郭可尊-dotcom
被动语态(完整版)
一、单项选择被动语态
1
.
The old man was weak after the
accident; so he ______ carefully by us.
A
.
must be take care of
B
.
must take care of
C
.
must
look after D
.
must be looked after
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查
含情态动词的被动语态。句意:事故发生后,老人很虚弱;所以他必须由我们仔细照
顾。固定词组:take care of looked after“
照顾
”
;句子主语he
和谓语动词之间是被动关
系,所以这里是含情态动词的被动语态,
“
情态动词
+be +
过去分词
”
。故选
D
。
2
.
Many artifacts ________ for the
first time in the National Museum at present.
A
.
were exhibited B
.
were
being exhibited
C
.
are being
exhibited D
.
are exhibited
【答案】
C
【解析】考查动词时态与语态。句意:许多史前古器物目前正在
国家博物馆首次展出。根
据时间状语
“at present”
可知,句子描述现在正
在进行的动作,主语
artifacts
与谓语
exhibit
之间是被动关
系,故用现在进行时的被动语态。故选
C
。
3
.
—Are we about to have dinner?
—Yes
,
it ________ in the dining
room.
A
.
serves B
.
is
serving
C
.
is being served
D
.
has been serving
【答案】
C
【解析】
考查时态。因
serve
与
it(dinner
)
是动宾关系,要用被动语态;由问句中的
are about
to(
即将
)
have dinner
和答语
Yes
可知
,已
“
在
”
供应
dinner
了,故用现在进行时的被动语
态。故选
C
。
4
.
Quantities
of soil ________ in the area, resulting in the
increasing number of natural disasters.
A
.
is washed away B
.
have
washed away
C
.
have washed away
D
.
have been washed away
【答案】
D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:在这个地区大量的土壤被冲走
了,结果导致自然灾害数
量增加。句中
soil
和
wash away
是被动关系,此处指土壤已经被冲走并对现在造成影响,
故要用现在完成时,要用现在完成时的被动语
态,故选
D
。
5
.
Please wear your best clothes
on Monday, as your class photos ______ then.
A
.
will take B
.
will be taken
C
.
have taken D
.
have been
taken
【答案】
B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:请在星
期一穿上你最好的衣服,因为那时你们班将拍
照。根据语境可知,动作发生在将来,并且是被动,故用一
般将来时态的被动语态。故选
B
。
6
.
When I got to his house, I found
that the walls _____ .
A
.
are being
painted B
.
are painting
C
.
were being painted D
.
were
painting
【答案】
C
【解析】考查过去进行时态的被动
语态。句意:当我到达他家的时候,我发现墙正在被粉
刷。根据句意可知用过去进行时态的被动语态,故
选
C
。
7
.
––Are the
repairs finished yet?
––Yes, they ______
when I came back home.
A
.
would be
completed B
.
would complete
C
.
had completed D
.
had been
completed
【答案】
D
【解析】考查被动语态。上句:
修理被完成了吗?下句:是的,当我回到家的时候它们已
经被完成。根据句意可知句子用过去完成时态的
被动语态,故选
D
。
8
.
It was
the natural disaster, rather than human errors,
that ________ for the death of so many
innocent people.
A
.
are blamed
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查主谓一致以及
be to blame
的用法。句意:是自然灾害,而不是人为错
误,应对这么多
无辜人类的死亡负责。
be to blame for…
表示
“
应受责备,应对
……
负责
”
时,固定短语,因此
排除<
br>A
、
C
项;这里强调主语
the natural
disaster
,是一个强调句,谓语动词应与主语保持
一致,即与
the
natural disaster
保持一致,因此用
was to
blame
,故选
B
项。
B
.
was to
blame C
.
was blamed D
.
were to
blame
9
.
Peter is helping set
tables in the hall, where John’s birthday party
________.
A
.
is holding
B
.
has held
C
.
is held
D
.
will be held
【答案】
D
【
解析】考查时态和语态。句意:皮特正在帮着在大厅里放桌子,约翰的生日晚会将在这
里举行。根据前面
语境正在放桌子,可知现在
party
还没举行,马上将要举行,
“
生日晚会
”
与
“
举行
”
之间是被动关系,故选
D
。
10
.
8 students and 2
teachers at Santa Fe High School by a
17-year-student armed with a
shotgun and a
pistol. This is one of the many gun-related
tragedies that have happened in the last
2
years.
A
.
killed B
.
were
killed
C
.
have killed
D
.
have been killed
【答案】
B
<
br>【解析】考查被动语态。句意:在圣塔菲高中,一名
17
岁的学生手持猎枪和一把手枪,
在
圣塔菲高中杀害了
8
名学生和
2
名教师。
8
students and 2 teachers
是句子主语,复数形
式,和
kil
l
之间是被动关系,再根据
in the last 2 years.
