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被动语态 高中英语被动语态讲解

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2020-10-21 23:39
tags:被动语态讲解

老鸨的意思是什么-广州金贵村

2020年10月21日发(作者:石声泰)


高中英语被动语态讲解
一、被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+
过去 分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时
态的被动语态形式为:
1) amisare +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2) has have been done 现在完成时
例All the preparations for the task have
been completed, and we're ready to start.
3) amis are being done 现在进行时
例A new cinema is being built here.
4) waswere done 一般过去时
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I
should reject the offer.
5) had been done 过去完成时
例 By the end of last year, another new
gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6) waswere being done 过去进行时
例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7) shallwill be done
be going to be done
be about to be done be to be done一般将来时
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory
closes.
8) shouldwould be done
waswere going to be done
waswere about to be done
waswere to be done过去将来时
例The news would be sent to the soldier's
mother as soon as it arrived.
9) shallwill have been done 将来完成时(少用)
例The project will have been completed before July.
10) shouldwould have been done 过去将来完成时(少用)
例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very
soon.
11 )带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分
词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
12) 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成
时态) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
13) It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”
的动词如
believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等
可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”
或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。有:
It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道,It is
believed that…大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is well
known that…众所周知,It is thought that…大家认为,It is
suggested that…据建议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
(=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )

被动语态中的时态应与主动语态中的时态一致(见上面的例证)。
假如主动语态中 的时态是进行式,应特别注意;被动语态中的进
行式要用be-ing。例如:
主动句:Mr.Smith is writing a new story-book.史密斯先生正
写一本新故事。
被动句:A new stor-book is being written by Mr.Smith.新故事
正由史密斯先生来写。
主动句:The workers are repairing the
bridge.工人们正在修桥。
被动句:The bridge is being repaired by

主动句变为被动句
(一)主动语态变为被动语态,要把主动语态句中的宾语为为被
动语态句中的主语;主动句中的主语在被 动句中作介词“by”的宾
语,构成由“by”引起的短语(这个短语在不强调施动者时可以省
略);主动句中的主语也可作其他介词(如“in”)的宾语,构成
地点状语。例如:
主动句:My father wrote the book.我父亲写了这本书。
被动句:The book was written by my father.这本书是我父亲写的
主动句:Our village has built a plastic factory.我们村已经建了一
座塑料厂。
被动句:A plastic factory has been built in our village.一座塑料
厂在我们村建成了。
(二)如果主动语态句中有直接宾语和间接宾 语,变为被动语态
时,有两种变化:把指人的间接宾语作被动句中的主语,并将此
宾格人称代词 变为主格人称代词,而指物的直接宾语保留不变;
或将指物的直接宾语变为被动句中的主语,间接宾语保 留不变。
如果间接宾语作保留宾语,其前可用介词to。例如:
主动句:He gave me a dictionary.他给了我一本词典。
被动句:I was given a dictionary by him.
被动句:A dictionary was given(to)me by him.词典是他给我的。
主动句:He teaches us English.他教我们英语。
被动句:We are taught English by him.
被动句:English is taught(to)us by him.英语是他教我们的。
(三)如果主动语态句中的宾语是人称代词宾格,宾格补语是一
个名词的话,变为被动语态时,应把宾语改作主动句的主语,而
宾语补语保留不变。例如:
主动句:We made him our group leader.我们让他当了我们组长。
被动句:He was made our group leader.他被选为我们的组长。


主动句:They chose Mr.Li their doctor in 1987.1987年他们选李
先生当他的医生。
被动句:Mr.Li was chosen their doctor in 1987.1987年李先生被
选为他们的医生。
(三)带有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时,复合宾语的一部分
(宾语)成为主语,剩下的部分 (宾语补语)就成为主语补语,
它们多为不定式、分词,也可以是名词和形容词。在see,make,
feel,watch,hear,notice,help,have等动词后的复合宾语中,
如果宾语补语是动词不定式,则不定式to须省略。但在被动句中
作主语补语的不定式必须有to。例 如:
主动句:We saw him enter the classroom.我们看见他进了教室。
被动句:He was seen to enter the
classroom.他被看见走进了教室。
主动句:He made the boy sit down.他使那孩子坐下。
被动句:The boy was made to sit down.那孩子被迫坐下。

谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen,
last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true,
run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何出
来的呢?
2. 在need,want,req uire等词的后面,动名词用主动形
式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
3. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被 动含
义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被
动形式。
例The picture-book is well worth reading.
=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
4.某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等副词连用的不及物
动词如read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook, sell, lock,
open, shut等,且主语是非生命的名词或代词,用主动结构表
被动含义。 例如:
This kind of book sells well. The pen writes smoothly.
The cloth washes well. The poem reads smoothly.
The table doesn’t clean easily.
This kind of rice cooks more easily than that kind.
That door shuts well.
5. 主语+be+adj.+to do的结构中,动词不定式常用主
动结构表被动含义,这些表语形容词有hard, difficult, easy, fit,
necessary, dangerous, comfortable, heavy等。例:
The problem is hard to solve.
The chair is comfortable to sit on.
I find the water in the well fit to drink.
6. 有些系动词,如: taste, sound, prove, feel, look, smell,
remain, appear等,常用主动结构表示被动含义。例如:
The flower looks ugly.
What you said sounds reasonable.
The dish smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The story proved quite false. She remains silent.
This material feels soft.
7.有些不定式,如:to let, to blame, to rent, remain to do
等常用主动结构表示被动含义。 例如:
The taxi is to rent. Much remains to find.
Who is to blame for starting the fire?
The house is to let.
8. “主语+have has + 名词+ to do”结构,也用主动结构
表被动含义,此时主语与to do 存在逻辑上的主谓关系,to do
与宾语存在逻辑上的动宾关系。例如:
He has many problems to solve.
Mr. White has lots of things to do. I have a room to live in.
9.在too…to…和enough to do 结构中,不定式用主动形
式表示被动含义。例如:
The box is too heavy to carry.
The room is not big enough to have a meeting in.
10.在there be…句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语
时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在 人,用被动形式作定语,重
点在物。
例There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成
for us to lose; 用to be lost,谁 lost time不明确。)
11. 介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用, 含被动之义,其
意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。
1. “under +名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有:
under control(受控制),under treatment(在治疗中),
under repair(在修理中),under discussion(在讨论中),
under construction(在施工中)。
例The building is under construction( is being constructed).
2.“beyond+名词”结构,“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。
常见的有:
beyond belief (令人难以置信),beyond one’s reach(鞭长莫及),
beyond one’s control(无法控制, beyond our hope. 我们的
成功始料不及。
例The rumor is beyond belief(=can’t be believed).
3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超
过……、高于……”。
例His honest character is above all praise.=His honest
character cannot be praised enough.
4.“for+名词”结构,表示 “适于……、 为着……”。如:
for sale(出售), for rent(出租)等。
例That house is for sale.= That house is to be sold).
5.“in+名词”结构 ,表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见
的有:in print(在印刷中),in sight(在视野范围内),等。
例The book is not yet in print. (=is not yet printed)
6.“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事…… 中”。常见的有:
on sale(出售), on show(展出), on trial(受审)。
例Today some treasures are on show in the


museum (= are being showed).
7.“out of+名词”结构 ; 表示 “超出…… 之外“,常见
的有:
out of control (控制不了), out of sight (超出视线之外),
out of one’s reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。
例 The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled). 。
8.“within+名词”结构,“在……内、不超过……”。
例He took two days off within the teacher's permission.

被动语态与系表结构的区别
当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作;作
系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时,be后面的过去
分词是表语,相当于形容词。其区 分办法如下:
1.如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者,
该句一般为被动语态,否则为系表结构。
例The glass is broken. (系表结构)
The glass was broken by the boy. (被动语态)
2.如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语
态。
例The door is locked. (系表结构)
The door has alreadyjust been locked.(被动语态)
3.被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,还可以用于
其 他各种时态,而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完
成时态。
例 The machine is being repaired.

【强化训练】
1. If city noises ___ from increasing,people ____shout to be
heard even at dinner.
A. are not kept;will have to B. are not kept;have
C. do not keep;will have to D. do not keep;have to
2. The fifth generation computers, with
artificial intelligence, ____and perfected now.
A. developed B. have developed
C. are being developed D. will have been developed
3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off.
--- Yes,it all depends on the weather.
A. I've been told B. I've told
C. I'm told D. I told
4. I need one more stamp before my
collection ___.
A. has completed B. completes
C. has been completed D. is completed
5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed
that they will disappear from the earth in the near
future.
A. cut B. are cut
C. are being cut D. had been cut
6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed
C. was designed D. would be designed
7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it
____.
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken
8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of
factories ___.
A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have
taken place; have been set up
C. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up
9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.
A. had costed B. Costed C. is costed D. cost
10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction.
--- What’s the pretty small house that __ for?
A. is being built B. has been built
C. is built D. is building
11.--- Do you like the material?
--- Yes, it ___ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese.
A. write B. to write C. to be written D. written
13. I have no more letters ____ ,thank you.
A. to type B. Typing C. to be typed D. typed
14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __
easily.
A. won’t wash out B. won’t be washed out
C. isn’t washed out D. isn’t washing out
15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the
lights happened to ___.
A. be put up B. give in
C. be turned on D. go out
16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.
A. belongs B. are belonged to
C. belongs to D. belong to
17. --- What do you think of the book?
---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.
A. to read B. to be read
C. reading D. being read
18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
A. catching B. to be caught
C. being caught D. to catch
19. This page needed ___ again.
A. being checked B. checked
C. to check D. to be checked
20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the
exercises
A. Having taught B. Having been taught


