臃肿的意思-promote的名词
初中英语被动语态深度讲解
语态的基本概念和种类
语态是动词的一种形式,
用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态
是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种:
主动语态和被动语态。主语是
动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
如:They built the bridge.
? ?The bridge was
built by them.
(一) 被动语态的构成
(二)
被动语态由“助
动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数
和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以te
ach为例说明被
动语态在各种时态中的构成。
1一般现在时:am/is/are+taught
She often
watersthe flowers.
The flowers are often
watered by her’
English is spoken by lots
of people in the world
2一般过去时:was/were+taught
Waswere done
We visited a form
yesterday.
A form was visited yesterday by
us.
the cup was broken by the
boy.
He was saved at last.
My bike
was stolen,
Some new computers were stolen
last night.?
This book was published in
1981.? ???这本书出版于1981年
3一般将来时:will/shall
be+taught
Am is are going to be done
She will plant some trees this week.
some trees will be planted this week.
our
class is going to hold a party this morning.
A party is going to be held this evening by
our class
A new road will be built next
year
4现在进行时:am/is/are being+taught
过去进行时:was were being done
He is
reading a novel.
A novel is being
read
The problem was being discussed
now
The machine was being repaired at this
time yesterday.
5现在完成时:have/has
been+taught
歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面
We
have finished the work.
The work has
already been finished by us.
6情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点:情态动词+be+过去分词
He
can speak English
English can be spoken
by him
We should plant more trees on the
mountain
More trees should be planted on
the mountain
You must finished your
homework in time
your homework must be
finished finished in time
(三)主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项
歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动,be后“过
分”来使用。
(1)
通常的办法是:将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,将主动
结构中的谓语动词变为“be
get +过去分词”形式,将主动结构中的主
语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则
可以省略该by短
语)。如:
Li Lei planted the tree last
year.
→ The tree was planted by Li Lei
last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽
的。
Workers made the
machines in Changsha.
→ The machines were
made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。
(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被
动语态时,应将宾语变为被动结构的主
语,而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如:
He painted the door green yesterday. →The door
was painted green
yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。
注意:表示“使、让”的动词make, have等,以及感官动词see, watch,
observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等,感官动词或
使役动词的
主动语态后跟不带to不定式作宾语补足语,但变为被动语态时,须转为
带to不定
式。 如:
I saw a bag drop from the
bus.
→ A bag was seen to drop from the
bus.
Mother made her baby sleep in her
arms.
→ The baby was made to sleep in
her mother’s arms.
I saw him go into
the teachers’ office.
→He was seen to go
into the teachers’ office.
看见他进入了教师办公室。
We often hear her sing in the next room.
She is often heard to sing in the next
room.
The boss made them work for 16 hours
a day
They were msde to work for 16 hours
a days by the boss
(3)
带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时,既可将直接宾语变为被动语态
的主语,而在间接宾语前加to 或fo
r留在动词之后;也可将间接宾语变
为被动结构的主语,而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用
法。
如:
He gave me the pen last year.
→I was given the pen last year.
The pen was given to me last year.
这支笔是去年给我的。
He bought me a book
=a
book was bought for me by him
直接宾语和间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语。如:
Mr.
Smith gave us a lecture.
→ We were given
a lecture by Mr. Smith.
或 ---A lecture
was given by Mr. Smith.
当句中含有return,
write, find,
buy等动词时,常把直接宾语转为
被动语态的主语,同时要注意介词的搭配。 如:
I returned him
the book.
→ The book was returned to
him. (注意用to)
He wrote me a short note.
→ A short note was written to me.(注意用to)
He found me an umbrella.
→ An
umbrella was found for me. (注意用for)
I bought her some
flowers.
→ Some flowers were bought for
her. (注意用for)
【说明】一般说来,间接宾语前带to的动词有:bring, give, hand, lend,
offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach,
tell, write, throw等;
间接宾语前带for的动词有:book, buy,
call, cook, do, get, make, save
等。
(4)
动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know,
report, say,
suppose, think等的被动语态,常有两种结构形式。如:
He was said to get hurt in the car accident.
人们说他在车祸中受
伤了。
It was said that he got hurt
in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸
中受伤了。
(5) 短语动词
变被动语态时,短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略,短语
动词应当看作一个整体。如:
She has never been operated on before.
她从未动过手术。
The baby was looked after by her
sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。
His plan was
laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。
We
can’t look down upon anybody.
