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(完整word)初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案

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2020-10-21 23:29
tags:被动语态讲解

马耳他英文-红颜的意思

2020年10月21日发(作者:庞维仁)



被动语态
一、 考点、热点回顾

【词汇辨析】
1. across, through 穿过

across指从一定范围的 一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面进行。常用于横穿街道、河流,穿过
桥梁等。eg:

They walk across the bridge. 他们步行走过了这座桥。
through 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过,动作是在物体内部进行。常用于门、窗户、森林等。
eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。
2. ill,sick“生病的”。
ill只在系动词后作表语 eg: Her mother was ill in bed.
sick 既可作表语 eg: Her mother was sick in bed.
也可作定语 eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother.
若ill作定语,译为“坏的,恶劣的”
eg: an ill person一个坏人
sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的,想吐的“
eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.
【固定搭配】
动词+ 名词 代词 副词+ 介词

make room for给.....腾出地方 eg: We can make room for her at this table.
play a joke on戏弄人;对人恶作剧 eg: We can’t play a joke on law.
speak highly of称赞 eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service.
say good bye to告别;告辞 eg: I don't want to say good bye to them.
take an active part in积极参加 eg: They take an active part in school activities.
take care of照顾;照料;注意 eg: Could you take care of my plants while I'm on vacation?
【被动语态】
(一)语态:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如:Many people speak Chinese.
谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
例如:Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。
(二)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数 和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现
出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken
一般过去时:was/were+spoken
一般将来时:will/shall be+spoken
现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken

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过去进行时:waswere being+spoken
现在完成时:have/has been+spoken
过去完成时:had been + spoken
(三)被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道是谁偷的)
This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主
动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:
All the people laughed at him. → He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. → The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.
(五)含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成
We can repair this watch in two days.
→This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once.
→It should be done at once.
(六)特殊情况
made the boy work for two hours yesterday.
→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
never lets me watch TV .
→I am never let to watch TV by mother.
gave Peter a Christmas present just now.
→(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.
→(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.
常见的句型结构:
It is(was)agreed(believeddecidedh opedthought......)that......大家同意(相信、决定、希望、认为)..... .
It is(was)well known that......众所周知
It is(was)taken for granted that......被视为当然
It must be remembered that......务必记住......

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It mustn’t be forgotten that......千万别忘记......
It is(was)said(reported, heard,told,suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、告知、建议..... .)

二、典型例题



( )1.The Olympic Games ___________every four years.
A are held B were held C.are holding D.will ho1d
( )2. In the art show,a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings.
A. is giving B is given C will give D has given
( )3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _________in. many schools around the world.
A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught
( )4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________as
A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards
( )5. Usually computers _________to search the Internet.
A. use B. are using C. are used D. used
( )6. --Do you often clean your classroom?
--Yes. Our classroom __________every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned
( )7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?
一Yes.In fact,it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around.
A. polluted B was polluted C has polluted D.was po11ute
( )8. --Our environment is getting worse than before.
--You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more and more useful things to
protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.
A. is started B. was started C. has started
( )9. ---I feel very happy that I ____to be the host. ---Congratulations!
A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen
( )10. Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year,and they made our school a beautiful garden.
A.plant B.planted C.have planted D.were planted
( ) famous paintings __________in the hall next week.
A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown
( )12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week .
A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives
( )13.---Great changes have taken place in this city.
---Right. Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days.
A. turned up B. put up C. shown up

D. fixed up
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( )-year-olds should not to drive in China.
A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed
( )15. —Do you often clean your classroom?
—Yes, our classroom ______ every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned

三、课后练习
( )1.—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.
–I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet.
A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told
( )2.Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear.
A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down
( )3.--- My watch ______.
--- Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found.
A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped
( )4.---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?
---No, I___________.
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite
( )5.-- How often ______ your school sports meeting ______?
-- Once a year.
A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold
( )6.On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _______ at the price of 30.36 million Hong
Kong dollars.
A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold
( )7.The
Festival Evening.
A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards
( )8.—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful.
—Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou.
A. painted B. were painting C. were painted D. had painted
( )9.---Don’t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:: “Rubbish into the dustbin.”
---Sorry.
A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown
( )10.The 29th 0lympic Games __in Beijing in 2008.
A.will hold B will be held C.hold
( )11. The girl was often heard happily in her room.

