【英语】英语被动语态用法总结(完整)

【英语】英语被动语态用法总结(完整)

一、单项选择被动语态
1
．
The film “Schindler’s List”, was ________ by a real person, named Oskar Schindler

A
．
inspired B
．
prompted

C
．
rised D
．
insured

【答案】
A

【解析】

【详解】

考查过去分词。
A. inspired
鼓舞；
B. prompted
引起，提示；
C. rised
上升；
D. insured
确保。
句意：电影《辛德勒的名单》 的灵感来自一个真实的人，名叫奥斯卡
·
辛德勒。结合句意可
知此处用被动语态，故答 案为
A
。


2
．
It is the third time so far that such a festival ________ in my hometown.

A
．
is held
C
．
will be held
【答案】
B

【解析】

试题分析：考查句式用法。
This is the first (second, third…) time +that
从句，这是第一（二，
三
…
）次
…
。一般来说，
This is the first (second, third…) time +that
从句，这个句式中
that
从
句使用现在完成时，但是这个句子中，
so far
距今为止，表示现在为止这个 节日庆祝活动，
还没有举办，要用将来时。故选
C
。

考点
:
考查句式用法

B
．
has been held

D
．
had been held


3
．
The new library ________; it will be open next year.

A
．
had been built B
．
was built

C
．
was being built D
．
is being built

【答案】
D

【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放 。根据后面一句可推知，
图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句 要用现在
进行时的被动语态。故选
D
。


4
．
The plan for Xiongan New Area ______ officially on April 1, 2017.

A
．
announced B
．
was announced C
．
announces D
．
is announced

【答案】
B

【解析】考查时态与被动语态。句意：设立雄安新区的计划在< br>2017
年
4
月
1
日被官方宣
布。计划是被官方宣布 ，故用被动语态；动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
故选
B
。


5
．
Please wear your best clothes on Monday, as your class photos ______ then.

A
．
will take B
．
will be taken C
．
have taken D
．
have been taken

【答案】
B

【解析】考查时态和语态。句 意：请在星期一穿上你最好的衣服，因为那时你们班将拍
照。根据语境可知，动作发生在将来，并且是被 动，故用一般将来时态的被动语态。故选
B
。


6
．
When I got to his house, I found that the walls _____ .

A
．
are being painted B
．
are painting

C
．
were being painted D
．
were painting

【答案】
C

【解析】考查过去进行时态的被动 语态。句意：当我到达他家的时候，我发现墙正在被粉
刷。根据句意可知用过去进行时态的被动语态，故 选
C
。


7
．
105
．
The International Olympic Committee announces here that an in crease of 15 events
to the program of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.

A
．
will make B
．
will be made

C
．
has been made D
．
had made

【答案】
B

【解析】考 查动词时态和语态。句意：国际奥委会宣布在
2020
年东京奥运会上将增加
15个比赛项目。从年份
2020
可以看出是将来的动作，项目和增加是被动关系，故要用将来 时
的被动，故选
B
。


8
．
—Have you moved into the new house?

—Not yet. It ________.

A
．
has been built B
．
was built

C
．
is being built D
．
had been built

【答案】
C

【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：
——
你搬进新家了吗？
——
仍旧没有，它仍旧正
在建设。根据语境可知，
It指代上文提到的
the new house
，是第三人称单数，与
built< br>是被
动关系，用被动语态，结合句意，
built
这一动作表示正在进行的动作 。故选
C
。


9
．
––Are the repairs finished yet?

––Yes, they ______ when I came back home.

A
．
would be completed B
．
would complete

C
．
had completed D
．
had been completed

【答案】
D

【解析】考查被动语态。上句： 修理被完成了吗？下句：是的，当我回到家的时候它们已
经被完成。根据句意可知句子用过去完成时态的 被动语态，故选
D
。

10
．
Usually Beijing Roast Duck _____ together with special pancakes, green onions and sweet
sauce.

A
．
was served B
．
will serve

C
．
is served D
．
served

【答案】
C

【解析】考查时 态和被动语态。句意：通常北京烤鸭配上特制的薄煎饼、青葱和甜酱。句
子说的是一般情况，要用一般现 在时态；句子主语
Beijing Roast Duck
是单数第三人称，和
谓语动 词
serve
之间是被动关系，所以推知句子要用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为
C
。


11
．
It was the natural disaster, rather than human errors, that ________ for the death of so
many innocent people.

