onlooker什么意思-隔岸观火的意思
【英语】被动语态高考真题解析
一、单项选择被动语态
1
.
Peter is helping set tables in the
hall, where John’s birthday party ________.
A
.
is holding B
.
has held
C
.
is held D
.
will be
held
【答案】
D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:皮特正在
帮着在大厅里放桌子,约翰的生日晚会将在这
里举行。根据前面语境正在放桌子,可知现在
pa
rty
还没举行,马上将要举行,
“
生日晚会
”
与
“
举行
”
之间是被动关系,故选
D
。
2
.
A human case of H7N9 was reported
in 2014 when a woman______ to be infected with the
bird flu virus.
A
.
confirmed
C
.
was confirmed
【答案】
C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:一例人感染
H7N9
病毒的报告发生在
2014
年,当时,一名女性被确诊感
染了禽流感。
Confirm
证实,确认,根据
was reported in 2014
可知,是过去的事情,先行词是
2014
,定语从句也用一般过去时,排除
B
、
D
;
woman
与
confirm
是动宾关系,即她
是被确诊的,故选
C
。
考点:考查时态与被动语态
B
.
had been confirmed
D
.
have confirmed
3
.
The two nurses ________
100
,
000 yuan by the police but donated it
to victims of the
explosion.
A
.
rewarded
C
.
have been
rewarded
【答案】
D
【解析】
试题分析:句
意:这两位护士被警方奖赏
100
,
000
元,但是她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故
的受
害者。根据
“but donated it to victims of the e
xplosion.”
,可知
“
她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受
害者
”
已经是发生在过去的事情,而
“
两位护士被警方奖赏
100
,
000
元
”
是发生在过去的过
去,故用过去完成时,且
“
两位护士
”
和
“
奖赏
”
是被动关系,故用被动语态,选D
。
考点:考查时态和语态
B
.
would be rewarded
D
.
had been rewarded
4
.
The affairs of each country should
be by its own people.
A
.
elected B
.
settled
C
.
developed D
.
contained
【答案】
B
【解析】考查动词。句意为:各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决
。由句意可知,选
settle
,
意为
“
解决
”
。
elect
选举;
develop
发展;
contain
包含,控制。故选
B
。
5
.
At the awarding ceremony held in
Tokyo, the scientists were surprised by what
______ in
science and technology.
A
.
has discovered B
.
has been
discovered
C
.
had discovered
D
.
had been discovered
【答案】
D
【解析】句意:在东京举行的颁奖仪式上,科学家们惊讶于科学
技术的发现。科学家们感
到惊讶是过去式,故科学技术发现用过去完成时,
what
于
动词
discover
是被动关系,故选
D
。
6
.
The new library ________; it will be
open next year.
A
.
had been built
B
.
was built
C
.
was being
built D
.
is being built
【答案】
D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:图书馆正在建设中;明年开放
。根据后面一句可推知,
图书馆是正在建设中,所以要用进行时,图书馆是被建的,要用被动。所以本句
要用现在
进行时的被动语态。故选
D
。
7
.
The singer’s music video nearly 9
million times since it was posted on the Internet
four
weeks ago.
A
.
viewed
C
.
was viewed
【答案】
D
【解析】
试题分析:考查动词时态与语态辨析。
A.
viewed
,一般过去式;
B. was
viewed
过去式的被
动语态;
C. has
viewed
,现在完成式;
D. has been viewed
,现在完成式的
被动语态。句意:
自从四个星期前这位歌手的音乐视频被放在互联网上,这个视频的访问量达到了将近<
br>9
百
万次。
since
从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时
has done
形式,又因
music
video
是被
访问的,故要用被动语态。故选
D
。
考点:考查动词时态与语态辨析。
B
.
has
viewed
D
.
has been viewed
8
.
--- Why don't we choose that road to
save time?
--- The bridge to it
.
A
.
has repaired
C
.
is
being repaired
【答案】
C
【解析】
考查时态和语态。句意为:
——
我们为什么不选那条路以节省时间呢?
——
通
往那条路的
B
.
is repaired
D
.
will be repaired
桥正在维修。桥正在被维修,故用现在进行时的被动语态。
答案:
C
9
.
— Did he decide to
take part in the competition?
