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中考初中英语被动语态讲解(精心整理)
? 定义
语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态
。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被
动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
?
被动语态的构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词
? 被动语态的时态:
“主动语态变被动语态,时态不变动”,即助动词be
的时态要跟原主动语态中的
时态保持一致。请看下表:
时态
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
现在完成时
被动结构
amisare+过去分词
waswere+过去分词
willshall be+过去分词
amisare being+过去分词
havehas been+过去分词
含情态动词 canmaymust...
be+过去分词
? 主动语态变被动语态的方法
第一步:先确定主动句的主、谓、宾,找出其中的谓语动词。
第二步:把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语,若宾语是人称代词,变宾格为主
格。
第三步:把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”, 时态
不变。
第四步:把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行
者时,“by
+宾语”在句中常省略。),若主语是人称代词,应把主格变为宾格。
请对比下面的主动句和被动句:
主动语态:They(主语)
grow(谓语) tea(宾语) in the southeast of China.
被动语态:Tea(主语) is grown(谓语) by them in the
southeast of China.
随堂演练(把下列句型改为被动句)
writes a letter every week.
→
Lei mended the broken bike this morning.
→
grow trees every spring.
→
mother cleans our room every morning.
→
补充:
①S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时,可
把其中一个宾语变为被动
语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语,需根据习惯在原间宾语前加上介词to或
for 。
用to的常见词有:give, show, send, lend,
pass, pay, teach, throw, bring …….
用for的常见词有:design, choose, sing, buy, get, cook
……
1. Mary gave him some books.
He was
given some books by Mary.
Some books were
given to him by Mary.
2. Her father bought her
a new bike.
She was bought a new bike by her
father.
A new bike was bought for her by her
father.
随堂演练:
(1)He gave me a book.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________
(直接宾语作主语)
(2)My father bought me a new bike.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________
(直接宾语作主语)
②S+ V+ O+ OC带复
合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的结构变为被动语态时,只能
将宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语不可
变为主语。
call him Gina.
→ He is called Gina
(by us).
made me happy.
→I was
made happy (by them).
asked me to come here.
→I was asked to come here (by him)
补充:
在主动语态中,使役动词和感官动词后接动词原形(即省to的动词不定式),在变成被动语态时,需将to补上。使役动词let除外。
使役动词和感官动词有:一感(feel), 二听(hear,listen
to),三让(make, have,
let),四看(look at, see,
watch, notice)
I saw him play football on the
playground just now.
→He was seen to play
football on the playground by me.
随堂演练:
1. We saw them _______(play) football.
They _______ _______ ______ _______ football.
2. We often hear her _______(sing) in
English.
She_____ often _____ _____ ____ in
English.
另:see, hear 后接doing作宾补时,
在变为被动语态时不加to。
I can hear him singing.
He
________ _______ ______ _______.
? 被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句
被动语态的否定句构成须在第一个助动词后加not。
被动
语态
的否
定句
和疑
问句
否定
My homework has not been finished.
我的作业还没有完成。
一般疑
问句
被动语态的一般疑问句是将第一个助动词置于主语
之前。
Will the
worker be sent away? 这个工人将被解聘
吗?
The
photos were taken in Japan.
① (改为否定句)
②(改为一般疑问句,并做肯定和否定回答)
? 被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
My
bike was stolen yesterday.
(2)强调动作的执行者时,使用“by+执行者”。
The pen was used
by my father.
【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise,com
e,go,happen,
take place等,没有被动语态。
?
被动语态注意点
? 含“不及物动词+
介词副词”(短语动词)的句子变成被动语态时,介词或
副词不能丢掉。
She took
good care of her grandmother.
→Her grandmother
was taken good care of by her.
随堂演练
often talk about that film.
That film is
often talked ______.
looks after me very
well.
I ________________________________.
3. The nurse took good care of the sick man.
The sick man __________________.
4. We should speak to the old
people politely.
The old people should
_______________politely.
? 主动形式表示被动意义.
