被动语态以及情态动词构成及用法详解

被动语态用法详解

TENSE
一般现在时
一般将来时
现在进行时
一般过去时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去进行时

主动语态
be+V.V.s
willbe going tobe (about)to+V.
amisare+
①waswere②
havehas+V.p.p
had+V.p.p
waswere+
被动语态
amisare+V
(p.p)
will
+V(p.p)
amisare+b
eing+V(p.p)
waswere+V(
p.p)
havehas+be
en+V(p.p)
had+been+V(
p.p)
waswere+be
be

ing+V(p.p)
情态动词 情态动词+V.
情态动词
+be+V(p.p)
被动语态牢记一点， be加动词过去分词。 分析句中主和谓， 承受者作主语即被动。
短语动词不可忘介、副词。 另有不及物动词， 只有主动无被动。 还要注意其时态，
与主动语态全相同。
不用被动语态的情况
1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）： appear, die（死
亡）,disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread,
stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比较： rise, fall, happen
是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
（错）The accident was happened last week.
（对）The accident happened last week.
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须 注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词
多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在 学习过程中多留意积累。
2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, have, hold, marry, own,
wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at in, shake hands with, succeed in,
suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to This key just fits
the lock.
3）系动词无被动语态（“keep”除外）： appear, be become, fall, feel, get,
grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.
4）带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream,
live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
（对）She likes to swim.
（错）To swim is liked by her.
有些动词可以带双宾语 在用于被动结构时，有些动词可以带双宾语。 在这种情况下，
主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时 ，
间接宾语前通常加上介词forto, etc.。 即：S+V+IO+
DO
→ IO+ be done +
DO
→
DO
+
be done + prep. +IO
We often hear him
play guitar
.
Heis often heard
toplay guitar.
→
It
is often heard
from
him
to play guitar.

新被动语态
Get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本

[1]

身。如： The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。 How did the
glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？
注意:
有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。例如
We heard him
sing
in his room just now. ---He was heard to sing in his room just
now. 刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。 need doing something也表示被动
怎样把主动语态改成被动语态？
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：
1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；
2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；
3. 主动语态的主语变为介词“by”的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词
之后。（有时“by ”的短语可以省略）；
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every
week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by
Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so
far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them
tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
被动语态的几种特殊用法
(1)主动形式表示被动意义
1)常见的这类动词有：“act，add up，clean，compare，count，coo k，draw，fill，
iron，keep，let，look，make up，milk，ki ll，open，photograph，prove，read，sell，
smoke，spoil ”等。
The window won’t open．(这扇窗户打不开。)
The cow milks well．(这头牛出奶率很高。)
Damp wood will not fire．(湿木不易燃烧。)
It turned out fine that day．(结果那天天气很好。)
How did his coat catch on a nail? (他的衣服怎么钩到钉子上了?)
2)实用动词“need／want／deserve／require +V-ing(动名词)”形式表示被动意义。
My hair needs cutting。．
The bike wants repairing．
It doesn’t deserve mentioning．
Hamlet is required reading for the course．(《哈姆雷特》为本课程指定读物。)
3)一些固定句型如：． haveget sth．(sb.)done，以及to be
under(in)+抽象名词等表示被动意义：

