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中考英语---谓语动词的语态专项讲解+练习
谓语动词的语态(1)
1. 你知道什么是语态吗?它分为几种呢?
语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系;
英语中的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
2.
主动语态和被动语态有什么区别呢?
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
情景一:被动语态的结构
● 主语 + be +
done(过去分词)
例1 He cleans the room every
weekend. (主动句)
The room is cleaned by him
every weekend. (被动句)
例2 Someone stole
his bike yesterday.
His bike was stolen by
someone yesterday.
【变化口诀】:宾变主来,主变宾;谓变be
done, 时不变;注意数格,抄其余;
从上面的例句中,你发现什么规律了吗?什么样的主动句才能变被动句?
只有及物动词 clean (the room); steal (his bike)
才具有被动语态;
情景二:被动语态的用法
●
不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
This desk is made
of wood. 这个桌子是木制的。
●
强调动作的承受者,而不是强调动作的执行者。
This book is
written by Luxun. 这本书是由鲁迅写的。
情景三:被动语态的时态
①一般现在时的被动语态:is am are +
及物动词的过去分词
* Our classroom is cleaned
every day.
* Knives are used for
cutting things.
② 一般过去时的被动语态:was were +
及物动词的过去分词
* A new shop was built last
year.
* Some trees were planted along the
river last month.
③ 一般将来时的被动语态:will+ be +
及物动词的过去分词
* A new hospital will be built
in our city.
* Many more trees will be
planted next year.
④ 现在完成时的被动语态:has have
+ been + 及物动词的过去分词
* This book has been
translated into many languages.
* Many
man-made satellites have been sent up into space
by many countries.
让我们来总结一下规律吧。
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:
①
先找出谓语动词;
② 再找出谓语动词后的宾语;
③
把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;
④ 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
下面我们来小试身手吧, 把下面的句子改为被动句。
1. Bruce
writes a letter every week.
___________________________________
2. Li
Lei mended the broken bike this morning.
___________________________________
3. He
has written two novels so far.
____________________________________
4.
They will plant ten trees tomorrow.
____________________________________
5.
You must lock the door when you leave.
____________________________________
6.
Lucy is writing a letter now.
____________________________________
答案:
1. A letter is written by Bruce
every week.
2. The broken bike was mended
by Li Lei this morning.
3. Two novels have
been written by him so far.
4. Ten trees
will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. The
door must be locked when you leave.
6. A
letter is being written by Lucy now.
谓语动词的语态(2)
1.你还记得上一节我们所讲的被动语态的结构?
被动语态的结构:be + 过去分词 ;其实我们还会用到 get + 过去分词
2.你知道这两种被动语态的区别吗?
“be +
过去分词”多用来表示状态;“get +
过去分词”多用来表示动作或动作的结果和逐渐变
化。
情景一:“be +
过去分词” 与 “get + 过去分词”的区别
young people are
married and they got married last year.
这些年轻人都已经成家了。他们是去年结婚的。
【解析】句中的are
married 表状态;got married 表示结婚的动作
tree is
broken and it got broken in the storm.
这棵树断了,是在暴风雨中被折断的。
【解析】句中的 is broken
表示状态和客观事实;got broken 表示被折断的动作
情景二:容易出错的被动语态
使役动词 make --- make sb do
sth, let --- let sb do sth 等
感官动词 see---
see sb do sth, watch--- watch sb do sth,hear ---
hear sb do sth 等,变成被动语
态时,注意!!!
1. We saw her play soccer on the playground.
(主动语态)
She was seen to play soccer on
the playground. (被动语态)
2. The boss made
us work until midnight yesterday. (主动语态)
We were made to work until midnight yesterday.
(被动语态)
3. We often hear Lily sing English
songs in her room. (主动语态)
Lily is
often heard to sing English songs in her room.
(被动语态)
情景三:不用被动语态的两种情况
●
系动词无被动语态 (taste, look, feel, smell,sound, remain
等)
This kinds of cake is tasted good.