可知这是最近
两年发生的与枪有关的
事故之一,可知这是在讲过去的事情,所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态,故答
案为
B
。
11
.
A rescue
worker risked his life saving two tourists who
________ in the mountains for two
days.
A
.
are trapping B
.
have been
trapped
C
.
were trapping
D
.
had been trapped
【答案】
D
【解析】
考查语态和时态。句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里
两天的旅游
者。
“who ___ in the mountains for two
days”
是定语从句,修饰
two tourists
,
two tour
ists
和
trap
之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由
risked<
br>可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事
情,被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前,即
“过去的过去
”
,该空应用过去完成时态。
综上,
D
选项正确。<
br>
点睛:过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,即
“
过去的过
去
”
,其表达形式为
had
done
,被动语态的表达形式为
had been done
。
12
.
It's great that all the visitors
who on the island were saved.
A
.
trapped
C
.
had trapped
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和被动语态。句意:所有被困在岛上的游客都得救了,这真是太棒了。由
were <
br>saved
可知此事发生在过去,且被困应在被救之前,应用过去完成时;同时,
vis
itors
和
trap
构成被动关系,应使用过去完成时的被动语态。故
D<
br>选项正确。
B
.
have been trapped
D
.
had been trapped
13
.
To my ________
,
he was not
a little ________ at the news that he had won the
first prize
in the English speech
contest, for he thought that he didn't perform so
well.
A
.
astonishment
;
astonishing
B
.
astonished
;
astonishing
C
.
astonishment
;
astonished
D
.
astonish
;
astonishment
【答案】
C
【解析】
考查
astonish<
br>相关短语的用法。使我惊讶的是
,
他对这个消息并不感到惊讶
.to
one's
astonishment“
使某人感到惊讶的是
”
;
be
astonished at
sth.“
对某事感到惊讶
”
。故选
C.
14
.一
When shall we start the
restoration of the historic buildings?
一
Not until our plan________ by the
committee
.
A
.
will be approved
C
.
is to approve
【答案】
D
【解析】
这题考查时态语态,
our plan
和
app
rove
是被动关系,用被动,选择
A
或
D
。
A
项
是一般将
来时,
not until
引导的是时间状语从句,不能用将来时,可以用一
般现在时或现在完成
时,选
D
。
B
.
approves
D
.
has been
approved
15
.
The film
“Schindler’s List”, was ________ by a real person,
named Oskar Schindler
A
.
inspired
B
.
prompted
C
.
rised
D
.
insured
【答案】
A
【解析】
【详解】
考查过去分词。
A.
inspired
鼓舞;
B. prompted
引起,提示;
C.
rised
上升;
D. insured
确保。
句意:电影《辛德勒的名单》
的灵感来自一个真实的人,名叫奥斯卡
·
辛德勒。结合句意可
知此处用被动语态,故答
案为
A
。
16
.
— Why do you
look very upset?
— The electricity was cut
off suddenly and my essay ________ unfinished
since.
A
.
was left
C
.
had been left
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态语态。句意:
——
你为什么看起来很沮丧?
——
突然停电了,那时我的文章就没
写完。句中
le
ave
与主语
essay
构成动宾关系,要用被动形式;句中时间状语
si
nce
表示从
B
.
has left
D
.
has been left
那时起到现在文
章一直没写完,是现在完成时态的时间状语。故选
D
。
17
.
Are you going to attend the meeting
________ next Saturday?
A
.
holding
B
.
hold
C
.
to hold
D
.
to be held
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语。
句意:你要参加下星期六举行的会议吗
?
根据
next
Saturday
可知,事情还未发生,
the meeting
和
hold
之间是一种被动关系,所以用动词
不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语,且表示将来。故选
D
。
18
.
An exhibition with
885 cultural relics to be displayed ________ at
the Meridian Gate Gallery.
A
.
was
held B
.
would hold C
.
has hold
D
.
will be held
【答案】
D
【解析】
【分析】
考查时态语态。
【详解】
句意:午门画廊将展出
885
件文物。上文中的
to be
displayed
表将来,故本句为一般将来
时。且主语
An
exhibition
与谓语动词
hold
构成被动关系,故用
will
be held
。故选
D
。
19
.
We must apply what we have learned
to our work because in no case ______ from
practice.