Beijing is a big city in China and worth visiting．(北京是中国的一个大城市，
值得浏览。)
Mr.．Wilson had his wallet stolen the day before yesterday．(威尔逊先生前天
丢了一个钱包)。
The bike is under(in)repair．(自行车正在修理中。)
This tape recorder is in use．(这种录音机正在使用中。)
4)一些不定式的主动态表示被动意义：
①There be句型：
There are a lot of things to do．
There is nothing to worry about．
②不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语，而句中的主语同时又不是不定式的逻辑主语
时：
I want some clothes to wash．
Do you have anything to say for yourself?
③不定式修饰buy，get，give等动词的直接宾语，而 句中的间接宾语又是不定式的逻
辑主语时：
His sister gave him a bike to ride．
My father get me a book to read．
5)少数动词的进行时，有时表示被动意义：
Her works are printing．
The drum is beating．
My new house is building．
(2)“It is+V-ed+that-??结构表示被动
常用的这类结构有：“it is said that?”(据说)；It is supposed that?(据推测)；
It is well known that?(众所周知)；It is believed that?(据信)；It is reported
that?(据报导)；It is hoped that?(人们希望)；It is generally considered that?
(有人认为)；1twill be seen that?(由此可以看出)；It must be admitted that?(必
须承认)；It must be pointed out that?(必须指出)”等。
It is believed／thought that this medicine works well．
It is estimated that a flight to Shanghai would take more than one hour．
It is often realized that women held a high social position in the Southern
European societies in the 10th and llth centuries．
(3) “get + p.p.(动词的过去分词)表示被动：
这种结构往往用来强调动作的结果，也可用来表示突然发生的 事态，或最终出现的某种
事实，是一种非正式语体。
The house is getting painted／repaired．
The building got damaged in the flood．
Thousands of soldiers got killed in the war．
As I passed by, my coat got caught on a nail．
[注]在下列句子中，不能使用“get + p.p. (动词的过去分词)”结构。
误：The stow got written by him．
正：The story Was writ．ten by him．

误：The conference got being held in London．
正：The conference is being held in London．
(4) 注意以下被动语态的几种情况
1)短语动词变为被动语态后，其后的介词或副词应紧随其后。
Frank was brought up by his aunt．
The babies are well looked after．
The meeting Was put off．
The salesman was put out by Mr.．Wilson’s question．
(威尔逊先生的问题把那位售货员惹火了。)
2)“Verb+宾语+宾补”变为被动语态后，宾语转化为主语，宾补转化为主补。
The wall Was painted white．(We painted the wal1 white．)
He is regarded as smart (We regarded him as smart．)
The house was found empty．(We found the house empty．)


考点一： 情态动词表示能力 1〃表现在的或一般的能力：
表示现在的或一般的能力用can或be able to，can比be able to使用得更普遍。can侧
重指有能力做某事；而be able to更强调通过努力、克服困难做成某事。
A computer can't think for itself；it must be told what to do.
He is a native speaker of English，
so he can of course speak English quite well.
2〃表示将来的能力：
表示将来能力用will be able to。
If you have a good sleep，you will be able to work out this problem. 如果你睡个
好觉，你就能做出这道题。 3〃表示过去的能力：
could表示过去一般的能力，即不表示做或未做某事；而was (were) able to do则表示过
去有能力并且成功地做了某事，相当于
managed to do somethingsucceeded in doing something。
考点二： 情态动词表示推测(可能性)
可能性可分为客观的(理论的)可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性。
1〃客观的(理论的)可能性指并不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事
物 的特征。can用于肯定句中表示客观的(理论的)可能性，can用于疑问及否定句中则表示
实际发生 的可能性。
The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it
can be very slow.
A left-luggage office is a place where bags can be left for a short
time，especially in a railway station.
2〃表示具体事情实际发生的可能性：
表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的层次比较见下表(依次递减)：

这些词后接动词原形是对现在事情的推测，后接完成式则表示对过去事情的推测；其中can ，
maymight，should，ought to，must有时还可接进行时表示对现在正在进行的事情的推测。
另外，can还可用于否定句 、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；而could
既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、 疑问句中；ought to和might表示推测时，并不一定表
示过去，而表示可能性弱于他们相应的现在时形式。
She might not be in the told me she would go to Shanghai.
她可能不在公司，她告诉过我要去上海。 Can he have gone to Wuhan? 他有可能去武汉了
吗？
What can he be doing at this moment? 这时候他会在做什
么？ She can't be telling a lie. 她不可能在说谎。
Your mother may be waiting for you to return home. 你妈妈可能正等着你回家呢。
They must be following us just a little behind us. 他们肯定在离我们不远处尾随着
我们。
You should be doing your exercises instead of watching TV. 现在你该做作业而不是
看电视。
考点三： 情态动词表示请求、允许、允诺
1〃 表示征求对方的意见或提出建议时，shall可以用于第一、第三人称的疑问句，will和
woul d用于第二人称的疑问句。分别构成：Shall Iweheshethey...？或
Will(Would)you(please)．..?
—What's the name?
— I spell that for you?
2〃couldwould可以用于疑问句表示请求，使语气更加委婉，但其回答语不能再用
c ouldwould来回答。
—Could I borrow your dictionary? —Yes，of course you can.
3〃shall也可用于第二、第三人称的肯定句和否定句中，表示说话者命令、警告、允诺或