A
．
are blamed
【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】

考查主谓一致以及
be to bl ame
的用法。句意：是自然灾害，而不是人为错误，应对这么多
无辜人类的死亡负责。
be to blame for…
表示
“
应受责备，应对
……
负 责
”
时，固定短语，因此
排除
A
、
C
项；这里强调 主语
the natural disaster
，是一个强调句，谓语动词应与主语保持
一致，即与
the natural disaster
保持一致，因此用
was to blame
，故选
B
项。

B
．
was to blame C
．
was blamed D
．
were to blame


12
．
Due to the country’s growing rate of urbanization, China’s migrant population _______ to be
over 200 million by 2020.

A
．
predicts B
．
is predicted C
．
will have been predicted D
．
will be predicted

【答案】
B

【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意：由于中国城市化的速度不断提高，到
2020
年 ，中国
的流动人口预计将超过
2
亿。结合句意可知，用一般现在时态的被动语态，句子 主语是
population
，单数第三人称形式，故答案为
B
。该题容易误 选
D
项，是现在预计，而不是将
来预计，故用现在时态。


13
．
—Have you heard of yesterday's gas explosion?

—Yes. Only two of the 35 miners at the scene ________ to have made it out safely.

A
．
have thought B
．
are thought

C
．
had thought D
．
were thought

【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】

考查 时态语态。句意：
——
你听说昨天的瓦斯爆炸了吗
?——
是的，在现场的35
名矿工
中，只有两名被认为安全获救。此处指现在只有
2
个人被认为 安全获救，用一般现在时的

被动语态，故选
B.


14
．
—Are we about to having dinner?

—Yes, it ________ in the dining room.

A
．
serve B
．
is serving

C
．
is being served D
．
has been serving

【答案】
C

【解析】考查时态和语态 。句意：
——
我们准备去吃饭吗？
——
是的，饭菜正在餐厅被供
应。
it
是指饭菜，和动作
serve
之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，四个选 项中只有
C
项
是现在进行时的被动语态，故选
C
。


15
．
Every means ______, but none proved ______.

A
．
have tried; a success B
．
have been tried; successfully

C
．
has tried; to be successful D
．
has been tried; successful

【答案】
D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查主谓一致。
means
是单复数同形的名词，单复数取决于修饰词，这句话
means
用
every
修饰，说明是单数，谓语用单数，而且
means
和
try
是被动关系，用< br>has been tried
，
第二空的
prove
是连系动词，后 面接形容词做表语。句意：每种办法都被尝试过了，但没
有一个证明是成功的。选
D
。


16
．
People believe that the China Dream is not very difficult ________ so long as the whole
nation works hard for it.

A
．
realizing
C
．
realized
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查固定句型和语态。句意：人们相信只要全国人民一起努力中国梦不难实现。
be difficult
to do
结构中，若主语与其后的不定式为动宾关系，那么该不定式 习惯上要用主动形式表示
被动意义。如：
She was difficult to understand at times.
有时候她很不容易理解。能用于此结
构的形容词主要有
convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice,
pleasant, safe, unpleasant< br>等。这类结构的特点是句子主语必须是其后不定式的逻辑宾语。
故选
D
。

B
．
to be realized

D
．
to realize


17
．
The way the guests ___ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.

A
．
treated

B
．
were treated

C
．
would treat

D
．
would be treated

【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态和语态的用法。句意：在旅馆里客人被对待的方式影响他们对服务的评价。
the
guests ___ in the hotel
是定语从句
U
，修饰
The way
，
treat
是从句的谓语动词，
The guests
与
treat
之间是被动的关系，并且动作已经发生，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。故选
B
。


18
．
Are you going to attend the meeting ________ next Saturday?

A
．
holding B
．
hold

C
．
to hold D
．
to be held

【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查 动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语。句意：你要参加下星期六举行的会议吗
?
根据
next Saturday
可知，事情还未发生，
the meeting
和
hold
之间是一种被动关系，所以用动词
不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语，且表示将来。 故选
D
。


19
．
The classroom ________ by students every day.

A
．
cleans B
．
cleaned

C
．
is cleaned D
．
is cleaning

【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态和被动语态。句意：教室每天都由学生打扫。句子主语
The classroom< br>，单数第三
人称形式，与谓语动词
clean
之间是被动关系，再结合
every day
，可知句子用一般现在时
态的被动语态，故选
C
。


20
．
By the end of last year, another new hospital __________ in our city.