A
.
should theory separate
C
.
theory should separate
【答案】
D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:我们必须把我们
学到的应用到实际生活中去,因为在任何情况下理论都
不应该脱离实际。这里是
apply
sth to sth
把
……
应用到
……
,
in no c
ase
在从句中的句首,所
以应该用倒装,又因为
theory
与
s
eparate
之间是被动关系,故选
D
。
考点:考查倒装的用法。
点评:本题难度适中。倒装是高中阶段的重要的语法项目,
它们的各种情况比较多,需要
考生牢记它们的用法,但是在从句中的这种倒装更增加了试题的难度。
即学即练:
Can you explain_______most deserts
are located near the west coast of the
continents?
A. why is it that
B. why it is that
C. how it is that
D. how is it that
解析:
B
。句意:由句子结构可知,强调句型
“it is ...that
”
对宾语从句的引导词进行强调,应
用陈述语序,再由句意可知,选
B
。
B
.
theory should be separated
D
.
should theory be separated
20
.
It was announced that
only when the fire was under control __________to
return to their
homes.
A
.
the
residents would be permitted
B
.
had
the residents been permitted
C
.
would the residents be permitted
D
.
the residents had been permitted
【答案】
C
【解析】
句意:通报说,只有火势得到控制
了居民们才被允许回家。这里
It
是形式主语,真正的主
语是
that
引导的从句;
that
引导的主语从句中,"
only+
状语从句"位于句
首,状语从句对
应的主句要用倒装语序,且此处表示过去将来,故选
C
。
21
.
As is estimated, more than 20
million shared bikes ______ into operation
nationwide by
2025.
A
.
will
have been put B
.
will have put
【答案】
A
【解析】
【详解】
考查
动词时态语态。句意:据估计,到
2025
年为止,全国将有
2000
多万辆
共享单车投入
运营。根据
by 2025
可知应用将来完成时,且主语与谓语动词构成
被动关系,故应为将来
完成时的被动语态。故选
A
。
C
.
have been put D
.
will be
putting
22
.
As is expected, it
will be not long before our domestically built
aircraft Carriers _____ into
operation.
A
.
will be put
C
.
will have
been put
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意
:
按照预计,在不久的将来,
我们国内制造的航母就会投入使用。
时间状语从句中使用主将从现,如果主句是一般将来时
,<
br>从句用一般现在时替代一般将来
时。
before
是从句要用一般现在时。投入
和主语是被动关系。故选
B
。
B
.
are
put
D
.
have been put
23
.
We won’t start the work until all
the preparations __________.
A
.
are
being made
C
.
have been made
【答案】
C
【解析】
B
.
will
be made
D
.
had been made
【详解】
考查动词时态辨析。句意:我们得等到所有的准备工作都做好了才能开始工作。
are
being
是现在进行时的被动形式;
will be
made
是一般将来时的被动形式;
have been
made
是现在
完成时的被动形式,用于强调动作产生的影响;
had been
made
是过去完成时的被动形
式
。本题是主将从现的用法。主句是将来时
时,从句用现在时或相当于现在的时态;现在
完成时强调过去对现在的影响或动作从过去一直持续到现在
。故选
C
。
【点睛】
通常说来
,
在
时间状语从句中使用一般现在时代替将来时,前面的主句中使用将来时。在高
中英语中也使用现在完成时
代替将来时,表示到将来某个时间已经完成的事情。主句是
We won’t
start
,从句用一般现在时或者现在完成时,故选
C
。
24
.
The students have been working
hard on their lessons and their efforts _____ with
success
in the end.
A
.
rewarded
C
.
will reward
【答案】
D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
本题考查时态和语态。解题步骤:
1.
确定时态:根据句尾的
in the
end
可知,事情发生在
将来,用将来时。
2.
确定语态:
eff
orts
和
reward
是被动关系,应该使用被动语态。句意:
学生们一直
在刻苦学习功课,他们的努力终将会得到回报。综上,用一般将来时的被动,
故选
D
。
【点睛】
一般将来时
1.
表示未来的动作或状态常用
will shall +
动词(常与表示将来的时间状语边用如
tomorrow
、
next
week
等)。
2.
表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
例如:
We’ll die without air or water.
3.
表示趋向行为的动词如
come, go, start, begin,
leave
等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
4. be going
to
与
will shall, be to do, be about to
do
用法及区别:
(1)shall will
do
表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。
(2)be going to
表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已
做了某种准备;be going to
表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而
will
do
则能,表
意愿。
例如:
If it is fine,
we’ll go fishing.(
正确
)
If it is
fine, we are going to go fishing.(
错误
)
(3)be to do
sth.
表按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。
B
.
were rewarded
D
.
will
be rewarded
例如:
A meeting is to
be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
(4)be about to do sth.
表示
“
即将
正要去做某事
”
,通常不与时间状语连用,但可与
when
引
导的
从句连用,构成常考句型:
sb was about to do sth when sb did
sth
。
例如:
Autumn harvest is about to
start.
