高中英语被动语态讲解与练习

被动语态 Passive Voice
一、被动语态的构成
动词 语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句中主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态有两种：主
动语态和被动 语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或行为的
对象。谓语动词为 主动语态的叫主动句，为被动语态的叫被动句。
1. 被动语态的基本构成形式

体
一般 进行 完成
时
现在
过去
将来










过去将来时： shouldwould be done
waswere going to be done
waswere about to be done
waswere to be to done
过去将来完成时： shouldwould have been done
2. 含情态动词的被动语态
情态动词+be+过去分词
练习：
1) Visitors ___________ (request) not to touch the exhibits.
2) All the preparations for the task_______________(complete), and we're ready to start.
3) Look, a new cinema _____________(build) here now．
4) I _____________ (give) ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5)By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ______________(complete) in Beijing.
6) A meeting ___________________(hold) when I was there.
7) Hundreds of job_____________ (lose) if the factory closes.
8) The news ____________________(send) to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9) The project ____________________(complete) before July.
10）He told me that his new clothes ____________________(make)very soon.
11）The baby ____________________(take care of) by the baby-sitter. 应该由保姆照顾
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
二. 主动语态与被动语态的转换
1. 主+谓+宾结构：
Rowling wrote Harry Potter. ___________________________________________.
The government supported the research. _____________________________________.
No one has ever beaten her at .
We didn’t notice anything special in his work. __________________________________.
2. 主+谓+间宾+直宾：
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
_____________________________________________.

My uncle bought me a new computer. ____ _________________________________________________.
________________ ______________________________________.
Our teacher offered us many suggestions to reduce .
__________________________________________.
注意: 加to或者for
She told me when the project would start. ______________________________________.
3. 主+谓+宾+宾补：
People call this team a cheer- leading squad. _____________________________________.
注意：在使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, look at, watch, notice,observe, hear,
listen to, feel,h elp等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结
构时，要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the .
4. 含有be going to do和be to do等结构（be只有一般现在时和一般过去时）
We are going to discuss the problem at the .
They are to show this new film on TV next week.
_____________________________________________.
5. 表示“据说，相信，认为，期待”等动词后含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句，如；
___ __________________________________________________ ___。
We know that he is the best dentist in the town.
____________________________________ ___________.
________________________________________________.
重点拓展：It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家
相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…
大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。
6. 祈使句变被动句
肯定祈使句：let+宾语+be+done
否定祈使句：don’t let+宾语+be+done；let+宾语+not+be+done
Move the desks into the passage. ____________________________________________.
Don’t throw rubbish everywhere. ____________________________________________.
7. 谓语为动词短语的情况：如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它
们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
They have put off the meeting till next .
When we got to the cinema, it had sold out all the .
8. 双重被动结构：指句 中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构，句子主语既是谓语动词的承受着又
是不定式动作的承受者。
They asked us to discuss the problem at once.
______________________________________________ _.
___________________________________________ _________________________________________.
Parents often ask their children to do too much homework.
______________________________________.
__ __________________________________________________ _________________________________.

三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1. 不及物动词的主动语态表被动意义。
（1）可用来表示主语内在“品质”“性能”的不及物动词：break，catch，clean，drive ，lock，
open，sell，read，write，wash等，常与well badlyeasilysmoothly搭配。
例 This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：The door won't lock． （指门本身有毛病）

The door won't be locked． （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）
（2）某些状态动词或不及物动词，在汉语中虽有被动意味，但英语中用主动形式，如：weigh，< br>measure，cost，spread，last，happen，break out，take place，consist of, come out, come about,
come across, get across, run out, give out, turn out等。
This wall measures 10 meters long.
The news that a famous singer would give a show spread quickly.
2. 系动词的主动语态表被动：look，feel，smell，taste， sound，prove，remain，stay，appear。
The music sounds comfortable.
This shirt feels much softer than that one.
四．非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
1. 不定式的主动表被动
a. 在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾 语又是动词不定式的
逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，e asy，fit，hard，
difficult，important，impossible，pl easant，interesting等。
This problem is difficult to work out .
b. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时， 又和句中另一名词或代词构成
主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．
试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted
With something to buy, she went to market.
I have a letter to write.
She has something to say.
c. 在be to do结构中如rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
Am I to blame
The house is to let.
2. 动名词的主动表被动。
a. 在need，want，require, deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当
于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。
b．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义 ，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟
动词不定式的被动形式。
3. 介词in, on, under, out of等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）,
under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）
in the charge of (在......掌管之下）， in use(在使用中), in print（在印刷中）
on show(展出)， on sale (待售)， out of control, out of sight
for sale, for rent, beyond belief, beyond our hope.
例The building is under construction( is being constructed).
重点拓展：被动形式表主动意义，某些动词+反身代词可变为被动结构表主动意义
如devote oneself to, dress oneself, seat oneself, amuse oneself, lose oneself, prepare
oneself for, concern oneself about......变为：
be devoted to, be hidden in, be buried in, be absorbed in , be lost, be seated in, be faced
with, be prepared for......

