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各种时态的被动语态
一、八大时态的被动语态的构成以及含有情态动词的被动语态：
1
．一般现在时的被动语态构成：（
amisare +done
）如：
I am asked to study hard.
我被请求努力学习。
This shirt is washed once a week.
这件
T
恤一周洗一次。
These songs are
usually sung by boys.
这些歌曲通常是男生唱的。
2
．一般过去时的被动语态构成：（
waswere done
）如：
The soldier was killed, but the train was
saved.
这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。
Some notes
were passed up to the speaker.
有人给讲演者递上来一些纸条。
3
．一般将来时的被动语态构成：（
shallwill be
done
）如：
We shall be asked a lot of
strange questions.
我们将被问许多怪题。
My
son will be sent to school next September.
来年九月我将送我儿子去读书。
4
．过去将来时的被动语态构成：（
shouldwould be
done
）如：
The news would be sent to
him as soon as it arrived.
消息一到就会转给他的。
He told us that the new railway would be
built the next year.
他告诉我新铁路将在明年修建。
5
．现在完成时的被动语态构成：（
hashave been
done
）如：
The work has just been
finished.
工作刚刚结束。
The old rules
have been done away with by us.
旧规章已经被我们废除了。
6
．过去完成时的被动语态构成：（
had been done
）如：
By last December three ships had been built
by them.
到去年十二月底他们已建造了三艘
船。
100
tractors had been produced by the end of last
year.
在去年年底前生产了
100
辆拖拉机。
7
．现在进行时的被动语态构成：（
amisare being
done
）如：
The bridge is being
repaired.
桥梁正在修复中。
The new library is
being built by the workers.
新的图书馆正在被工人们建设中。
8
．过去进行时的被动语态构成：（
waswere being
done
）如：
A meeting was being held
when I was there.
我在时，会议在开着。
The
college was being built at this time last year.
去年这个时候这所大学正在建设中。
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9、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动
词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原
来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away.
It ought to be
taken away.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once
二、被动语态的用法：
1
．强调动作的承受者
(
有时用
by
短语来强调动作的执行者
)
：
Xiao Li was made monitor of the class.
小李被选为班长。
This work must be done by
you, and not by me.
这件工作必须由你做，而不是我来做。
2
．不知道或不必说出动作的执行者：
His bike was
stolen last night.
他的自行车昨晚被人偷走了。
Every year a lot os people are killed in the
traffic accidents.
每年都有许多人死于交通事故。
3
．为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己：
Everybody is expected to obey the following rules.
希望大家遵守以下规定。
You are friendly
invited to come to our English party at
8
：
00 p.m. tomorrow.
敬请您明天晚上
8
：
00
光临我们的英语晚会。
4
．动作的执行者是无生命的事物：
The house was
struck by lightning.
那房子被闪电所击中。
The
famous museum was practically ruined by the big
fire.
大火使这家著名的博物馆几乎全部毁坏。
5
．使句子连接自然或更加简洁、匀称。
The old
professor gave a lecture on American hisotry and
was well received.
这位老教授作了一个有关美国历史的讲座，受到大家的热烈欢迎。
The
book which had been lost was found and was
returned to the library.
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那本丢失的书找到后被还回到图书馆。
三、特殊情况下的被动语态：
1
．带情态动词的被动结构，其形式为：情态动词＋
be
＋过去分词，如：
This must be kept in mind.
我们必须把这个记在心里。
I ought to be
criticized for it.
我应该为此受到批评
.
2
．带双宾语的被动结构，习惯上把间宾提前，也可把直宾提前，但不要遗漏介
词：
I was given a toy at Christmas.
或
A
toy was given to me at Christmas.
父亲在圣诞节送我一个玩具。
He was offered some
assistance.
或
Some assistance was offered
to him.
他们向他提供一些帮助。
3
．带复合宾语的被动结构，只将宾语提前，宾补不动
（但
make,
see, hear
等宾补
省略的
to
，
变被动结构时要加
to
）。
The boy was
caught smoking a cigarette.
男孩被看到正在吸烟。
They were made to work day and night.