(强调动作自然发生,或事物本身性质)
a) 某些连系动词: look,
smell, taste, feel, sound。主动形式表示被动意义。
The
music ________(听起来) interesting.
b)
说明主语特征、状态的词。这类词通常主动表被动。
grow well , ,wash well
, write well , sell well,read well, break easily
,hurt badly(疼
得厉害)
随堂演练
1. We grow
rice every year. And it grows well.
2. The
glass was broken by a boy. This kind of glass
______ easily.(容易碎)
3. The pen is sold here.
It well . (写起来好)
4. That book is sold
here. It _______________well. (卖得好) (读起来好)
5.
The shirt is washed every day. And it _______well.
(洗起来好)
6. I like eating the food. And it
______ well (吃起来好)
7. He _______by a car
yesterday. Now, his head _________(疼)badly.
c) 当open, close, shut, lock,
move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,
通常主动表被动。
d)
need, want,
require等动词以及形容词worth(值得)后面,跟-ing的主动形式
表达被动意义。
need doing sth = need to be done
want
doing sth = want to be done
require
doing sth = require to be done
be worth doing
sth 值得被做某事
My old bike needs repairing =My old bike needs
to be required。
我的旧自行车需要修一下。
随堂演练
My clothes need ___________ (wash).
The
book is worth ___________ (read) twice.
The
house needs __________(repair).
? 表示动作自然发生的动词,如:appear, come out,
happen, take place, die,
disappear, fall,
break down, itch, rise, belong to
随堂演练
1. In summer, leaves ________(落下) .
2. His car ________(抛锚了)on the way here.
3. An accident _____(发生) and he _____(死了).
4. Great changes __________(发生) over the
years.
5. A big cloud ________(出现) when the
sun _______(消失).
6. Our teacher told us the
sun ________(升起) in the east.
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1.阅读下列材料,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能
回答所提问题或完成所给句
子的最佳选项。
D
One year, a college in the United States announced
that it would offer a lot of money for
the
pure white marigold(金盏花). The high reward
attracted so many people, but in the nature,
besides golden, the marigold is brown, and it
is not easy to get the white one. So after they
were
excited for a time, many people had
forgotten the announcement.
One normal
day after 20 years, the college received a letter
and 100 seeds of pure white
marigold. It was
an old woman of over 70 years old. Some experts in
the college doubted it, but
in order not to
let her down, those seeds finally took root (根)in
the earth. The miracle appeared
after one
year; the field was covered by pure white
marigold.
Therefore, the old woman
who was always unknown to the public became a new
focus.
The old woman was a flower-
lover. When she read the announcement 20 years
ago, she
got very excited like others. But her
eight children were totally against her decision.
After all, a
woman who never knew the seed
genetics(遗传学) couldn't complete what the experts
could
never do, so her thought was only a day
dream.
Still, the old woman didn't
change her mind and went on working. She planted
some of
the most common seeds and took good
care of them. A year later, when the marigold came
out,
she chose one faintest(最暗淡的) from those
golden and brown flowers and got the best seed.
The next year, she again grew them and chose
...Day after day, year after year, through many
seasons, the old woman's
husband died, her children flew far, a lot of
things happened in her life,
but only the wish
to grow the pure white marigold took root in her
heart.
Finally, after 20 years on the
day we all know, in the garden she saw a marigold,
which
was nearly white, but as white as silver
or snow.
A problem even experts
couldn't deal with was solved by an old woman who
didn't
understand genetics. Was it a miracle
(奇迹)?
To take root in the heart, even
the most common seed, can grow into a miracle!
(1)According to the passage, _____ marigold is
unusual.
A. white
B. purple C. brown
D. golden
(2)It can be learned from the
passage that ______.
A. the children
didn't agree on their mother's decision
B.
the woman needed the great reward for her big
family
C. the experts also succeeded in
growing the white marigold
D. the woman
took good care of the flowers instead of her
family
(3)The woman successfully grew the
white marigold at last because she______.