五、被动语态与系表结构的区别
当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表 结构时表示主语的特点或所处的
状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：
1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结
构。

例The glass is broken． ________
The glass was broken by the boy． _________
The teacher was pleased by her answer. ________
The teacher was pleased with her answer. _________
2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。
例The door is locked． _________
The door has alreadyjust been locked．_________
3．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可 以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词
be只有一般时态和完成时态。
例 The machine is being repaired．_______
Many kinds of art have been lost in the world. ________
4. 被动语态和系表结构中的修饰过去分词的副词有区别。
被动语态常用greatly等词修饰，系表结构常用very, quite, rather, too, so, more, most等。
例 I am greatly moved by his kindness.
I am very interested in taking the course you are offering.
六．练习
1. 改错
1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball．
2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university．
3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted
4)A fire was broken out last night．
5)He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before．
6)The large building that is now built will be a hospital．
7)His plan is sounded good．
8)Your coat needs being washed．
2. 填空
1) The pen _________ (write) very fast. 2) This kind of sweater _______ sells (sell) well.
3) Large numbers of plastic bags _________ (use) in the supermarkets every day.
4) Must the old people ___________ (speak) to politely
5) Her grandma was still alive when he __________(take) to the hospital.
6) English __________(speak) in many is spoken counties.
7) Three quarters of the world’s books are written (write) in English. ____________
8) All the students __________(ask)to bring a kite with them last Sunday.
9) Are many ways _______(try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees
10). —What are on show in the museum —Some photos _________(take)by American children.
11) The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, __________ (develop) and
perfected now.
12) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ (see)
whether they will enjoy it.
13) When and where to go for the on- salary holiday ________________(decide) yet.
14) The new suspension bridge ________________(design) by the end of last month.
15)When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____________(break).
16) --- What do you think of the book ---Oh, excellent. It's worth __________(read) a second
time.
17）That suit _______________ (cost) less than 60 dollars yesterday, but now its price is
increased.

七、被动语态与高考试题赏析
1． 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析
1). In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993)
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
解析 B 因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生 的情况，故用一般现
在时的被动语态。
2). This is Ted’s phone. We miss him a lot. He ___ trying to save a child in the
earthquake.(NMET2002)
A. killed B. is killed
C. was killed D. was killing
解析 C Ted是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动
语态。
3). ---- Have you moved into the new house
---- Not yet, the rooms _____. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are painting
C. are painted D. are being painting
解析 A “house”和“ paint”应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正
在油漆，所以要用现在进 行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。
4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet. （上海春2003）
A. are not decided B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided D. has not been decided
解析 D decide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人 ，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide
要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet，可判断 用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在
完成时的被动语态。
5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets
___.（上海春2001）
A. was booked B. had been booked
C. were booked D. have been booked
解析 B 句中ticke ts是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在
entered the office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。
2．高考对非谓语动词语态的考查
当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的
执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。
1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether
they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)
A. to see B. to be seen

C. seeing D. seen
解析 B 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉C、D
两项； 又因remains的逻辑主语it是动词see说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行”这件事，这
件 事有待于“被决定”，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。
2). While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___ into buying something they don’t
really need. （上海1996）
A. to persuaded B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
解析 C can’t help doing “禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顾客应是“被劝说”购物的，要
用动名词的被动语态。
3）. I feel it is your husband who ___ for the spoiled child. （上海2002）
A. is to blame B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed D. should blame
解析 A feel的宾语从句为强调句型，在be to do结构中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态
表示被动语态，如to blame， to let等。
【强化训练】
1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．
A． are not kept；will have to
B． are not kept；have
C． do not keep；will have to
D． do not keep；have to
2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected
now.
A. developed
B. have developed
C. are being developed
D. will have been developed
3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off．
--- Yes，it all depends on the weather．
A． I've been told B． I've told
C． I'm told D． I told
4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
A. has completed B. completes
C. has been completed D. is completed
5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth
in the near future.
A. cut B. are cut
C. are being cut D. had been cut
6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
A. has been designed
B. had been designed
C. was designed
D. would be designed
7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.
A. breaks B. has broken
C. was broken D. had been broken
8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place; have been set up
B. have taken place; have been set up

