2020中考初中英语被动语态讲解(精心整理)

中考初中英语被动语态讲解（精心整理）
? 定义

语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被
动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。

? 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词

? 被动语态的时态：

“主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的
时态保持一致。请看下表：

时态
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
现在进行时
现在完成时
被动结构
amisare+过去分词
waswere+过去分词
willshall be+过去分词
amisare being+过去分词
havehas been+过去分词
含情态动词 canmaymust... be+过去分词

? 主动语态变被动语态的方法

第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。
第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主
格。
第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”， 时态
不变。
第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行
者时，“by +宾语”在句中常省略。)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。

请对比下面的主动句和被动句：
主动语态：They(主语) grow(谓语) tea(宾语) in the southeast of China.
被动语态：Tea(主语) is grown(谓语) by them in the southeast of China.

随堂演练（把下列句型改为被动句）
writes a letter every week.
→
Lei mended the broken bike this morning.
→
grow trees every spring.
→
mother cleans our room every morning.
→

补充：
①S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可 把其中一个宾语变为被动
语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语，需根据习惯在原间宾语前加上介词to或
for 。
用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, bring …….
用for的常见词有：design, choose, sing, buy, get, cook ……
1. Mary gave him some books.
He was given some books by Mary.
Some books were given to him by Mary.
2. Her father bought her a new bike.
She was bought a new bike by her father.
A new bike was bought for her by her father.





随堂演练：
（1）He gave me a book.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)
（2）My father bought me a new bike.
→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)
→____________________________________ (直接宾语作主语)

②S+ V+ O+ OC带复 合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的结构变为被动语态时，只能
将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可 变为主语。
call him Gina.
→ He is called Gina (by us).
made me happy.
→I was made happy (by them).
asked me to come here.
→I was asked to come here (by him)

补充：
在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，需将to补上。使役动词let除外。

使役动词和感官动词有：一感（feel）, 二听（hear，listen to）,三让（make, have,
let）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）
I saw him play football on the playground just now.
→He was seen to play football on the playground by me.

随堂演练：
1. We saw them _______(play) football.
They _______ _______ ______ _______ football.
2. We often hear her _______(sing) in English.
She_____ often _____ _____ ____ in English.

另：see, hear 后接doing作宾补时, 在变为被动语态时不加to。
I can hear him singing.
He ________ _______ ______ _______.




? 被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句

被动语态的否定句构成须在第一个助动词后加not。
被动
语态
的否
定句
和疑
问句

否定
My homework has not been finished.
我的作业还没有完成。
一般疑
问句
被动语态的一般疑问句是将第一个助动词置于主语
之前。
Will the worker be sent away? 这个工人将被解聘
吗？

The photos were taken in Japan.
① (改为否定句)

②（改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答）

? 被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
My bike was stolen yesterday.
(2)强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。
The pen was used by my father.
【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise，com e，go，happen，
take place等，没有被动语态。

? 被动语态注意点
? 含“不及物动词+ 介词副词”（短语动词）的句子变成被动语态时，介词或
副词不能丢掉。
She took good care of her grandmother.
→Her grandmother was taken good care of by her.

随堂演练
often talk about that film.
That film is often talked ______.
looks after me very well.
I ________________________________.
3. The nurse took good care of the sick man.
The sick man __________________.

4. We should speak to the old people politely.
The old people should _______________politely.

? 主动形式表示被动意义. (强调动作自然发生，或事物本身性质)

a) 某些连系动词: look, smell, taste, feel, sound。主动形式表示被动意义。
The music ________(听起来) interesting.

b) 说明主语特征、状态的词。这类词通常主动表被动。
grow well , ,wash well , write well , sell well，read well, break easily ,hurt badly（疼
得厉害）

随堂演练
1. We grow rice every year. And it grows well.
2. The glass was broken by a boy. This kind of glass ______ easily.(容易碎)
3. The pen is sold here. It well . (写起来好)
4. That book is sold here. It _______________well. (卖得好) (读起来好)
5. The shirt is washed every day. And it _______well. (洗起来好)
6. I like eating the food. And it ______ well (吃起来好)
7. He _______by a car yesterday. Now, his head _________(疼)badly.

c) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，
通常主动表被动。

d) need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth（值得）后面，跟-ing的主动形式
表达被动意义。
need doing sth = need to be done
want doing sth = want to be done
require doing sth = require to be done
be worth doing sth 值得被做某事
My old bike needs repairing =My old bike needs to be required。
我的旧自行车需要修一下。

随堂演练
My clothes need ___________ (wash).
The book is worth ___________ (read) twice.
The house needs __________(repair).