— Yes, of
course. He _____ to.
A
.
has been
encouraging B
.
had been encouraged
C
.
has been encouraged D
.
was
to be encouraged
【答案】
B
【解析】考查时
态和语态。句意:
——
他决定参加比赛吗?
——
是的,当然。他已经被鼓励参加比赛。根据
he
和动词
encourage
之间的逻辑关系分析,
此处应该使用被动形式,故
先排除
A
项。再和第一句话的一般过去时态结合起来分析,
此处应该使用过去完成时态的
被动语态。故选
B
。
10
.
Quantities of soil ________ in the
area, resulting in the increasing number of
natural
disasters.
A
.
is washed
away B
.
have washed away
C
.
have washed away D
.
have
been washed away
【答案】
D
【解析】考查时
态和语态。句意:在这个地区大量的土壤被冲走了,结果导致自然灾害数
量增加。句中
soil
和
wash away
是被动关系,此处指土壤已经被冲走并对现在造成影响,
故要用现在完成时,要用现在完成时的被动语态,故选
D
。
11
.
When I got to his house, I found
that the walls _____ .
A
.
are being
painted B
.
are painting
C
.
were being painted D
.
were
painting
【答案】
C
【解析】考查过去进行时态的被动
语态。句意:当我到达他家的时候,我发现墙正在被粉
刷。根据句意可知用过去进行时态的被动语态,故
选
C
。
12
.
107
.
The farmer said the PLA
men came to rescue timely when they _____in the
snowstorm.
A
.
were trapping
B
.
were being trapped
C
.
are
trapping D
.
are being trapped
【答案】
B
【解析】考查过去进行时的被动语态。句意:这位农民说他们在
暴风雪中被困时,解放军
战士及时赶来营救。根据题干中的
said
判断从句中需要与
过去相关的时态;根据短语
“be
trapped in”
排除
A
和
C
;句中表示
“
被暴风雪困住的时候
”
,故用过去进行时
的被动语态,故
选
B
。
点睛:对时态的选择,要在把握时态的基本
用法的基础上,根据具体语境和题干中的时间
推断时态,同时关注特殊的结构。
13
.
Local governments to
strengthen water transport safety management
recent fatal
accidents.
A
.
are
urging, followed B
.
are being urged,
following
C
.
are urged, to follow
D
.
urge, being followed
【答案】
B
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态及语态。句意:最近接连发生的致
命事故敦促地方政府加强
水路运输安全管理。
urge sb. to do
sth.
,为固定搭配。
“
敦促某人做某事
”
。分析句意可知是<
br>事故促使政府加强管理。因此政府与敦促是被动关系,故
A
与
D
是错误
的。事件已发生了
故不能用
to follow
作定语,
following
,后面的,其次的,下列的。因此要用
B
。
14
.
I intend to buy that kind of
clothes because I ____ that they _____ well.
A
.
have told; wash
C
.
was
told; washed
【答案】
B
【解析】
考察
时态。根据题意,我想买那种衣服,因为有人告诉过我他们洗起来不错。可知从句内
容为过去已经完成的
动作,故用过去完成时态。他们洗起来不错则是一个客观存在的事
实,过去存在,现在及将来都会存在,
故用一般现在时态。选
B
。
B
.
have been
told; wash
D
.
have been told; are
washed
15
.-
Mike, did you see Mr. Chapman in
the office just now?
-
Yes, he
________, and he looked a little bit nervous.
A
.
had interviewed B
.
was
interviewed
C
.
was being
interviewed D
.
is being interviewing
【答案】
C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:
——
迈克,
你刚才看到
Mr. Chapman
在办公室吗
?——
是的<
br>,
他
正在接受采访
,
他看起来有点紧张。表示刚才正在进行的动作用过
去进行时,句中
he
和动
词
interview
是被动关系,所以此
处用过去进行时的被动,故选
C
。
16
.
—I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport. Why
didn’t you drive him there?
—I
__________. But my car ___________ .
A
.
would; was fixed
C
.
would
have; was being fixed
B
.
would have;
was fixed
D
.
did; was being
fixed
【答案】
C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和动词时态。句意:
---
我看见你叔叔坐
出租车去机场了。你为什么不开车送
他去那里呢?