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A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings
( )12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.
A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build
( )13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.
A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build
( )14. The sick boy _________ to hospital by the police yesterday.
A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took
( )15. --It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.
--I think a bridge _________ over the river.
A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built
( )16. --David, turn off the TV________ no one is watching it.
--But it ________ off already! The music is from the radio.
A. so that, has been turned B. when, has turned
C. if, has been turned D. because, has turned
( )17. Usually John to school in his father’s beautiful car.
A. has taken B. is taking C. is taken D. has been taken
( )18. Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work _________ today.
A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done
( )19.-- Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!
--Yeah, it ________ nearly 800 years ago.
A. was building B. was built C. has built D. is built
( )20. Don’t discuss the problems with your partner unless you _________ to do so.
A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be asked

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典型例题
一般现在时
1A 。[解析]考查被动语态, 根据句意,“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时的被动语态,故排除了
B、C、D。
2[答案]B。[解析]本题考查被动语态,句中a lot of enjoyment是动作的承受 者。“在这次艺术展中,一些有趣的
东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。”
3[答案]D。[ 解析]考查被动语态。物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动
语态。
4[答案]A。[解析] 选用一般现在时态的被动语态,表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。
5[答案]C 。[解析]从句子看,电脑作主语,是动作的承受者,所以用被动语态,故选C。
6. [答案]C。[解析]考查被动语态物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性 ,不能用被动
语态。
一般过去时
1[答案]B。考查被动语态。物作主语,一般 要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动语态。
2[答案]B。 [解析]从句意 :“……自从‘地球日’开始以来,人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。”可
知,“地球日”的开 始,要用一般过去时的被动语态,其构成为was started故选B。
3. We ________into five groups to go to the old people's home. We did many things to cheer them up. [太原市]
A. divided B. are divided C. were divided
3[答案]C。[解析]本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及 语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一
句.”可推断,时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。
4C 5D
一般将来过去
1[答案]D。[解析] 本题综合考查时态和语态。 主语为“一些名画”,在此为动作“展出”的承受者,故应用被
动语态,时间状语为next week,是表示将来的时间状语,所以句子时态是一般将来时,所以D项正确。
2B

答案
B

答案:D。情态动词用于被动结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词。
答案为C。句中有every day,主语为our classroom,故要用一般现在时的被动语态。

【参考答案】
1.答案D 解析:依据句意:对不起,但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去,I 和tell之间是被动
关系。
2.答案B 解析:由题干时间next year 科知识将来时态,句子主语是old houses ,应用被动语态。故选B。
3.答案A 解析:由Let’s go to the Lost & Found.可知,说明表丢失了。故选
4.答案B 解析:由Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?可知陈述过去的动作的发生,I 和invite之间存在着被
动关系。故选B。
5.答案C 解析:How often+一般疑问句?此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作 的次数,表示“多
长时间一次”。往往针对频度副词如:always, seldom, usually, once a month, sometimes, every five minutes.等提问,
常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your school sports meeting 作主语,谓语应用被动语态。故选C。
6.答案D 解析:由On May 30th, ,可知动作发生在过去;其主语是one bowl与sell存在被动关系。
7.答案A 解析:依据题意: “千手观音” 被许多人认为是中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。 表示过去发
生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果,应用现在完成时。其主语是The hand
Guanyin,要用被动语态。故选A。
8.答案C 解析:they指代Those eggs of different colors,主语是物,故用被动语态。依据结构,应选C.。
9.答案D 解析:依据句意:垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命令”,句子主语是垃圾,应用被动语态。
10.答案B解析:考查一般将来时的被动语态。由in 2008可知是将来时,运动会应该是“被举行”,所以使用
一般将来时的被动语态:will +be+过去分词。
11选B。考查使役动词的被动语态。在主动语态中heard后用省略to的动 词不定式作宾语补足语,而在被动
语态中动词不定式符号to需补上。由关键信息was often heard可直接断定正确答案为B。
12选A。考查一般将来时的被动语态。由关键信息in the next term可知要用一般将来时,先排除B、C二项;

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另结合题意“据报道我们学校在下个学期有更多的教学楼被建造”可知要用被动语态,故舍D选A。
13选A
14选B。由时间状语yesterday可知本题要用一般过去时,先排除A、C 二项;另根据题意“那个生病的男孩被
警察送到了医院”可知要用被动语态,故舍D选B。
15选D
16选C。考查现在完成时的被动语态。结合题意“如果没有人看电视就关掉它” 可知第一个空是条件状语从句;
另由关键信息“The music is from the radio.”可知“(电视)已经关掉了”,要用现在完成时的被动语态,故正确
答案为C。
17选C
18选D。考查含情态动词的被动语态。由题意“今天的工作必须在今天被做完”可 知本题要用被动语态,先排
除A、B二项;结合题意可舍C选D。
19选B。考查一般过去时的被动语态。由时间状语nearly 800 years ago可知要 用一般过去时,先排除C、D二
项;另结合题意“它(古老的宫殿)在近800年前被建造的”可舍A选 B。
20选B


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