× The sofa is felt very soft. ×
This kind of cake tastes good. √
The sofa feels very soft. √
●
不及物动词无被动语态
What was happened just now?
× The plane was disappeared in the
sky. ×
What happened just now? √
The plane disappeared in the sky. √
被动语态的综合练习题
1. When I ______ once
______ about my Chinese dream, I hoped all
children especially girls
received a good
education.
A. have; asked B. am;
asked C. was; asked D.
was; asking
2. --Can Mr. King spare some time for the
evening party?
--If he ______, he must
try his best to make it.
A. will be
invited B. is invited C. invites
D.
will invite
is an international
language that ______ all over the world.
A. is understand
was understand
B. understood C. understands D.
4.--Do you know when the Reader《朗读者》on CCTV 1
______ every week?
--Sure. At 8:10 every
Saturday evening.
A. will be held
D. is held
B. was held C.
held
5.--It’s 10 o’clock. I am afraid
that I can’t finish the report tonight.
--Don’t worry. You ______ plenty of time to do it
tomorrow.
A. give B. will give
D. were given
C. will be given
答案:
1. C ask me about
my Chinese dream 的被动,从主句中 hoped 可知是过去时的被动。
2. B invite him to the party
的被动,时态上符合主将从现,可知是一般现在时的被动。
3. A
understand language的被动,从主句的时态上判断,可知是一般现在时的被动。
4. D hold the Reader on CCTV 1 的被动, 从every
week 可知是一般现在时的被动。
5. C give you plenty
of time to do it 的被动,从 tomorrow上可知,是将来时的被动。
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2
.
诚信是中华民族的传统美德,也是社会主义核心价值观内容之一
。而你的朋友
Daming
最近却被诚信危机所困扰。上周末,他本来和
Lingli
ng
相约一起去电影院看电影,
但是他却因为在家复习考试,把这件事忘了,直到第二天才想起
来。因此,
Lingling
很生
气,并且不愿接受
Daming
的
道歉。
请你就此事给校报投稿,以
“The Importance of
Promise”
为题,内容要点如下:
1
、简述事件;
2
、谈谈自己的看法,并给
Daming
一些建议。
注意:
1
、词数
80—100
;
2
、行文连贯,逻辑合理;
3
、文中不能出现真实的校名和人名;
4
、文章的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
The
Importance of Promise
Dear editor,
People always emphasize
(强调)
the
importance of the promise, and they hate people
who
break their promise.
Promise is very important. Everyone
should keep it.
Yours,
Tony
【答案】
The Importance of Promise
Dear
editor,
People always
emphasize
(强调)
the importance of the
promise, and they hate people who
break their
promise.
Recently, a thing happened to my
friend, and I think it was really his fault. Last
weekend, my
friend Daming had a date with his
friend Lingling to watch a movie. But he totally
forgot it that
day because of his review for
his exam. So Lingling got too angry to forgive
him. In my opinion, it
was really his fault.
Forgetting the date not only led to Lingling’s
anger, but also made her lose
trust in
him. Keeping promises is always the traditional
virtue of the Chinese nation. What
Daming
should do now is to ask for forgiveness and
promise that he will never do that again.
Promise is very important. Everyone should
keep it.
Yours,
Tony
【解析】
【分析】
本文为一篇稿件,需要学生通过大明和玲玲之
间,大明没有信守承诺的事情,谈自己的看
法。信守承诺是中华民族的传统美德,在写作过程中,注意文
章结构,先写出大明和玲玲
之间的事情,然后再说自己对此的看法。
【详解】
首先,第一句话直接点明作者的观点,大明是犯错了的。然后仔细阐述了事
情发生的经
过。接下来说出自己对此事件的看法,不信守承诺会导致失去别人的信任,对大明的建议是除了认错之外,还需要再次保证永不再犯。
【点睛】
文章结构清晰
,符合逻辑,先表明自己观点,然后阐述事情,提出自己的观点和建议。整
篇文章在谋篇布局上,比较严
密。除此之外,中间也使用了一些连接词,例如
but
,
so
,
be
cause of
等,使文章更加通顺。
3
.