A
．
would complete
C
．
was completed
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态及语态。句意：去年年底为止，我们这座城市又建了一个新的医院。句中有
by
the end of
表示
“
到
…
为止
”
如果后面接过去的时间，句子要用过去完成时。本句中
by the end
of last year
，
by
后是过去的时间状语，句子要用过去完成时，故选
D
。

B
．
would be completed

D
．
had been completed

【点睛】

By
表示时间，意为
“
到
......
时为止
”
；该词经常与完成时连用。如果后接
by
后 面是现在的时
间，句中就使用现在完成时；如果
by
后面是过去的时间状语，就使用过 去完成时；如果后
面是将来的时间，就使用将来完成时。

By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words.

到他十岁时
,
他已学了约一千个英语

By 2012the population of this city will have risen to 20 millon.

到
2020
年，这个城市的人口将增至二千万。

By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeting.

当简到家时，她的姑妈已经动身去伦敦参加一个会议了


21
．
In the 1980s in this village, there were only muddy roads to the outside, and concrete ones
________ yet.

A
．
haven’t built
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查动词时态及语态。句意：在
20
世纪
80
年代，这个村庄只有泥 泞的道路通往外面，混
凝土的道路还没有建成。根据语境可知，
“
混凝土的道路还没有 建
”
表示的动作发生在
“there
were only muddy r oads”
这一过去的动作之前，属于
“
过去的过去
”
，应使用过去 完成时；
build
与
concrete ones
是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态。故选
D
。

B
．
haven’t been built C
．
hadn’t built D
．
hadn’t been built


22
．
—Pity that I haven’t got a ticket for the concert tonight.

—It doesn’t matter. I’m sure it _______ on TV.

A
．
will be broadcast
C
．
has been broadcast
【答案】
A

【解析】

【详解】

考查动词时态及语态。句意：
——
很可惜我没有今晚的音 乐会的票。
——
没关系，我相信
它会在电视上现场直播的。因为今晚将发生的事，所以 应用将来时，
it
代替
concert
，它与
broadcast< br>之间是被动关系，应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选
A
。

【点睛】

本题难度适中。动词的时态和语态放在一起考查增加了试题的难度，需要考 生有分析理解
复杂的句子结构的能力，必须会根据语境或已给动词的形式来判断动词的时态。如本题中，因为今晚将发生的事，所以应用将来时，
it
代替
concert
， 它与
broadcast
之间是被动
关系，应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选
A
。

B
．
will broadcast

D
．
is broadcasting


23
．
You’d better communicate with each other sincerely, and I hope to see your conflict

________ tomorrow.

A
．
was to be solved
C
．
will have been solved
【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态和语态。句意：你们彼此之间最好真诚地沟通，我希望明天你们的 冲突能得到解
决。由时间状语
tomorrow
可知，此处应用将来时，
co nflict
和
solve
之间为被动关系。因此
C
项的将来完成时 符合语境，表示在将来某一时间以前（明天结束之前）已经完成的动
作。故选
C
项。< br>
B
．
has been solved

D
．
had been solved


24
．
Every possible means ________ to prevent the air pollution, but sky is still not clear.

A
．
is used
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查主谓一致和动词时态语态。句意：所有可 能的方法都被用来防止空气污染，但天空仍
然不明朗。
means
当名词解释为

方法

，单复数同型，且
every+
主语，谓语动词用单数；means
与动词
use
之间是被动关系，根据语境
“
所有的方 法都用了
”
，应该用现在完成时的
被动语态。故选
D
。

【点睛】

“eachevery+
单数名词
+and+
单 数名词
”
等结构作主语

当
“eachevery+
单数名 词
+and+
单数名词
”
或
“eachevery+
单数名 词
+and+ eachevery+
单数名
词
”
结构作主语时，谓 语动词通常用单数形式。如：

Each boy and each girl has been invited to the teaparty.
每个男孩和每个女孩都被邀请参加茶
话会。

The boy and the girl each have their own toys.
这个男孩和这个女孩都有他们自己的玩具。

B
．
are used C
．
have used D
．
has been used


25
．
The Olympic Sports Center _______at present in the city and is said to be open to the public
in 2019

A
．
is built B
．
has built C
．
is being built D
．
will be built

【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态语态。句意：奥运会体育中心现在正在被建。据说
201 9
年会对公众开放。句中时
间状语是
at present
意为
“< br>现在
”
，介绍正在发生的事情，主语
the Olympic Sports Center
与
build
该词被动关系，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。故
C
项正确。


26
．
The accident which left 15 people on board dead ________ if both the angry female

passenger and the bus driver had kept calm.