威胁的语气；shall也可用于第二、第三人称表示法律、规定等。
—What does the sign over there read?
—“No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，
cigar or pipe in this area.”
4〃can和may都可表示许可，但can较随便，may更正式。 Can I use your computer? 我
用一下你的电脑可以吗？
May I have a look at your driving license please，sir? 先生，我可以看一下你的驾
照吗？ 考点四： 情态动词表示必要性
must常用来表示必要性，意为“必须”；should，ought to也可表示必要性，意为“ (义务
上)应该”，在语气上比must“必须”弱。表示现在或将来必须做某事用“must＋动词原 形”；
表示现在或将来不必做某事时，用don't have to或needn't加动词原形；表 示过去没必要
做某事时，分为两种情况：当表示过去没必要做某事，但事实上却做了，用
nee dn't have done sth.；当表示过去没必要做某事，而不涉及是否做，可用
didn't have to do或didn't need to do sth.或It was not necessary to do sth.等；
如表示禁止，则要用mustn't或shouldn't，意为“不应该”。
The boss has given everyone a special holiday，
so we needn't go to work tomorrow.
Johnny，you mustn't play with the knife；you may hurt yourself. 考点五： 情态动
词表示意愿
will和would都可 表示意志、意愿和决心；will还可表示现在的一种习惯、倾向或趋势；
而would则可表示过去反 复发生的动作或某种倾向；used to也表示“过去常常”，但它暗
含“现在不再”之意。
4
I will never do it again.
They asked us if we would do that again. Without water，fish will die.
During the vacation，he would visit me every week.
考点六： “情态动词＋have done”都表示对过去事情的推测或意愿。其具体用法见下表：

考点七： 情态动词的其他用法
1〃cannot but＋do sth.相当于have no choice but to do sth.或
can not choose but do sth.，表示“不得不，只好”。
2〃“maymight well＋动词原形”是一种常用结构，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于
to be very likely to。
He may well be proud of his son. 他大可为儿子感到自豪。
Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.
她的模样变化太大，你很可能认不出她了。
3〃“maymight as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于
had better do sth.。
You may as well do it at once. 你最好马上就做这件事。
We may as well stay where we are. 我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。

cannot(或never等否定词)与enough连用表示“再??也不为过”。
4〃may可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May we never forget each other. 愿我们彼此永不
相忘。 May you return in safety. 愿你平安归来。
5〃should可以用来表示惊讶、失望等情绪，意思是“竟然；竟然会”。
It seems so unfair this should happen to me. 它发生在我身上似乎很不公平。
6〃must表示“偏要、硬要”做某事，表示虽不情愿但也许可。 —How old are you，madam?
—If you must know.I'm twice my son's age. 7〃whyhow＋should结构表示说话人对
某事不 能理解、感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟会”。










7
Why should you be so late today? 你今天怎么来得这么晚？ How should I know? 我怎
么会知道？
8〃need和dare的用法
need和da re两者既可用作情态动词也可用作行为动词。作行为动词时，有人称和数的变化，
可用于肯定句、否定 句或疑问句，构成否定和疑问句时要加助动词do，does，did；作情态
动词时，没有人称和数的 变化(dare的过去式是dared)，直接接动词原形，多用于否定句和
疑问句中，构成否定句和疑 问句时不用加助动词。dare作行为动词用于否定句和疑问句时，
后面的to也可省略，dare还可 用于条件句中；need作行为动词时，还可表示“需要”，后
接动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。
He needn't go now.
＝He doesn't need to go now. He didn't dare(to)do that. ＝
He dared not do that. Your room needs cleaning.
＝Your room needs to be cleaned.