假如你是李华
,
你的美国笔友
Bill
给你发了一封电子邮件
,
想了解你的梦想职业。请认
真阅读下面的邮件
,
根据信中的内容和你的实际情况给他写封回信。
To: lihua@
china. com
From: bill006@ america. com
Subject: Your dream job
Dear Li
Hua,
Our teacher told us China is
developing fast. You are lucky enough to live in
China.
Would you please tell me about your
dream job in the future?
◆What is your
dream job?
◆ Why do you like the job?
◆ Do you think your personality is suitable
for the job? Why or why not?
◆ What do you
need to do for your dream job?
Drop a few
lines if you have time.
Best wishes,
Bill
要求
:1.
参考提示语
,
可适当发挥;
2.
语句通顺
,
意思连贯
,
书写工整;
3.
文中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等);
4.
词数
:
不少于
70
词(开头已给出
,
但不计入总词数)。
Dear Bill,
Thank you
for your letter. I am glad to tell you about my
dream job. ____________________
__________
__________________________________________________
___________________
___________________________
__________________________________________________
__
____________________________________________
___________________________________
___________
__________________________________________________
__________________
____________________________
__________________________________________________
_
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】例文
Thank you for your letter. I am glad
to tell you about my dream job. Teaching is my
dream job because I would like to share my
knowledge with my students and help them solve
problems. I am outgoing and helpful. I get on
well with children. Besides, the school's
environment appeals to me and staying with
students helps to keep me young and alive. To
realize my dream, I have to make full use of
spare time to acquire the essential knowledge and
enter a good university. What efforts are you
making for your dream?
Tell me about your
ideal job!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本题通过描写梦想中的职业,让学生对未来有憧憬,给一部分提示词,让学生有话可说。
【详解】
首先回答职业是教师。然后解释为什么喜欢该工作,因为可以把自己的知识
分享给孩子
们,并且喜欢学校的环境。为了实现自己的梦想,正在为此作出努力。最后向
Bil
l
提出问
题,结束全文。
【点睛】
本文首先开篇功能句
Thank you for your letter.
然后开
始主要内容,运用多种连接词,比如
because
,
Besides
,To realize my dream,
等使文章连贯性强,长短句结合,读起来朗朗上
口,不失为一篇佳作。
<
br>4
.假如你是班长李华,今天你们班对即将到来的暑假计划进行了讨论。你们班的外教
D
avid
对此很感兴趣。请你根据以下信息,给
David
写一封电子邮件,告诉他讨论的情况及
你自己本人的计划及原因。
比例
50%
30%
计划
去国内外旅游
多读一些书
原因
1.
放松
;2.
欣赏美景
1.
增长知识;
2.
培养兴趣
20%
你的计划
参加社会实践
? (
至少一个
)
1.
锻炼自己
;2.
结识朋友
?(请你补充)
注意:
(1)
邮件应包含所有要点
(2)
词数
80
个左右
(
开头和结尾已给出,不计入词数
)
;
(3)
不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息,否则不予评分
注:社会实践
social practice activities
Dear David
I'm writing to tell you
something about our discussion today.
____
__________________________________________________
_________________________
_____________________
__________________________________________________
________
______________________________________
_________________________________________
_____
__________________________________________________
________________________
Best wishes!
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear
David
I'm writing to tell you something
about our discussion today.
The students
have their own plans about how to spend a
meaningful summer vacation. Half of
the
students plan to travel at home and abroad. They
want to relax and enjoy the beautiful
scenery.
Thirty percent of students plan to read more
books. They believe that reading can
increase
knowledge. Reading books can make people smart and
develop interests. 20% of them
plan to take
part in social practice activities. They want to
exercise themselves and make new
friends.