A. was luckier than experts
B. put her heart into flowers
C. got
support from her family
D. studied the seed genetics well
(4)The
passage mainly talks about_______.
A.
the difficulties of getting the white marigold
B. the possibility of going beyond experts
C. the unforgettable development of marigold
D. the importance of holding on to dreams
【答案】 (1)A
(2)A
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文通过一个70多岁的老妇人历时20年终于培
育出纯白色金盏花的
故事告诉我们,只要坚守希望和梦想,奇迹就会发生。
⑴推理判断。white白色;purple紫色;brown棕色;golden金色。根据第一段but
in the
nature, besides golden, the marigold is
brown, and it is not easy to get the white
one可知自然界
中除了金色的金盏花之外只有棕色的,找到白色的很难。故选A。
⑵细节理解。根据第四段 But her eight children
were totally against her
decision可知她的
八个孩子完全反对她的决定。故选A。
⑶推理判断。根据第五段but only the wish to grow the pure
white marigold took root in
her
heart可知只有种出纯白色金盏花的希望在她心里扎下根。故选B。
⑷主旨大意。本文通
过一个20年的努力终于种出了白色金盏花的事说明只要坚守希望
和梦想,奇迹就会发生。故选D。
【点评】考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力,答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词,在
文
章中寻找答案。
2.阅读理解
Good
Neighbours
Mr. and Mrs. March lived
together with their four daughters. Amy was very
shy. Beth
loved being at home. Meg looked very
pretty. Jo was tall and thin and she was a tomboy.
Their
home was always busy and full of noise
and people. Next to them lived old Mr. Laurence
and his
grandson, Laurie. They lived in a very
large and comfortable house. But it was a house
without
life.
One day, Joe saw
Laurie standing at an upstairs window in his house
and looking down at
their garden. Jo's sisters
were playing in the snow there. They were throwing
snowballs and
having a lot of fun. But
Laurie's face was very sad.
boy!Jo
thought. all alone. He needs some couldn't stop
thinking about him. She wanted to go and see
him, but how could she go to the house without an
invitation?
Then one snowy
afternoon, she saw Laurie's grandpa go out. This
gave her an idea. She
took a broom from the
kitchen.
When Laurie saw Jo from the
window, a big smile changed his pale, sad
face.
Jo laughed and shouted,
Laurie opened the window and said,
to
stay inside for a week
into
her house.
A few minutes later, she
returned and rang the bell on the door of Laurie's
house. A
servant took her upstairs.
I am!she said brightly. sends her love and my
sisters gave me this
blancmange (牛奶冻) for
you.
Jo looked around. There
were lots of books on the shelves.
—Amy, Beth
and Meg.
around the
table with your mother. She has a very kind face.
I like looking at her. I haven't got a
mother.
Jo felt sad when she
heard this.
the time.
She told him about all
the interesting things in her life. She
said,除了……之外)
plays, I also
love books.
The library was a wonderful room.
Jo loved it.
Laurie said,
(Adapted from Little Women)
(1)From the first paragraph, we know
________________.
A. Jo's
family had five members
B. Jo and Laurie
were neighbours
C. Laurie and his grandpa
were busy
D. the four sisters had the same
hobby
(2)Jo wanted to visit Laurie because
_________________.
A. she
wanted to visit his large house
B. Laurie
invited her to play with snowballs
C. she
felt he was lonely and needed friends
D.
Laurie was seriously ill and needed her care
(3)What might be the correct order of what
happened in the story?
a. Jo saw Laurie
standing at an upstairs window in his house.
b. Jo and Laurie were having a talk happily at
Laurie's home.
c. Jo wanted to Laurie's
home after telling her mother.
d. Jo
couldn't stop thinking about Laurie.
A.
a—b—c—d B. b—a—c—d
C. b—d—a—c D. a—d—c—b
(4)Which words can best describe Jo and her
sisters?
A. Kind and friendly
B. Generous but rude C. Quiet and smart
D. Funny but
carless
(5)What does
Laurie mean by saying
A.