---
我本来想送他了。但是我的汽
车当时正在修理。根据语境可知说话人表示
本来想做但是没有做的事情,应该用
would
have done
;而修理汽车是指当他叔叔去机场的
时候,表示过去正在进行的动作,故答
案选
C
。
17
.
8 students
and 2 teachers at Santa Fe High School by a
17-year-student armed with a
shotgun and a
pistol. This is one of the many gun-related
tragedies that have happened in the last
2
years.
A
.
killed B
.
were
killed
C
.
have killed
D
.
have been killed
【答案】
B
<
br>【解析】考查被动语态。句意:在圣塔菲高中,一名
17
岁的学生手持猎枪和一把手枪,
在
圣塔菲高中杀害了
8
名学生和
2
名教师。
8
students and 2 teachers
是句子主语,复数形
式,和
kil
l
之间是被动关系,再根据
in the last 2 years.
可知这是最近
两年发生的与枪有关的
事故之一,可知这是在讲过去的事情,所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态,故答
案为
B
。
18
.
No decision
__A_ about any future appointment until all the
candidates have been
interviewed.
A
.
will be made
C
.
is being
made
【答案】
A
【解析】
试题分析:考查时态,
主语是
decision
和动词
make
是动宾关系,所以用被动式,因为后
面的句子
about any future appointment
可以知道动作
未发生,所以用将来时,句子意思
“
关
于未来会议没有做出任何决定直到所有的报考者
已经被采访
”
,所以选
A
考点:考查时态
点评
:做时态题时,首先看时间状语,由时间状语来确定句子的时态;如果没有时间状
语,可以根据隐含的意
思来确定句子时态。
B
.
is made
D
.
has been made
19
.
Louis Cha (
金庸
) passed away.
As for his achievement, there is such a comment,
“He ______
the Nobel Prize for Literature with
his written works translated into English.”
A
.
could have been rewarded
C
.
should be rewarded
【答案】
A
【解析】
B
.
must have been
rewarded
D
.
need have been
rewarded
【详解】
考查情态动词
+have done
用法。句意:金庸去世了,至于他的成就,有这样
的评论:他本
能获得诺贝尔文学奖用他的被翻译成了英语的著作。
A. could have
been rewarded
本可以被
授予;
B. must have been
rewarded
一定被授予;
C. should be
rewarded
应该被授予;
D. need
have been
rewarded
本必要被授予。根据语境,
A
选项正确。
【点睛】
could have done
可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句
。用于肯定句既可以表示过去能够做而实
际未做,有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意,通常译为
“<
br>本来可以
”“
本来能
”
,也可以表示对过
去动作的推测,常可
译为
“
可能(已经
)”
。本句表达金庸本能获得诺贝尔文学奖,但却没有获得的惋惜。故
A
选项正确。
20
.
I
want to buy that kind of cloth because I ______
the cloth ______ well.
A
.
have
told
;
washes
C
.
was
told
;
washed
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查语态时态。句意:因为我已经被告知这种布料很好洗,于是我想去买这
种布。第一空
中使用现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,且
I
与
t
ell
是被动关系,所以使用
现在完成时的被动形式。第二空中动词
wash
与副词
well
连用,用主动形式表示被动含
义。故
B
项正确。
【点睛】
小题
2
中考查了主动表示被动的用法,涉及
“
主语
+
不及物动词
+
主语补语
”
句型中的一些
不
及物动词使用主动表示被动的用法。具体用法如下:
1)
系动词没有被动
形式
,
但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有
taste(
吃起来
), sound (
听
起来
), prove(
证明是
),
feel(
摸上去感到
)
等
,
例如
:
Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。
Good medicine
tastes bitter to the mouth.
良药苦口。
2)
一些与
can't(
不能
)
或
won't(
不会<
br>)
连用的动词。常用的有
: lock(
锁住
),
shut(
关上
) , open
(打开,营业)
,
close
(关门)
, cut
(切割)
,
weigh
(重)
, act
(上演)
,
例如
:
The door won't open.
这门打不开。
It can't move.
它不能动。
This shop
opens much earlier than it used to. Each stone
weighs 2 tons.