? 表示动作自然发生的动词，如：appear, come out, happen, take place, die,
disappear, fall, break down, itch, rise, belong to

随堂演练
1. In summer, leaves ________(落下) .
2. His car ________(抛锚了)on the way here.
3. An accident _____(发生) and he _____(死了).
4. Great changes __________(发生) over the years.
5. A big cloud ________(出现) when the sun _______(消失).
6. Our teacher told us the sun ________(升起) in the east.


一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。

If you look at the top of your phone, you'll usually see a little symbol that says 3G or 4G.
The 代) of your mobile network. But the symbols will become
things of the past after 5G networks fully arrive.

On March 30, Shanghai vice-mayor Wu Qing made the first 5G video call on a Huawei
Mate X Smartphone. Shanghai has also become the first city in China to start testing 5G
networks.

About 100 times faster than 4G networks, 5G will let people download and upload
data(数据) faster than ever before. But 5G won't just bring faster mobile internet. People can use
it for many other things as well.

For example, 5G will help to make self-driving cars safer. Today's self-driving test cars have
one problem- lag(延迟). When the car 障碍物), it sends this information to a
data center and receives instructions, However, it will be some time before it sends and receives
this information. With this kind of lag, the cars might crash because they don't receive
instructions in time. With 5G, this lag will be greatly lowered, making the cars safer.

5G could also be used to power the internet of things (IoT), that is, a large online network
that connects all things and people. Fast internet speeds will be the key to developing this
technology.

The IoT could be used in a lot of ways. For example, with IoT, your refrigerator could
automatically (自动地) place an order online for eggs when it finds that there are no eggs left
inside.

（1）Which city was 5G tested for the first time?

A. Beijing. B. Shanghai. C. Shenzhen.

（2）What can we infer(推测) according to the passage?.

A. 5G is widely used in China now.

B. 5G networks will make our lives more convenient.

C. There are no symbols at the top of our phones.

（3）The writer uses self-driving cars as an example to .

A. explain how 5G's fast speed can be helpful

B. warn about the possible dangers of self-driving cars

C. explain how self- driving cars work

（4）What is IoT according to the passage?

A. A robot that can do housework.

B. An online store where you can buy anything.

C. A large online network that connects things and people.

（5）Which sentence is right according to the passage?

A. 5G will help us buy eggs quickly.

B. Robots can help us buy eggs online.

C. Our refrigerator can order eggs online for us.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

（5）C

【解析】 【分析】短文大意：当人们看手机上方的时候，会看到3G或者4G的小符号。
G代表手机网络的代。但 是，当5G网络全面覆盖时，这些符号将会成为过去时。3月30
日，上海市长吴清第一次使用华为Ma te X智能手机进行视频通话，上海成为中国进行第一
个测试5G的城市。5G将会在很多方面改善人 们的生活。

（1）细节理解题。根据 Shanghai has also become the first city in China to start testing 5G
networks。可知，上海是中国第一个进行5G测试的城市。故选B。

（2） 推理判断题。根据About 100 times faster than 4G networks， 5G will let people
download and upload data（数据） faster than ever before。 But 5G won't just bring faster
mobile internet。 People can use it for many other things well。可知，5G 的速度将会是4G的
100倍，人们下载或者上传数据都会快很多。而且，5G不仅仅是在移动网络上给 人们带来
快捷。在其他方面，人们也可以利用5G。由此可以推断出，5G将会使人们的生活便利很多。

故选B。

（3） 推理判断题。根据…With 5G， this lag will be greatly lowered， making the cars safer。
可知，5G可以大大减少问题延迟 ，从而使无人驾驶汽车更安全。作者通过这个例子来告诉
我们5G的告诉怎样起作用的。故选A。

（4）词义猜测题。根据5G could also be used to power the internet of things（IoT）， that
is， a large online network that connects all things and people。可知，IoT指的是把所有人和
物联系起来的一个巨大的在线网络。故选C。

（5）细节理解题。根据For example， with IoT， your refrigerator could automatically （自
动地 ） place an order online for eggs when it finds that there are no eggs left inside。可知，当
冰箱里没有鸡蛋时，冰箱可以自动在网上下单买鸡蛋。故选C。
< br>【点评】此题考查阅读理解。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案。而主观判断题考
查的是对文 章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一
层的推理等。通过语篇逻 辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。对
于词意猜测题。需要准确无误地理解上 下文，根据上下文的联系进行猜测。找出问题答案。


2．阅读理解

If you want to check where the nearest coffee shop to your home is, if you want to know
how to get to a place in your city, or if you want to see where in the world your foreign pen friend
lives, there's now a new free online map you can use.

Last month, China started its official online mapping service, Map World.
free online service users can fly over mountains and valleys around the world and search for
restaurants and traffic information across the country for free,
State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (SBSM). The bureau, which does China's surveying and
mapping work, is in charge of the Map World project.