→ Anybody
can’t be looked down upon.
The
doorkeeper turns off the lights at 11 pm every
day.
→ The lights are turned off at 11
pm by the doorkeeper every
day.
The
nurse is taking care of the sick man.
→ The sick man is being taken care of by the
nurse.
(6)动词不定式的被动语态:即把to do 变成to be done
(五)不用被动语态的情况
1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:
appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen,
last, lie, remain, sit,
spread, stand ,break
out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose
heart, take place.
如,After the fire, very
little remained of my house.
比较:
rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。
(错) The price has been risen.
(对) The price
has risen.
(错) The accident was happened
last week.
(对) The accident happened last
week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
(错)
Please seat.
(对) Please be
seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及
物
的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习
过程中多留意积累。
2)动词形式上是被动的,但实际上是“系动词+表语”结构,一般学习方
法是靠平时积累。<
br>
如:He is seated at the desk. 他坐在桌旁。
The boy was lost in the street. 男孩在街上迷路了。
The girl is dressed in a
red skirt. 这个女孩穿着红裙子。
He was drunk in
the bar. 他在酒吧喝醉了。
My dream is gone
with the wind. 我的梦随风而去了。
3)当break,
wash, sell, burn, read, clean, run, ride, wear,
write,
open, close等动词有状语修饰时,用主动形式表示被动意义。
Glass breaks easily. 玻璃易碎。
The
cloth washes well. 这种布料很好洗。
This new
book sells well. 新书很畅销。
Dry
wood burns easily. 干柴易燃。
The letter
reads as follows. 信的内容如下。
The glass
cleans easily. 这些杯子易洗。
The new car runs
well. 这辆新车跑得很正常。
My new bike rides well.
我的新自行车很好骑。
The shoes wear long. 这种鞋子很耐穿。
The pen writes smoothly. 这笔写起来很流畅。
The shop opens at 9 am and closes at 9 pm
4) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost,
notice, watch agree with,
arrive at in, shake
hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen
to, take part in, walk into, belong to
如,This key just fits the lock.??
Your story
agrees with what had already been heard.??
5)
系动词无被动语态:
appear, be become, fall, feel, get,
grow, keep, look, remain, seem,
smell, sound,
stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.
The food looks nice but tastes bad .
Your pikan sounds good.
6)
带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态: die,
death,
dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream
last night.
7) 当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.
(错)
To swim is liked by her.
?二、复习时需要注意的要点
(1)由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤:
①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语;
②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态;
③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。
(2)主动语态句中的谓语动
词带有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语时,
转换方法有两种:
①把间接宾语转化为主语,保留直接宾语
②把直接宾语转化为主语,保留间接宾语。此时,一般需在间接宾语
前加适当的介词。
(3)在短语see sb. do sth. 中,动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。
改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动
词如see,
hear等,以及使役动词make, let等。
[小试]
用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
1. The Mid-Autumn
Festival _______(celebrate) in China .
2. I _______ (ask) by my mother not to touch
the dog yesterday.
3. Books of this kind
_______ (sell) very well.
4. —Have you
moved into the new house?
—Not yet, the
room _______ (paint).
5. The boy _______
(bring up) in the countryside.
6. A good
job _______ me last year. (offer)
初中英语被动语态专项练习
( ) 1 The People's
Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was
found
( ) 2 English ____ in . speaks B.
are spoken C. is speaking D.
is spoken
( )3 This English song___ by the girls after
class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is
often sang D. is often sung
( ) 4 This
kind of car ___ in , makes B. made C. is making D.
is
made
( ) 5 New computers ___ all
over the world.
A. is used B. are using C.
are used D. have used
( ) 6 Our
room must ___ . keep B. be kept C. to be kept D.
to keep
( ) 7 -I'd like to buy that 'm
sorry. ___.
A. it sold B. it's selling
C. It's been sold D. it had been sold
(
)8A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built
D. be building
( ) 9 The key ___ on the
table when I leave.
A. was left B ill be
left C. is left D. has been left
( ) 10
Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A.
need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
( )11 His new book___ next month. A. will be
published B. is
publishing
C. is
being published D. has been published
(
) 12 Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is
not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not
speaking
( ) 13 These papers ___ yet. A.
have not written B. have not
been
written
C. has not written D. has not
been written
( ) 14 The sports meet ___
be held until next week.
A. didn't B.
won't C. isn't D. doesn't
( ) 15
-My shoes are worn out.