I'm going to take part in social practice
activities, too. I want to learn something new and
get
good experience from these activities.
Best wishes!
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】
这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语,为文章增色不少,如
how to
do
,
spend a
meaningful summer
vacation
,
half of
,
plan to
do
,
travel at home and abroad
,
enjoy
the
beautiful scenery
,
take part
in
,
social practice activities
,
make
new friends
等。而非谓语动
词结构
The students
have their own plans about how to spend a
meaningful summer vacation.
Reading books can
make people smart and develop
interests.
和宾语从句
They believe that
reading can increase knowledge.
的运用,丰富了短文内容
,使表达多样化,是本文的亮点。
在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语,写作时就
可以适当引用,使文章表达更有逻
辑性,也更富有条理。
【点睛】
书面表达题既不是汉译英,也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理
后展开思维,
考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以,考生不能遗漏要点,要
尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短
语和句式,尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得
到较高的分数。
5
.
书面表达
暑假即将来临
,
对于如
何安排孩子初中毕业后的第一个假期
,
家长们和孩子自己有着各自的想
法。根据下表提
示
,
写一篇英语短文
,
描述他们的不同看法
,
同时发表你自
己对暑假安排的观
点。
Parents' opinions
Get ready for high school. Do some
housework…
Kid's opinions
Have a
good rest. Do some sightseeing…
Your
opinion
…
注意
]
(1)
表格中的观点仅供参考
,
允许适当发挥
;
(2)
开头已给出
,
不计入总词数
;
(3)
文中不得出现真实姓名和校名等信息
;
(4)
词数
:
不少于
80
。
How
will you spend the coming summer vacation? Parents
and kids have their own opinions.
_______
__________________________________________________
______________________
________________________
__________________________________________________
_____
_________________________________________
______________________________________
________
__________________________________________________
_____________________
_________________________
__________________________________________________
____
______________
【答案】
How will
you spend the coming summer vacation? Parents and
kids have their own
opinions.
Some
parents think kids should get ready for high
school in the sum?mer so it's important to take
summer courses. They also think kids can help
do housework to learn some life skills. But the
kids
disagree. They think it's time to take a
good rest. They need to hang out with their
friends to go
sightseeing.
In my
opinion we can have a talk with our parents. All
work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. We
need to relax ourselves after working
so hard at school. It's good for us to do some
sports.
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇给材料作
文,本文已经给出了主要写作要点,动笔前要先认真阅读要点,然后围
绕要点适当发挥.写作中,应注意
描述的全面性,尽量将提示的内容利用上;结合材料内
容,可知本文主要是第三人称,一般现在时态进行
叙述.语言的表述应该符合语法的结
构,造句应该符合英语的表达习惯.适当使用连词,做到上下文联系
紧密,符合逻辑关
系.
【点睛】
这篇短文用到了一些好的句型:
They also think kids can
help do housework to learn some life
skills.
But the kids disagree. They think it's time to
take a good rest. They need to hang out with
their friends to go
sightseeing.
这些给文章增色不少。
6
.假设你是
光明中学的学生李华,你正在参加
“
发现心灵最美的人,创建城市文明,争做
文明市民
”
活动,请根据以下汉语提示写一篇英文发言稿。
1.
上周三放学时,雨下得很大,于是在校门口打了一辆出租车;
2.
下车时由于匆忙把英语书落在车上;书上有你的姓名;
3.
到家发现书不见时,感到很焦急;
4.
幸运的是第二天早上,司机把书送到学校;
5.
当看到自己的书时,既开心又感动;
6.
你应该
……
你打算
将要
. …
参考词汇:感动
be
moved
幸运的是
fortunately
要求:
1.
词数:
80-100
;
2.
开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;
3.
要点齐全,行文连贯,可适当发挥。
Hello
,
everyone
!
I am Li Hua
from Guangming, Middle School.
Last
Wednesday
,
when I finished
school
,
it
was_________________________
______________________
【答案】
Hello
,
everyone
!
