初中被动语态语法讲解——课堂教案

初中被动语态语法讲解
(一) 语态分类
英语动词有两种语态?，主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受
者。如：
They will build a new bridge over the river.(
A new bridge will be built over the river.( )
)
英语用：助动词be +及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上，动词的过去分词不变。
列表如下：
一般现在时： ______________ +done
一般过去时： ______________ +done
一般将来时： ________ + done
过去将来时： _________ + done
现在进行时： am is are + being + done

过去进行时： was were + being + done
现在完成时： _________ + done
过去完成时： had + bee n + done
将来完成时：shall will + have bee n + done
过去将来完成时：should would + have bee n + done
［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三) 常见的八种时态中的被动语态
1. 一般现在时：
(1) People grow rice in the south of the country.
Rice ______________ in the south of the coun try.
(2) The school does n't allow us to en ter the chemistry
without a teacher.
We _________ mistry lab without a
teacher.
2. 一般过去时:
(1) The stude nts did n't forget his less ons easily.

lab

His lessons _____________________
3. 一般将来时：
(1) They will send cars abroad by sea.
Cars ________________ . ____________
(2) They will give ple nty of jobs to school- leavers.
Plenty of jobs ______________ . ________
4. 现在完成时：
(1) Some one has told me the sports meeti ng might be put off.
I _________________ the sports meet ing
(2) He has brought his book here.
His book __________ here.
(四) 含有情态动词的被动语态：
might be put off.
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词 + be+及物动
词的过去分词”构成。
(1) You must hand in your compositi ons after class.
after class.
Your compositi ons （2）He can write a great many
letters with the computer.

A great many
letters ______________________ him. ____________
（五
）
被动语态的使用
1.
动作的执行者时，
往不用by短语。
当不知道或没有必要指出
常用被动语态，这时往
“ Mr. White, the cup __________ （ break） after class. ”
2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短 语。
These records were made by Joh n Denver.
The cup was broke n by Paul.
3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，
这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替by 短语。
These cars were made in Chi na.
be made of、 be made from （六）主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1
）
主语
My aunt in vited

me to her dinner party.
谓语 宾语

I

to her dinner
party.

主语
(2)

谓语 宾语
The school

set up a special class to help poor readers
in the school.

1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的 be + 过去分词，时态要与原 句保
持一致。
3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词 by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动 词之
后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态 中用in +
地点名词作状语。
（七）语态转换时所注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保 持一
致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer.
A new computer _________ . _________
2. 含有双宾语的主

动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为 主语，另一个不动，一
般变间接宾语为主语时比较多 .
V + sb sth = sb be V-ed sth
My un cle gave me a prese nt on my birthday.
I _______ hday.
如果把直接宾语
(
指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语
(
指人)前加
适当的介词，如上句还可以说：
A present ________ irthday.
注意：1. 一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：
bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise,
sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。
(1) The book ______ . (show)
(2) My bike her. (lend)
2. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 女口：
build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep,
make, order, paint, play, sing 等。