他们被迫黑天白天得工作。
四、被动语态与系表结构的区别：
被动语态与系表结构都是由
“be+
过去分词
”
来构成，其区别如下
：
1
．如果强调动作或句中有介词
by
引导出动作的执行者，该句
一般为被动语态，
否则为系表结构。
The glass is
broken
．玻璃杯碎了。（系表结构）
The glass was
broken by the boy
．
玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。（被动语态）
2
．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。
The
door is locked
．门锁上了。（系表结构）
The door
has alreadyjust been locked
．门已经被锁上了。（被动语态）
3
．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于进行或将来时态，而系
表结
构中的系动词
be
只有一般时态和完成时态。
The machine is being
repaired
．正在修理机器。（被动语态）
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A new school will be built
here
．将在这里建一所新学校。（被动语态）
被动语态练习题：
I
．主动语态和被动语态互变：
shall discuss the problem at tomorrow's meeting.
mother gave him a present for his birthday.
can hand in your homework tomorrow.
nurse is taking care of the sick man.
must
lock the door when you leave.
6.I was
made a new dress by aunt. A new dress was made for
me by aunt.
7. A picture was bought for me.
was heard to sing in his room just now.
9.A new public school will be set up here.
boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
一般将来时态的被动语态
一、一般将来时态的被动语态的基本结构的构成：
1
．一般将来时态的被动语态的肯定式为：
shall will + be +
done
。
(shall
用于第一人称；
will
用于各种人称
)
如：
We shall be punished if we break the rule.
如果我们违反规定，我们将要受到惩罚。
The new film will
be shown next Thursday.
这部新电影将在下周四上映。
2
．一般将来时态的被动语态的否定式为：
shall will + not + be
+
done.
（可缩写成
shan’t
或
won’t
）如：
The meeting won’t be held tomorrow.
明天不再举行会议。
The exhibition won’t be put
off till next week.
展览会将不会推迟到下周。
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3
．一般将来时态的被动语态的一般疑问句需将
shall will
提到
主语的前面。（回
答用
yes
或
no
）如：
Won’t water be turned into ice, it it is belwo
freezing?
如果气温在冰点之下，水难道不会变成冰吗？
---Will
the work be finished at once? ---Yes, it will.
---
这项工作会立刻被完成吗？
---
是的，立刻就完成。
4
．一般将来时态的被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词
+ shall
will + S + be + done
。如：
When will
these books be published?
这些书将在什么时候被出版？
Whom will this book be written by?
谁来写这本书？
二、一般将来时态的被动语态的其他结构构成：
1
．
be going to be done
Some old
buildings are going to be put down.
一些旧的楼房将被推倒。
The problem isn’t going to
be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
这个问题将不在明天的会议上被讨论。
---Are these trees
going to be cut down
？
---Yes
，
they
are.
---
这些树将被砍倒吗？
---
是的，将被砍倒
2
．
be to be done
The sports meet
is to be held on April 10.
运动会将于四月十日举行。
The machines are not to be repaired tonight.
今晚将不会修理这些机器。
---Are new textbooks to
be published next week
？
---No, they aren’t.
新教科书将在下周出版吗？不，不是。
三、一般将来时态的被动语态的用法：
1
．一般将来时态的被动语态的同它
的主动语态一样，强调表示根据计划或安排
将要发生的被动性动作。
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The new film
will be shown next Thursday.
这部新电影将在下周四上映。
A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing.
好多运动员将被邀请到北京来。
2
．在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般
现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被
动语态。如：
When the dam
is completed, the Changjiang River will be
controlled.
当大坝竣工时，长江将得到控制。
If I am
given enough time, I will go to Japan for my
holiday.
如果我有足够的时间，我将去日本度假。
3
．表示有固定性条件就有规律性被动结果。如：
Heated to 100·c
, water will be turned into steam.
加热到
100
度时，水将会变成蒸气。
If you speak
in class, you will be punished.
如果你在课堂上讲话，你将会被惩罚。
II.
主动句变被动句：
1. We shall discuss the question at the next
meeting.
2. I shall give you the book
tomorrow.
3. The chairman will ask us to
attend the meeting.
4. He will soon decide
when we shall have the meeting.
5. If the
weather permits, we will complete the works on
time.
6. If you give me more time, I’ll work
out the problem.