I am Li
Hua from Guangming Middle School.
Last
Wednesday
,
when I finished
school
,
it was raining
hard
(
1
)
.Then l took a taxi at the
school gate
(
2
)
.But I left my
English book in the taxi
(
3
)
because
l was in a hurry when L got
out of
it
(
4
)
.There was my name in my
book
(
5
)
.When l got home and found
my book gone.
I felt very worried and
sad
(
6
)
Fotunately
Luckily
,
the next morning
,
the kind-
hearted driver
sent it to my
school
(
7
)
.I was very happy and
moved
(
8
)
when I saw my book come
back. I
think I should learn from the
driver
(
9
)
.And I am going to set up
a lost and found website to
help the people
who need help
(
10
)
.
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇材料作文,根据提示中的相关信息介
绍一下你所正在参加
“
发现心灵最美的人,创
建城市文明,争做文明市
民
”
的这个活动。所提供的信息中列举了
1.
上周三放学时,雨下
得很大,于是在校门口打了一辆出租车;
2.
下车时由于匆忙把英语书落在车上;书上有你
的姓名;
3.
到家发现书不见时,感到很焦急;
4.
幸运的是第二天早上,司机把书送到学
校;
5.
当看到自己的书时,既开心又感动;
6.
你应该
……
你打算
将要
. …
;主要从这六个方<
br>面去介绍。时态为一般过去时,人称为第一人称。注意发作文中必须包含提示上的所有信
息,并适
当发挥。写作时,避免使用汉语式的英语,尽量使用我们熟悉的句子或短语。语
法要正确,表达要符合英
语习惯,注意时态、时间状语的搭配及主谓一致问题。写作中适
当使用连词,注意上下文联系紧密,符合
逻辑关系,表达具有条理性。
【高分句型一】
I left my
English book in the taxi because I was in a hurry
when I got out of it.
我把英语书忘在出
租车上了,因为我下车时很匆忙。
句子
I
because I was in a hurry when I got out of
it.
是由
because
引导的原因状语从句。
【高分句型二】
I was very happy and moved
when I saw my book come back.
当我看到我的书回来时,我非常
高兴和感动。
句子
when I
saw my book come
back.
是由
when
引导的时间状语从句。
7
.书面表达
共享单车为我们的生活带来了极大的便利。假设你是红星中学
九年级学生李华,你的美国
朋友
Jim
在给你的邮件中提到他对中国最新出现的一种共
享单车
“mobike”
很感兴趣,并请
你做个简要介绍。
请你给
Jim
回信,内容包括:
1.
这种单车的使用方法(如:
APP
查看车辆、扫码开锁
等);
2.
这种单车的优势;
3.
你对这种单车的看法。
注意:
1.
词数
100
左右;
2.
开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:智能手机
smartphone
;扫码
scan the QR
code
;交通工具
a means of
transportation
。
Dear Jim,
I’m siting to tell you more about the new form
of sharing bike-mobike mentioned in your latest
letter. ______
_______________________
__________________________________________________
______
________________________________________
_______________________________________
_______
__________________________________________________
______________________
________________________
__________________________________________________
_____
_________________________________________
______________________________________
________
__________________________________________________
_____________________
_________________________
__________________________________________________
___
Hope to ride a mobike with you in
China.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jim,
I’m writing
to tell you more about the new form of sharing
bike-mobike mentioned in your latest
letter.
It’s very convenient to use if
you have a smartphone. What you do is to find a
nearest mobike
through the APP, scan the QR
code on the bike, and enjoy your trip.
Compared to other forms of sharing bike, the
greatest advantage of mobike is that you can
easily
find one and never worry about where to
park it. It is becoming a new trend as a means of
transportation, which relieves the traffic
pressure and does good to the environment as
well.