25
.
As we know, it
will still be some years before all the metro
lines in Suzhou _____ into
operation.
A
.
will be put
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意:据我们所知,距离苏州所有的地铁线路投入使用还有好几年。
all
the metro lines
与
put...into operation
是被
动关系,应使用被动语态;在时间状语从句
中,主句是一般将来时,遵循
“
主将从现<
br>”
的原则,所以从句用一般现在时。故选
B
。
B
.
are put C
.
will have been put
D
.
are being put
26
.
Neither Mary nor her parents
________ of the exciting news, which surprises us
a lot.
A
.
has informed
C
.
has been informed
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查主谓一致及语态。句意:玛丽和她的父母
都没被告知这个令人兴奋的消息,这让我们
很吃惊。根据句意可知,此处使用被动语态;
nei
ther…nor
(既不,也不)有就近原则,只
看离谓语动词最近的主语,这里
he
r parents
是复数,且是被告知,所以用
have been
informed
,故选
D
项。
【点睛】
本题考查就近原则。就近原则是指谓语动词的形式和离它最近的主语保持一致。英语中常
见的就近原
则的词或者短语有:
not…but…, or, either…or…,
neither…nor…, not only…but also…,
there
be
句型,
whether…or…
,例如:
There is
an apple and two bananas.
这有一个苹果和两根香蕉。
Not only you but also your father likes
fishing.
不仅你,而且你爸爸也喜欢钓鱼。
B
.
have
informed
D
.
have been informed
27
.
Every possible means ________
to prevent the air pollution, but sky is still not
clear.
A
.
is used
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查主谓一致和动词时态语态。句意:所有可
能的方法都被用来防止空气污染,但天空仍
B
.
are used
C
.
have used D
.
has been used
p>
然不明朗。
means
当名词解释为
方法
,单复数同型,且
every+
主语,谓语动词用单数;
means
与动词
use
之间是被动关系,根据语境
“
所有的方法都用了
”
,
应该用现在完成时的
被动语态。故选
D
。
【点睛】
“eachevery+
单数名词
+and+
单数名词
”
等结构
作主语
当
“eachevery+
单数名词
+and+
单
数名词
”
或
“eachevery+
单数名词
+and+ each
every+
单数名
词
”
结构作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:
Each boy and each girl has been invited to
the teaparty.
每个男孩和每个女孩都被邀请参加茶
话会。
The boy and the girl each have their own toys.
这个男孩和这个女孩都有他们自己的玩具。
28
.
This project ______ considered
thoroughly, and I’m sure it ______ finished on
time.
A
.
must be; may be
C
.
may be; must be
【答案】
B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:这个项目应该被全面地考虑,并且我确定可以准时完成这
个项目。
should be
表示
“
应该
”
这个项目要求考虑的全面,
can be
表示
“
能够
”
有能力完成这个项目,
所以选
B
。
考点:考查情态动词
B
.
should be; can
be
D
.
can be; should be
29
.
His sister left home in 1998,
and_________________ since.
A
.
had
not been heard of
C
.
had not heard of
【答案】
B
【解析】
试题分析:考查时态:句意:他的
妹妹在
1998
年离家,至今杳无音讯
”
。
And
前用过
去式
表示她
1998
年离家这一事实,而
and
后用
has
not been heard of
表示从
1998
到现在这一段
时间的状
态。现在完成时表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,而且
his
sister
和
hear of
是被动关系,选
B
。
考点:考查时态
B
.
has not been heard
of
D
.
has not heard of
30
.
Louis Cha (
金庸
) passed away.
As for his achievement, there is such a comment,
“He ______
the Nobel Prize for Literature with
his written works translated into English.”
A
.
could have been rewarded
C
.
should be rewarded
【答案】
A
【解析】
【详解】
B
.
must have
been rewarded
D
.
need have been
rewarded
考查情态动词
+have done
用法
。句意:金庸去世了,至于他的成就,有这样的评论:他本
能获得诺贝尔文学奖用他的被翻译成了英语的
著作。
A. could have been
rewarded
本可以被
授予;
B. must have been
rewarded
一定被授予;
C. should be
rewarded
应该被授予;
D. need
have been
rewarded
本必要被授予。根据语境,
A
选项正确。
【点睛】
could have done
可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句
。用于肯定句既可以表示过去能够做而实
际未做,有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意,通常译为
“<
br>本来可以
”“
本来能
”
,也可以表示对过
去动作的推测,常可
译为
“
可能(已经
)”
。本句表达金庸本能获得诺贝尔文学奖,但却没有获得的惋惜。故
A
选项正确。