
和
tell
之间是动宾关系,故用被动语态,又
“
没有告诉
”
的动作发生在今天早上之前,即过
去之过去,故用过去完成时的被动语态,
即
had been done
,故选
C
项。
B
.
haven’t told C
.
hadn’t been
told D
.
haven’t been told
28
.
Beijing's new international airport
________ into use in September, 2019, according to
the
spokesperson.
A
.
was put
C
.
has put
【答案】
D
【解析】
试题分析:考查时态和语态。句意:按照发言人所说,北京的新国际机场将
在
2019
年投入
使用。根据句意可知,用一般将来时态的被动语态。故选
D
。
考点:考查时态和语态
B
.
will
put
D
.
will be put
29
.
This project ______
considered thoroughly, and I’m sure it ______
finished on time.
A
.
must be; may
be
C
.
may be; must be
【答案】
B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:这个项目应该被全面地考虑,并且我确定可以准时完成这
个项目。
should be
表示
“
应该
”
这个项目要求考虑的全面,
can be
表示
“
能够
”
有能力完成这个项目,
所以选
B
。
考点:考查情态动词
B
.
should be; can
be
D
.
can be; should be
30
.
Oral English exams _______ in China
twice a year to give more chances to the
students.
A
.
has held
B
.
will be held
C
.
will hold
D
.
has been held
【答案】
B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:英语口语考试将在中国每年举行两次,为的是给学生更
多的机会。句中
主语
Oral English exams
和动词
hold
是被动关系,表
示动作将要进行不是完
成,排除
D
,故选
B
。
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