C. taught D. Teaching
key 1--5 ACADC 6--10 BCBDA
11--15 CBCAD 16--20 DCCDB
被动语态基础练习选择题
house_____,
A . is getting paint B . is getting painted C . is got painted
D . has got to paint
arrived in Beijing,where he_____his friend .
A . was met by B . was met C . was meeting D . met by
war_____in 1937
A . was broken out B . had been broken out C . has
broken out D . broke out
mistakes in the exercises will_____the teacher.
A . cross B . be crossing C . be crossed by D . cross by
brother and I have __________her birthday party.
A . been invited B . been invited for C . invited to D .
been invited to
_______this way
A . is had to do B . is had to be done C . had to be done
D . has to do
__this way.
A used to do B . used to be done C . is used to do D . is
used to doing
8._____Chaplin.
A . The child's name was called B . The child's name calls
C . The child calls D . The child is named
sports meeting____ .
A . is put off B . is to put off C . is to be put off D . puts
off
realized she_________
A . was making fun of B . was made fun C . was being
made fun of D . was being made fun
11.______to say a thing in that way
A . It is considers wrong B . It is considered wrong
C . It is considered it's wrong D . It is consiedring wrong
ordered that the books_______at once.
A . would be printed B . would print C . be printed D .
print
story______in ChinA .
A . was taken place B . was happened C . took place D .
has been taken place
house_____my parents
A . is belong to B . belong to C . belongs to D . is
belonged to
_______by his teacher.
A . happened to see B . was happened to see C . happened
to be seen D . was happened to be seen
changes_____in our tall buildings.
A . have been taken place, have been set up
B . have taken place, have been set up
C . have been taken place, have been set up
D . were taken place, were set up
hall's____but it's not yet____with lamps.
A . furnished, finished B . been finished, been furnished
C . being finished, being furnished D . set up, full
new hall is the tallest building in this town._____from
here?
A . Can it see B . Can it be seen C . Can it seen D . Can
see
soon as we got to the airport,we found that the
plane_____.
A . had already taken off B . already took off
C . was already taking off D . was already taken off
20. Some of the hotels in my hometown_________.
A . have now been rebuilding B . are now rebuilding
C . are now being rebuilt D . are rebuilt now
21. If city noises ____ from increasing,people ____ shout to be
heard even at dinner.
A . are not kept;will have to B . are not kept;have
C . do not keep;will have to D . do not keep;have to
22. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,
are ____and perfected now.
A . developed B . have developed C . are being developed
D . will have been developed
23. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off. --- Yes,it
all depends on the weather.
A . I've been told B . I've told C . I'm told D . I told
24. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.
A . has completed B . completes C . has been completed
D . is completed
25. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will
disappear from
the earth in the near future.
A . cut B . are cut C . are being cut D . had been cut
26. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
A . has been designed B . had been designed
C . was designed D . would be designed
a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it
____.
A . breaks B . has broken C . was broken D . had been
broken
28. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A . have been taken place; have been set up B . have taken
place; have been set up
C . have taken place; have set up D . were taken place; were
set up
29. That suit __ over 60 dollars.


A . had costed B . costed C . is costed D . cost
the pretty small house that __ for?
A . is being built B . has been built C . is built D . is building
31.--- Do you like the material? --- Yes, it ___ very soft.
A . is feeling B . felt C . feels D . is felt
32. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese.
A . write B . to write C . to be written D . written
33. I have no more letters ____ ,thank you.
A . to type B . typing C . to be typed D . typed
34. Take care! Don't drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.
A . won't wash out B . won't be washed out
C . isn't washed out D . isn't washing out
30. --- Look! Everything here is under construction. --- What's
35. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.
A . be put up B . give in C . be turned on D . go out
36. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.
A . belongs B . are belonged to C . belongs to D . belong to
37. --- What do you think of the book? ---Oh, excellent. It's worth ___ a second time.
A . to read B . to be read C . reading D . being read
38. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
A . catching B . to be caught C . being caught D . to catch
39. This page needed ___ again.
A . being checked B . checked C . to check D . to be checked
40. ___ many times, the boy still didn't know how to do the exercises
A . Having taught B . Having been taught C . taught D . Teaching
Keys:
1 B2 A3 D 4 C5 D6 C7 B8 D9 A10 C11 B12 C13 C14 C15 C16 B17 B18 B19 A20 C 21 A22 C23 A24 D25 C26 B27 C28 B29 D30 A31
C32 B33 C34 A35 D36 D37 C38 C 39 D40 B

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