Hope to ride a mobike with you in
China.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇要求介绍关于共享单车的一些事情。
动笔前先要认真阅读要点,围绕要点组织材
料,然后用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来,在此基础上
亦可适当发挥,注意不要遗
漏材料中给出的要点。根据材料可知本文主要是应用一般现在时态,注意标点
符号及大小
写等问题,不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系,语意连贯。
8
.
假如你叫李华
,
三年的初中生活即将结束
,
你将迎来漫长的暑假
,
你的笔友Peter
写信来
询问你的暑假计划。请根据表格中所给的基本信息给你的笔友回信
,
告诉他你的暑假计划。
要求:
1.
回信必须包含表格中的所有信息
,
并可适当发挥
,
字数在
80
字左右
,
开头和结尾不计入总
字数。
2.
回信中不得出现真实的人名和校名
,
否则将以零分计。
3.
书面表达必须写在答题卡上
,
如在本卷上作答
,
一律不得分。
Your plans
Plan one
Plan two
Plan three
……
what
visit grandparents
visit
Beijing and Shanghai
learn
senior
(高中)
English and math
by
myself
…….
why
miss
them
want to open my eyes
dream to
go to a famous university
Dear
peter,
___________________________________
____________________________________________
__
__________________________________________________
___________________________
___________________
__________________________________________________
__________
____________________________________
___________________________________________
___
__________________________________________________
__________________________
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】例文
Dear peter ,
Thank you for
your letter, in the letter, you asked me how I
planned my summer vacation, now, let
me tell
you all about it.
Firstly I will visit my
grandparents as soon as I leave school, I haven’t
see them for a long time, I
miss them so much.
Then , I am going to take trip to Beijing and
Shanghai to open up my eyes, as
we all know,
both cities are so beautiful and important, I
believe I can learn a lot by travelling.
After
coming back, I will learn senior subjects by
myself to get ready for the coming senior school,
because I dream to go to a famous university.
That’s all about my plans, please write
me soon and tell me about yours.
Yours
Lihua
【解析】
【详解】
本文分三个自然段。第一段点出文章主题
you asked me how I
planned my summer vacation,
now, let me tell
you all about
it
。第二自然段用
Firstly
,
Then
,
After coming
back
有序列出三
个计划。文章结尾用
That’s all about my
plans, please write me soon and tell me about
yours
总
结。另外,文中为第一人称,时态主要为一般将来时
will
visit my grandparents
,
I am going
to
take trip
,
I will learn senior
subjects
等。
9
.书面表达
某英文
报社组织了题为
“
我喜欢的英语谚语
”
征文活动,你有意参加。请从下面两句
谚语中
任选一句作为标题写一篇英语作文,内容须包括:
1.
该谚语的含义;
2.
体现该谚语含义的个人经历。
a) A friend in need is a friend indeed.
b) Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
参考词汇:谚语
proverb
__________________
__________________________________________________
___________
___________________________________
____________________________________________
__
__________________________________________________
___________________________
___________________
__________________________________________________
__________
________________________
【答案】
A Friend in Need is a Friend
Indeed
A life without friends is a life
without sunshine! Friends try their best to help
you without thinking
of what they can get from
it.
Once I doubted the usefulness of
study, losing my interests and direction, even
confidence. Finally,
I decided to stop
studying. After knowing the news, my friend
encouraged me patiently. She
insisted on
persuading me until I promised to give up this
thought.
Later, I made up my mind to study
hard so as to enter my dream university.
Many people will be in and out of your
life, but only true friends will leave footprints
in your hear.
True friends always come to you
when you need help.
【解析】
【分析】
这是命题作文。二选一,第一个是
“
患难见真情
”
,第二个是
“
有志者事竞成
”
。
【详解】
标题都是以谚
语的形式出现,所以考生第一步做的是理解这两个言语的意思,选择自己较
有把握的。在选择标题之后,
根据所给内容提示,进行写作。写作时,先要选择自己熟悉
的短语或者句型,在能力范围之内,选择句式
时要赋予变化,这样才可以更好的驾驭。同
时也要选择合适的连接词,把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体
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