3)
一些与
well(
很
),
easily(
容易地
),
perfectly(
十分地
)
等连用的动词
,
如
:
sell, wash, clean,
burn, cook, wash, write,
last, read, wear
等。这种
“
动词
+
副词
”
结构,常表示事物内部特有
的属性。例如
:
The
book sells well.
这种书很畅销。
These
clothes wash well.
这些衣服很耐洗。
4)
用
在
“
主语
+
不及物动词
+
主语补语
”
句型
中的一些不及物动词
,
例如
:This material has
worn thin.
这料子已磨薄了。
B
.
have
been told
;
washes
D
.
have
been told
;
is washed
The dust has blown into the house.
灰尘被风吹进了房子。
This kind of cloth
washes well and lasts long.
The
pen
my
father
gave
me
as
a
birthday
gift
writes
smoothly.
Written in simple English, this article reads
easily.
5)
某些不及物动词,如
happen,
occur, cost
以及短语,如
come out
(出版)
,
come up
(出现)
, come into being
(产生)
come to one’s mind
(想起)
, turn
out
(证明是)
,
come about
(发生)
,
break out
(爆发)
, belong
to
(属于)等,本身表被动含义,所以
它们常用主动形式。
The
first textbooks written for teaching English as a
foreign language came out in the
18th century.
Suddenly an idea came to his mind.
It never occurred to me to phone you.
21
.
Don’t worry. The hard work that you
do now _____ later in life.
A
.
will
be repaid
C
.
has been repaid
【答案】
A
【解析】
试题解析:考查时态辨析。根据句子末尾出现的时间状语
later in life
意为在以后的生活
中,可以判断为将来时态,此处要注意的是不要被前文的
now
混淆
,
that you do now
在句
中充当
the hard work
的定语成分,与句子时态无关。故此处为将来时态。句意:不要担
心,你现在付出的努力在以后
一定会有所回报。故选
A
。
考点:考查时态辨析。
B
.
was being repaid
D
.
was repaid
22
.
A
number of foreigners______ to watch the
70
th
anniversary of the founding of the
PRC on
Oct.1
A
.
Attracted
C
.
was attracted
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意:
10月
1
日,一些外国人被吸引来观看中华人民共和国成立
70
周年纪念活动
。分析句子可知,
attract
是谓语动词,由时间状语
on Oct.1
可知,用一般过
去时,主语
foreigners
与
attract
是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语
foreigners
是复数,故选
D
。
B
.
have attracted
D
.
were attracted
23
.
They are trying to make sure that
5G terminals ________ by 2022 for the Beijing
Winter
Olympics.
A
.
will
install
【答案】
B
B
.
will
have been installed
D
.
have been
installed
C
.
are
installed
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态
和语态。句意:他们正努力确保在
2022
年北京冬奥会之前安装
5G
终端。
表示在
将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作,用将来完成时;
“5G
终端”
和
“
安装
”
之间是
被动关系,用被动语态,故选B
。
24
.
In the 1980s in
this village, there were only muddy roads to the
outside, and concrete ones
________ yet.
A
.
haven’t built
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态及语态。句意:在
20
世纪
80
年代,这个村庄只有泥泞的道路通往外面,混
凝土的道路还没有建成
。根据语境可知,
“
混凝土的道路还没有建
”
表示的动作发生在
“t
here
were only muddy roads”
这一过去的动作之前,属于
“
过去的过去
”
,应使用过去完成时;
build
与
co
ncrete ones
是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态。故选
D
。
B
.
haven’t been built C
.
hadn’t
built D
.
hadn’t been built
25
.
As is expected, it will be not long
before our domestically built aircraft Carriers
_____ into
operation.
A
.
will
be put
C
.
will have been put
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意
:
按照预计,在不久的将来,我们国内制造的航母就会投入
使用。
时间状语从句中使用主将从现,如果主句是一般将来时
,
从句用一般现在时替代
一般将来
时。
before
是从句要用一般现在时。投入和主语是被动关系。故选B
。
B
.
are put
D
.
have been put
26
.
New energy-sharing projects _____
in dozens of cities across the country to fuel
China’s
sharing economy in the next few
years.