A. Can't they be
mended? B. Let me have a look at it.
C.
How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?
( ) 16 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I
badly need it.
A. Does B. Has C. Is D.
Are
( ) 17___ these desks be needed?
A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
( )
18 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?
A.
didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting
held
C. wasn't held a meeting D. a
meeting wasn't held
( ) 19 Who was the
book___?
A. write B. wrote C. written D.
written by
( ) 20 Where ___ these boxes
A. was B. were C. is D. am
( )21 The
flowers ___ often.
A. must be water B.
must be watered C. must watered D. must water
( ) 22 The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D.
borrow
( ) 23 The broken bike____ here by
Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended
C. can be mend D. can be mended
( ) 24
The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt
C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to
rebuilt
( ) 25 The play ___ at the
theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be
shown B. will shownC. will show D. is shown
( ) 26 The old stone bridge ___ next
week.
going to be rebuilt B. will be
rebuild
C. are going to be rebuilt D.
will rebuild
( )27Now these magazines___
in the library for a long time.
A. have
kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have
been
kept
( ) 28The pot ___ for ___
hot water.
; keeping B. was used; keeping
C. is used; to keep D. are
used; keep
( )29Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will
grow
( ) 30 The bridges___ two years . is
built B. built C. were built
D. was built
( ) 31 Wet clothes are often ___ up
near a fire in rainy weather.
A. hang B.
hanged C. hanging D. hung
( )32 The river
smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into
it.
A. be stopped to throw B. be
stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw
D. stop from throwing
( ) 33 The teapot
___ water. A. is filled with B. filled of C.
fulling of D. filled
( ) 34Old
people must be looked after well and ___
politely.
A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D.
spoken to
( ) 35 Old people must ___.
A. look after well B. be looked well
after
C. looked well after D. be looked
after well
( ) 36 Newly-born babies___in
hospital.
A. are taken good care B. are
taken good care of
C. take good care of
D. take good care
( )37 They were___ at
the sudden noise.
A. frightening B.
frightened C. frighten D. frightens
( )
38These walls___stone.
made
of B. made of C. are made into D. made into
( ) 39 Jane ___ to sing us an American song
last Saturday.
A. called B. was asked C.
told D. was said
( )40 The papers ___ to
them. A. were shown B. show C. shown D.
have
shown
( ) 41 The coat ___her sister.
A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D.
was made to
( ) 42 I___ five minutes to
decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave
B. was giving C. had given D. was given
(
) 43 Good care____such things. A. should take of
B. should
be taken
C. should be taking
D. should be taken of
( ) 44She
will____good care____.
A. take; of B. be
taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of
you
( )45The teacher made him___ his
homework.
A. to do B. do C. did D.
done
( ) 46 The boy___ streets without
pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean
B. made clean C. made to clean D. was
made
clean
( ) 47 These
children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were
seen for C. were seen D. saw to
( ) 48
These stones ___ well. A. are fitted B. fit C.
fit D. is
fitted
( )49 The bike ___
500 yuan.
A. was cost B. costed C.
cost D. is costed
( )50 The important
meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was had B. was held C. held D. had
( ) 51 Great changes___ in the past ten years
in China.
A. took place B. have taken
place C. were taking place D.
hadtaken
place
( ) 52 You can't use the computer,
it____.
A. was broken down B. is wrong C.
is bad D. has broken down
( ) 53 Great
changes___in our country during the past 20
years.
happened B. happened
C.
have been happened D. were happened
( )
55 The watch has often ___ down. A. sat B. lain
C. broken
D. fell
( ) 56 Please pass
me another cup. This one___.
A. is
broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
(
) 57 The story books___ by the writer in the
1960s.
A. are written B. were written C.
are writing D. were writing
( ) 58 What
time ___ the door ___ every day?
A. does;
closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. close
( )59 Can he___himself? A. get dress B. get
dressed C. gets dressed
D. instead of
( )60 He fell from his bike and . is hurt B.
gets hurt C. got hurt
D. hurt
Key:
1. is celebrated
2. was asked 3. sell
4. is being
painted 5. was brought up
6. was
offered to
1---5 BDDDC 6—10 BCBBC
11---15AABBA 16--20BABDB
21---25BADAA
26---30ADBBC 31---35DBADD 36---40BBABA 41
---45CDDBB
46----50AAACB 51---55DDACA 56
---60BCBCC
?
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