Users can get into Map World through or and
search for 2- and 3-D images from across the world. The home page shows a view of the Great
Wall.

卫星) images taken
from 2006 to 2010,said Jiang Jie, director of the database department(数据库部门) under
SBSM.

The technology(技术) and website are still at an early stage. The images from inside
China are detailed. Users can see close pictures of roadsides. But the views of places outside
China are less clear.

Service providers have more than 80 machines, with the ability to deal with 10 million

requests (请求) daily, while Google Earth, Google's mapping service, has thousands of machines,
Jiang said.

更新) data about twice a year, but Google Earth can update
its information every couple of minutes, through satellites,

The bureau said it will continue developing Map World. At the same time, you can have a
try for yourself. Some users have given their opinions about the service after trying it. One
student in Beijing said that Map World even shows the small bookstore near her school.

（1）What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?

A. To show how valuable the service is.

B. To introduce the new online photo-map of China.

C. To show the importance of the new online photo-map.

D. To tell how popular the new online photo-map is in China.

（2）According to the Bureau, Map World_______.

A. only has images of China B. will need another two years to complete

C. needs further development D. begins with the Great Wall

（3）What disadvantages does Map World have, compared with Google Earth?

A. Information is updated much less often. B. It provided less clear images of places.

C. Its machines are less high technology. D. It only has black and white images.

（4）What is the passage probably taken from?

A. A notebook B. A guide book C. A story book D. A newspaper

【答案】 （1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】大意：上个月，中国 启动了官方的在线地图服务——世界地图。国家
测绘局局长徐德明表示：通过这项免费的在线服务，用户 可以飞越世界各地的山脉和山谷，
免费搜索全国各地的餐馆和交通信息。

（1）段落大意题。根据there's now a new free online map you can use.可知第一段主要
介绍新在线免费地图，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据 The technology(技术) and website are still at an early stage. The
images from inside China are detailed. Users can see close pictures of roadsides. But the views of
places outside China are less clear. The bureau said it will continue developing Map World.可知，
世界地图还需要进一步发展，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据 Our map service can update(更新) data about twice a year, but Google

Earth can update its information every couple of minutes, through satellites,可知，信息更新的频
率要低得多。故选A。

（4）推断题。本文主要介绍在线地图服务——世界地图，这篇文章应该等在报纸上，
故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住问题的
关键词， 在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。


3．阅读理解

This is a happy family. There are three people in it.

Hi! My name is Da Tou. I have a big head and two small hands. I
have two big eyes. I am wearing a yellow T-shirt. I have no brothers
or sisters. My parents love me very much.



This is my father. He is also my good friend. He has a small head
and two big hands. He wears a pair of glasses. He is a reporter(记者),
so he knows a lot. He often plays games with me.




This is my mother. She is a little fat. She often wears an apron. She
is good at cooking. She works in a shop near our house. My mother is
a kind woman.


（1）What does Da Tou look like?

A. He has a small head. B. He has two big hands.

C. He is wearing a green T-shirt. D. He has two big eyes.

（2）Da Tou's mother is good at ________________.

A. reading B. cooking C. writing D. playing games

（3）What does the word 意思) in Chinese?

A. 头饰 B. 围裙 C. 女性帽子 D. 眼镜

（4）What is Da Tou's father?

A. A worker B. A reporter C. A player D. A teacher

（5）What's the best title(标题) of the passage (文章)?

A. A good reporter. B. Da Tou and his friends. C. A happy boy. D. A happy family.

【答案】 （1）D

（2）B

（3）B

（4）B

（5）D

【解析】【分析】本文是作者家人介绍和自我介绍。

（1）细节题。根据 I have two big eyes ，可知大头长了2只大眼睛，故选D。

（2）细节题。根据 She is good at cooking，可知大头的妈妈擅长烹饪，故选B。

（3）词义猜测题。根据She often wears an apron. She is good at cooking她经常穿着......。她
擅长烹饪 ，可知，做饭穿的是围裙，故apron是围裙的意思，故选B。

（4）细节题。根据 He is a reporter ，可知大头的父亲是记者，故选B。

（5）主旨题。根据This is a happy family. There are three people in it 这是一个幸福的家庭。
里面有三个人，可知 A happy family适合做标题，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，和 主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找
答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全 文，了解大意之后找
出中心思想。


4．阅读理解

Great changes have taken place in family life because of science and industry(工业). In the
past, when most Americans lived on farms, the typical family had many children. In a farm family,
parents and their children often lived with grandparents. Usually, uncles and aunts lived nearby.
But when industry became more important than agriculture in American life, families became
smaller because industry requires workers who are ready and able to move off the land and
move again whenever necessary. And large families cannot move from place to place as smaller
families. So, at present people tend to have smaller families.