People need to stay in their own houses.
B. People should learn much more from the
books.
C. People need love and friendship
besides books.
D. People should relax
themselves besides reading
【答案】 (1)B
(2)C
(3)D
(4)A
(5)C
【解析】【分析】文章大意:文章讲述了Jo和她的邻
居Laurie的故事,Laurie跟着爷爷
生活没有了母亲,又生病了,心情很不越快,一天当Jo
看到了他之后心里放不下,就找机
会接近了他,了解了情况,然后成为了好朋友。
(1)细节理解题,根据 Their home was always busy and
full of noise and people. Next to
them lived
old Mr. Laurence and his grandson, Laurie.
可知Jo跟Laurie是邻居,故答案是B。
(2)细节理解题,根据But
Laurie's face was very sad.
alone. He needs
some friends.可知Laurie很孤独需要朋友,故答案是C。
(3)细节排
序题,根据文章内容可知,先是Jo从窗户里看到了Laurie,之后就放心不
下,告知父母之后,最
后进行了开心的交谈,因此句子的顺序为:a—d—c—b,故答案是D。
(4)逻辑推理题,根据
She couldn't stop thinking
about him. She wanted to go and see him,
可知Jo心地善良而友好,
根据 my sisters gave me this
blancmange (牛奶冻) for
you.可知Jo的姐妹也很友好,故答案
是A。
(5)句意猜测题,根据 A
person needs more than books. 可知,人需要的不仅仅是书,
根据文
章的叙述,他解释了Jo之后他开心了,并成为了朋友,所以除了书之外还需要关爱
和友谊,故答案是C
。
【点评】考查阅读理解,本文涉及到了细节理解题、细节排序题、逻辑推理题和句意猜测题。细节理解题很简单,一般可直接在文章中找到答案。细节排序题细节理解题的一种变
形,按照
文章的叙事顺序进行句子排序,逻辑推理题需要根据一体的推理方式,根据已知条
件推出可能的结论。句
意猜测题首先要理解句子的表面意思,然后结合语境去思考其深层含
义。
3.根据短文内容,判断正误。
I was 15 months
old, a happy and carefree kid, until the day I
fell. It was a bad fall. I landed on
a piece
of glass that cut my eye badly. From then on, my
injured, sightless, cloudy gray eye lived
on
with me.
Sometimes people asked me
embarrassing (使人难堪的) questions. Whenever kids
played
games, I was the 瞧不起) me.
Yet mum
would say to me,
that saying. As a child, I
thought mum meant, ,or you will fall down or bump
into
something because you are not looking.
But I found that when I held my head up high,
people liked me.
In high school, I
even became the class president, but inside I
still felt like a monster. All I really
wanted
was to look like everyone else. When things got
really bad, I would cry to my mum and
she would look at me with loving
eyes and say,
them see the beauty that is
inside instead of your appearance(外貌) .
My mum's love was the sunshine that made me
bright. I had faced hard times, and learned
not only to be confident(自信的) but also to have
deep compassion(同情) for others.
head up high
gave me will live on.
(1)The writer
imagined that everyone looked down on her because
of her appearance.
(2)People always
asked her embarrassing questions.
(3)The writer's mum said
(4)The
writer understood the saying very well as a child.
(5)The writer is living with a warm and
brave heart now.