A
.
are to carry out
C
.
were carried out
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态及语态。句意:新的能源共享项目正
在全国数十个城市开展,目的是给中国未来
几年的经济提供动力。根据语境可知,表示新的能源共享项目
正在城市中开展实施,才能
给中国的经济提供动力。要用现在进行时。
New energy-
sharing projects
与动词
carry
out
是
被动关系,因此要用现在进行时的被动语态。
A. are to
carry out
一般将来时的被动,表示
B
.
are being
carried out
D
.
will have been
carried out
将实施,
B. are being
carried out
一般现在时的被动,表示正在被实施,
C. were
carried out
表示动作发生在过去,一般过去时的被动;
D. will have
been carried out
将来完成时的被
动。故选
B
。
27
.
Beijing's new international
airport ________ into use in September, 2019,
according to the
spokesperson.
A
.
was put
C
.
has put
【答案】
D
【解析】
试题分析:考查时态和语态。句意
:按照发言人所说,北京的新国际机场将在
2019
年投入
使用。根据句意可知,用一
般将来时态的被动语态。故选
D
。
考点:考查时态和语态
B
.
will put
D
.
will be
put
28
.
The accident which
left 15 people on board dead ________ if both the
angry female
passenger and the bus driver had
kept calm.
A
.
should have avoided
C
.
could have avoided
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查
“
情态动词
+
完成式
”
。句意:如果愤怒的女乘客和巴士司机保持冷静,这起导致
15人
死亡的事故本来是可以避免的。
could have
done“
本来能做而没有做
”
,且句子主语
The
accide
nt
和谓语动词
avoid
之间是被动关系,结合句意可知答案为
D
。
【点睛】
情态动词
+ have
done
结构:
1.“must + have +
过去分词
”
表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只
用于肯定句。如:
It
must have rained last night,for the ground is
wet.
2.“can could + have +
过去分词
”<
br>表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。
can
和
could
一般用于否定句和疑问句,
could
的语气较
can
弱。如:
He
can't have finished the work so soon.
3.“may might + have +
过去分词
”
表示对已发生
的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,
might
的语气比
may
弱一点。
这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用
can
或
could
。如:<
br>They may not have known it beforehand.
4.“need + have +
过去分词
”
表示过去做了不必做或不需
要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多
余。如:
I needn't have bought
so much wine—only five people came.
5.“should ought to + have +
过去分词
”
表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该
做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to
的语气比
should
强一些。如:
You
ought to should have studied harder.
你本应该更努力学习的
.
(但没有)
He oughtn't
to shouldn't have done that.
他本来就不该做那件事
.
(可是做了)
B
.
should be avoided
D
.
could have been avoided
6.“would
+
have
+
过
去分词
”
表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种
原因未做成,通常
用来说明某一情况,但不像用
should
或
ought
to
那样含有责备之意。
如:
I guess the poet
would have been about twenty when she wrote her
first poem.
Another worker wouldn't have
acted like that.
29
.
Commercial and recreational fishing
_______ population sizes and also made individuals
smaller, since big fish _______ and smaller
ones thrown back.
A
.
decreased;
kept
C
.
has decreased; keep
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查
时态和语态。句意:商业和休闲捕鱼减少了种群规模,也使个体变小,因为大鱼被保
留下来,小鱼被扔回
大海。结合句意第一空是强调现在的结果,用现在完成时态;第二空
是一般现在时态的被动语态,主语<
br>big
fish
与
keep
是被动关系,故答案为
D
。
B
.
had decreased; are kept
D
.
has decreased; are kept
30
.
----Have you telephoned your
father?
--- Yes, he back next
week.
A
.
is expected
C
.
will expect
【答案】
A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:
--
你给你的父亲打电话了吗
?—
是的,他有望明年回来。这里
sb be
expected to do
现在现在盼望明年回来,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,这里
he
应指的是
父亲。根
据句意故选
A
。
考点:考查动词时态及语态的用法。
B
.
expects
D
.
will be
expected
深重-什么是劳务费
elle中文-wittgenstein
桑间濮上-熙熙然怎么读
柝-cn是什么意思啊
耱怎么读-n1成绩查询
殷切的近义词-catchphrase
different的用法-左方之地
你会做什么英语-措手不及的意思
-
上一篇:被动语态讲解及练习附答案
下一篇:初中英语被动语态讲解(精心整理)