C. have taken place; have set up
D. were taken place; were set up
9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.
A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost
10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction.
--- What’s the pretty small house that __ for
A. is being built B. has been built
C. is built D. is building
Do you like the material
--- Yes, it ___ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt
C. feels D. is felt
12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．
A． write B． to write
C． to be written D． written
13. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you．
A． to type B． typing
C． to be typed D． typed
14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.
A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out
C. isn’t washed out D. isn’t washing out
15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.
A. be put up B. give in
C. be turned on D. go out
16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.
A. belongs B. are belonged to
C. belongs to D. belong to
17. --- What do you think of the book
---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___. A. catching B. to be caught
C. being caught D. to catch
19. This page needed ___ again.
A. being checked B. checked
C. to check D. to be checked
20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises
A. Having taught B. Having been taught
C. taught D. Teaching
key 1--5 ACADC 6--10 BCBDA
11--15 CBCAD 16--20 DCCDB
被动语态基础练习选择题
house_____,
A . is getting paint B . is getting painted C . is got painted D . has got to paint
arrived in Beijing,where he_____his friend .
A . was met by B . was met C . was meeting D . met by
war_____in 1937
A . was broken out B . had been broken out C . has broken out D . broke out

mistakes in the exercises will_____the teacher.
A . cross B . be crossing C . be crossed by D . cross by
brother and I have __________her birthday party.
A . been invited B . been invited for C . invited to D . been invited to
way
A . is had to do B . is had to be done C . had to be done D . has to do
way.
A used to do B . used to be done C . is used to do D . is used to doing
.
A . The child's name was called B . The child's name calls
C . The child calls D . The child is named
sports meeting____ .
A . is put off B . is to put off C . is to be put off D . puts off
realized she_________
A . was making fun of B . was made fun C . was being made fun of D . was being
made fun
say a thing in that way
A . It is considers wrong B . It is considered wrong
C . It is considered it's wrong D . It is consiedring wrong
ordered that the books_______at once.
A . would be printed B . would print C . be printed D . print
story______in ChinA .
A . was taken place B . was happened C . took place D . has been taken place
house_____my parents
A . is belong to B . belong to C . belongs to D . is belonged to
his teacher.
A . happened to see B . was happened to see C . happened to be seen D . was happened
to be seen
changes_____in our tall buildings.
A . have been taken place, have been set up
B . have taken place, have been set up
C . have been taken place, have been set up
D . were taken place, were set up
hall's____but it's not yet____with lamps.
A . furnished, finished B . been finished, been furnished
C . being finished, being furnished D . set up, full
new hall is the tallest building in this here
A . Can it see B . Can it be seen C . Can it seen D . Can see
soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_____.
A . had already taken off B . already took off
C . was already taking off D . was already taken off
20. Some of the hotels in my hometown_________.
A . have now been rebuilding B . are now rebuilding
C . are now being rebuilt D . are rebuilt now
21. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．
A . are not kept；will have to B . are not kept；have
C . do not keep；will have to D . do not keep；have to
22. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected
now.

A . developed B . have developed C . are being developed D . will have been
developed
23. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off． --- Yes，it all depends on the weather．
A . I've been told B . I've told C . I'm told D . I told
24. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
A . has completed B . completes C . has been completed D . is completed
25. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from
the earth in the near future.
A . cut B . are cut C . are being cut D . had been cut
26. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
A . has been designed B . had been designed
C . was designed D . would be designed
a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.
A . breaks B . has broken C . was broken D . had been broken
28. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A . have been taken place; have been set up B . have taken place; have been set up
C . have taken place; have set up D . were taken place; were set up
29. That suit __ over 60 dollars.
A . had costed B . costed C . is costed D . cost
30. --- Look! Everything here is under construction. --- What's the pretty small house
that __ for
A . is being built B . has been built C . is built D . is building
Do you like the material --- Yes, it ___ very soft.
A . is feeling B . felt C . feels D . is felt
32. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．
A . write B . to write C . to be written D . written
33. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you．
A . to type B . typing C . to be typed D . typed
34. Take care! Don't drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.
A . won't wash out B . won't be washed out
C . isn't washed out D . isn't washing out
35. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.
A . be put up B . give in C . be turned on D . go out
36. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.
A . belongs B . are belonged to C . belongs to D . belong to
37. --- What do you think of the book ---Oh, excellent. It's worth ___ a second time.
A . to read B . to be read C . reading D . being read
38. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
A . catching B . to be caught C . being caught D . to catch
39. This page needed ___ again.
A . being checked B . checked C . to check D . to be checked
40. ___ many times, the boy still didn't know how to do the exercises
A . Having taught B . Having been taught C . taught D . Teaching
Keys：
1 B2 A3 D 4 C5 D6 C7 B8 D9 A10 C11 B12 C13 C14 C15 C16 B17 B18 B19 A20 C 21 A22 C23 A24
D25 C26 B27 C28 B29 D30 A31 C32 B33 C34 A35 D36 D37 C38 C 39 D40 B