In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more
often than now, so families will be even smaller. The typical family may remain childless and
consist only of a man and a woman. A small number of families may take raising children as their
chief work. At the same time they may also raise other people's children, leaving those families
free to move from job to job.

（1）Which of the following topics is discussed in the passage?

A. The development of science and industry in America.

B. The influence of science and industry on American families.

C. Harmful effect of industrialization.

D. Social problems resulting from the highly-developed science and industry in America.

（2）What kinds of families are described in the passage?

A. Families of the past and the present. B. Families of the present and the future.

C. Families of the past and the future. D. Families of the past, the present and the future.

（3）What is one of the reasons that families are getting smaller in America?

A. Children tend to leave their parents and grandparents when they grow up.

B. People stop caring for children.

C. The need for workers who are able to move at any time has been increasing.

D. Both old and young people prefer to live by themselves.

（4）What can you infer from the passage?

A. Science and industry have caused thousands of families to split(破裂).

B. Children do not live with their parents or grandparents.

C. Large families can hardly survive in modern society.

D. Americans are very choosy about their jobs.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：由于工业的发展，家庭也受到了影响，原来的家庭孩子多，而
现在 的家庭孩子少，由于工业的发展家庭会总是搬动，有的家庭只有一个孩子或者没有孩子。

（1）细节理解题，根据 Great changes have taken place in family life because of science
and industry(工业). 可知家庭受到了科学和工业发展的影响，故答案是B。

（ 2）细节理解题，根据文章内容可知，短文涉及到了过去的家庭，现在的家庭和将来的家
庭，故答案是D 。

（3）细节理解题，根据In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be
required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller. 可知对于工人们
能够随时搬动的需求，所以家庭变得原来越小，故答案是C。

（4 ）逻辑推理题，根据文章内容可知，工人们可能会随时要搬家，大的家庭就没有这样的
便捷，所以大家庭 就不适于生存在现代的社会，故答案是C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和 逻辑推理题。细节理解题可以直接从文中寻
找答案；逻辑推理题需要结合具体语境，由已知内容推出未知 的可能的事实。


5．阅读理解

There are few families in the United States that do not have either a radio or a television set.
Both of them have become necessary parts of our daily life, keeping us Americans filled with the
news of the day, teaching us in many fields of interest, and making us happy with singing, dancing
and acting.

Marconi, the Italian inventor, who gave us the radio, probably didn't know how much his great
invention would have done for the world in the years to come. Radio had, perhaps done as much
as any other communication tool. Things of the world can be reported to people everywhere a
few seconds after they happen. Travellers in out-of-the-way places, ships at sea and even
astronauts around the Earth are able to keep in touch with each other by radio.

Television is another important invention. It lets us see as well as hear the actor. Since its
appearance, TV has done a great deal in the daily life of people everywhere. Many programmes
are now televised in colour.

Perhaps the most modern invention is a moving around the Earth. It makes it
possible for people all over the world to be closer than ever before. Now a family in Chicago can
watch a motorcar race in Italy, a table tennis competition in Beijing or a volleyball match in Japan
on TV as these events are actually happening!

（1）The passage tells us that in the USA have no radios or television sets.

A. a large number of homes B. all the families

C. a small number of families D. quite a few homes

（2）Why does the passage say radio and TV have become necessary parts of our daily life?

A. Because they have included nearly everything in our life.

B. Because man would not live happily without them.

C. Because they are the only ways to spread information.

D. Because no communication means no life.

（3）What is the use of a

A. To receive and store information only.

B. To move around the Earth just like the Moon.

C. To give light onto the Earth at night.

D. To help broadcast radio or TV information to the world.

（4）Who do you think the writer of the passage is？

A. An Italian. B. A Japanese. C. An American. D. A Chinese reporter.

【答案】 （1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了电视在美国生活中的重要性。

（1）细节题。根据There are few families in the United States that do not have either a radio or
a television set，可知在美国少数家庭没有收音机或电视机 ， 故选C。

（2）推理题。根据Both of them have become necessary parts of our daily life可知， 因为它
们几乎包含了我们生活中的一切所以广播和电视已 经成为我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部
分 ， 故选A。

（3）推理题。根据It makes it possible for people all over the world to be closer than ever
before这使得全世界的人比以往任何时候都更亲近可知Telstar 帮助向世界广播电台或电视
信息 ，故选D。

（4）推理题。根据keeping us Americans filled with the news of the day使我们美国人充满了
一天中的新闻可知作者是美国人，故选C。

【点评】考 查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断
题需要联系上下文，推断出 需要的信息。