【答案】 (1)1
(2)0
(3)1
(4)0
(5)1
【解析】【分析】本文讲了作者小时候因眼睛受伤导致外貌变丑而心情低落,在妈妈的帮助<
br>之下改变自己并变得自信的故事。
(1)细节理解题。根据第二段Whenever
kids played games, I was the
imagining that
everyone looked down on
me,可知作者总是想象每个人会因为她的外貌而瞧
不起她,故答案为正确。
(2)细节理解题。根据第二段Sometimes people asked me
embarrassing questions,可知
有时候人们会问使人难堪的的问题,而alw
ays意为总是,故答案为错误。
(3)细节理解题。根据最后一段My mum's
love was the sunshine that made me bright. I had
faced hard times, and learned not only to be
confident but also to have deep compassion for
others,妈妈的爱是照亮我的阳光,我面对困难,不仅学会了自信而且学会了深切的同情别
人,
可知妈妈让作者抬头是为了让她更自信,故答案为正确。
(4)细节理解题。根据第二段As a child, I thought mum meant, ,or
you will fall
down or bump into something
because you are not looking. 小时候,我认为妈妈的意思是:要
小心
,否则你会摔倒或者碰到什么东西因为你没有在看路,可知作者小时候不理解这句谚语,
故答案为错误。
(5)细节理解题。根据最后一段
home.I say it to my
children. The gift my mum gave me will live on,“抬起
你的头”这句话在我家
听到过很多次,我也跟我的孩子们说,我妈妈给我的礼物将会永存,可知作者现在
带着一颗
温暖并勇敢的心生活,故答案为正确。
【点评】考查阅读理解,注意理解文章大意,根据题目去文章找到对应的信息,进行理解判
断。
4.阅读理解
Then Alice saw a
small glass table. There was a little golden key
on it. She picked it and put it in
all the
locks on the doors but it didn't open any of them.
She moved a curtain on one of the walls
and
discovered another door, a very small one. She put
the key in the lock. It was exactly the right
size! She opened the door and looked through
it. At the end of a low passage she saw a
beautiful
garden. It was full of brightly
coloured flowers and fountains.
She walked back to the table. There was a
bottle on it now.
She put
down the key and picked up the bottle. She read
the words
wasn't a stupid girl. She didn't
drink it immediately. First she looked at the
bottle carefully. There
wasn't a label on it
that said
So she put the bottle to
her lips and drank.
things that
she liked to eat-so she drank some more. And some
more. Soon the bottle was empty.
as small as her cat Dinah.
the
door, she didn't have the key! It was on the
table. She couldn't reach it because she was too
small now. She sat down and cried.
After a while she said,
When she
looked at the table again, she saw a small glass
box under it. She picked it up and
opened it.
There was a small cake inside. It had the words
of it in her mouth.
door.
But nothing happened so she finished it.
(1)From the passage we can know that
_______________________.
A. at
first Alice could go through the door into the
garden easily
B. then Alice found there
was a little golden key on a small wooden
table
C. Alice was as
small as her rabbit Dinah after she drank
something in the bottle
D. Alice saw a
small glass box with a small cake in it under the
table
(2)Alice did the following things in
the order of ___________________.
a. She
saw a beautiful garden at the end of a low
passage.
b. She moved a curtain and
discovered another door.
c. She put a
small piece of the cake in her mouth.
d.
She put the bottle to her lips and drank.
e. She cried because she couldn't reach the
key.
A. a- b- c- d- e B.
b- a- d- e- c C. d- a- b- e- c
D. b- d- e- a- c
(3)The underlined word
A. the small box B. the
glass table C. the small cake
D. the golden key
(4)According to the
passage, the best words to describe Alice are
___________________.
A.
careful and brave
B. curious and
helpful
C. clever and friendly
D.
organized and strange
【答案】 (1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】
【分析】文章大意:本文主要讲爱丽丝被关到一座房子里,但出不去,里面有一些
东西可以使她变小。<
br>
(1)细节理解题。由第一段中
it was a very small gold
key.爱丽丝看见一张小玻璃桌。上面有一把金钥匙可知她是在玻璃桌
上发现钥匙的。选项B不符合文
章内容,故排除B;
go there but I'm too big to get
through the
door.我很想去那里,但是我太大了,不能从门进去。”
可知选项A不符合文章内容,故排除A;
now as small as her cat Dinah.我越来越小了。”“是真的!她现在
和她的猫黛娜一样小。可知选
项C符合文章内容,故排除C; When she looked at
the table again, she saw a small glass box
under it. She picked it up and opened it.
There was a small cake inside. 她看到桌子下面有一个
小玻璃盒。
她把它捡起来打开了。里面有一个小蛋糕,可知选项D符合文章内容,故选D。
(2)细节理解题。根据通读全文,找出在文中的位置 。b: She moved a
curtain and discovered
another door. ; a:She
saw a beautiful garden at the end of a low
passage. ;d:She put the
bottle to her lips and
drank. e: She cried because she couldn't reach the
key. ; c:She put a
small
piece of the cake in her mouth. 找出在文中的位置 ,故选B。
(3)代词指代题。根据全文,可能小蛋糕的作用与液体的作用一样,她可能变得太小了或
变大
,都与小蛋糕有关系,故选C。
(4)推理判断题。根据 Alice wasn't a
stupid girl. She didn't drink it immediately.
First she looked
at the bottle carefully.
There wasn't a label on it that said 爱丽丝不是个傻女孩。她没<
br>有马上喝。她先仔细地看了看瓶子。上面没有写着“毒药”的标签。可以推知她是一个谨慎并
勇敢
的女孩。A: careful and brave谨慎和勇敢; B: curious and
helpful好奇和乐于助人;
C: clever and friendly聪明和友好;
D: organized and strange有条理和奇怪。故选A。
【点评】考查
阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题两种常考题型,细节题要注意从文中寻找
答案;推断题需要联系上下
文,推断出需要的信息。
5.阅读理解
My
family has had a great influence on me. When I was
a kid, I learnt how to work from my
family. My
mum would never let me get away when there was
something to be done. I learnt the
importance
of education. My parents would give me 50 dollars
if I got As in school. They taught
me how to
use and save money. My mum taught me how to cook,
how to clean, and basically
everything I
needed to know to live on my own. My dad taught me
how to garden, how to do
home improvement, how
to treat women and girls with respect, and how to
put other people's
needs above my own. My
brothers and sisters taught me how to make a
decision in conflict(矛盾).
I'm 22now, and I'll
get married next year. I learn things from my
parents' marriage by examples.
For example,
I've never seen my parents really fight. They had
disagreements, but they were
always in control
and never let anger get the best of them. I think
that's great, and I'm going to
work towards
that in my marriage.
I have a great
family. I'm grateful that my parents chose to make
it a great family.
(1)Who taught the
writer to do some housework?
A. The mother. B. The
father. C. The sisters.
D. The brothers.
(2)When will the writer
have a new family?
A. At the
age of 22. B. At the age of 24. C.
At the age of 23. D. At the age of 21.
(3)Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The writer's family influence the
writer a lot.
B. The writer learns to save
money.
C. The writer is a girl in the
family.
D. The writer's parents never
fight with each other.
(4)How will the
writer's new family be according to the passage?
A. It will be a large
family. B. It
will be a great family.
C. The family
members will be different. D. The
family members will never get angry.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了作者的家庭对作者有很大的影响。
(1)推理题。根据 My mum taught me how to cook, how to
clean, and basically
everything I needed to
know to live on my own.
我妈妈教我如何做饭,如何打扫卫生,以
及基本上我需要知道的独立生活所需的一切可知,
作者的妈妈教他做家务 , 故选A。
(2)推理题。根据 I'm 22now,
and I'll get married next year 可知,
作者23岁时会有一
个新家庭 , 故选C。
(3)推理题。根据 My
dad taught me how to garden, how to do home
improvement, how
to treat women and girls with
respect, 我爸爸教我如何园艺,如何改善家庭,如何尊重妇
女和女孩可知作者是男孩,作者是
家里的一个女孩是错的 ,故选C。
(4)细节题。根据 I have a
great family. I'm grateful that my parents chose
to make it a
great family.
我有一个大家庭。我很感激我的父母选择让它成为一个伟大的家庭可知,
作
者的新家庭会是一个伟大的家庭 故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细
节题、推断题,细节题要注意从文中寻找答案;推断
题需要联系上下文,推断出需要的信息。