A
．
should have avoided
C
．
could have avoided
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查
“
情态动词
+
完成式
”
。句意：如果愤怒的女乘客和巴士司 机保持冷静，这起导致
15
人
死亡的事故本来是可以避免的。
could have done“
本来能做而没有做
”
，且句子主语
The
a ccident
和谓语动词
avoid
之间是被动关系，结合句意可知答案为
D
。

【点睛】

情态动词
+ have done
结构：

1.“must + have +
过去分词
”
表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测，语气比较坚定，通常只
用于肯定句。如：
It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.

2.“can could + have +
过去分词
”< br>表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。
can
和
could
一般用于否定句和疑问句，
could
的语气较
can
弱。如：
He can't have finished the work so soon.

3.“may might + have +
过去分词
”
表示对已发生 的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，
might
的语气比
may
弱一点。 这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句，疑问句改用
can
或
could
。如：< br>They may not have known it beforehand.

4.“need + have +
过去分词
”
表示过去做了不必做或不需 要做的事情，或过去做某事纯属多
余。如：
I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.

5.“should ought to + have +
过去分词
”
表示过去本该做某事但没做，其否定式表示过去不该
做某事但做了，这种句式含有不满或责备之意，ought to
的语气比
should
强一些。如：

You ought to should have studied harder.
你本应该更努力学习的
.
（但没有）

He oughtn't to shouldn't have done that.
他本来就不该做那件事
.
（可是做了）

6.“would
＋
have
＋

过去分词
”
表示对过去的某种 情况进行猜测，或本来要做某事却因某种
原因未做成，通常用来说明某一情况，但不像用
sho uld
或
ought to
那样含有责备之意。
如：

I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.

Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.

B
．
should be avoided

D
．
could have been avoided


27
．
Commercial and recreational fishing _______ population sizes and also made individuals
smaller, since big fish _______ and smaller ones thrown back.

A
．
decreased; kept
C
．
has decreased; keep
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查 时态和语态。句意：商业和休闲捕鱼减少了种群规模，也使个体变小，因为大鱼被保
留下来，小鱼被扔回 大海。结合句意第一空是强调现在的结果，用现在完成时态；第二空
B
．
had decreased; are kept

D
．
has decreased; are kept

是一般现在时态的被动语态，主语
big fish
与
keep
是被动关系，故答案为
D
。


28
．
If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.

A
．
had been put
【答案】
A

【解析】

【分析】

B
．
were put C
．
should be put D
．
would be put

【详解】


考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生
了。根据 主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用
had done
形式，此外根据句意可
知是被动，用被动语态，故
A
项是正确的。

【点睛】


英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。陈
述语气 （疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）虚拟语气：不
可能发生的事，愿望， 建议，与事实相反的假设等
.
虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法真实条件
句
If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.
虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很
小）
If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the
从句的谓语动词主句谓语动词< br>1.
与现在事实
相反动词过去式（
be
一律用
were
）
wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原形
2.
与过去事 实相反
had donewouldcouldmightshould+have done3.与将来事实可能相反
a.
动词过去式（
be
一律
用
we re
）
+
动词原形（不能用
would
）
to+
动词原形
wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原形与现在事实相反
i f
从句：动词过去式（
be---were
）主
句：
wouldco uldmightshould+
动词原形
If we had time, we would go with I were you, I
shouldn’t do it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.
与过去事实相反
if
从句：
had done
主
句：
wouldcouldmightshould+have doneIf the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have
succeeded.I could have done it better if I had been more he hadn’t been ill, he might
have come.3.
与将来事实可能相反
if
从句：
a.动词过去式（
be
一律用
were
）
+
动词原形（不能用
would
）
to+
动词原 形主句：
wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原
形
If he came tomorrow, I would tell him it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at
home and watch it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go he come
tomorrow, please give the book to him.
错综时间 条件句在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发
生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条 件句。这种句子的形式往往
要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。
If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know
what to do you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right you
had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now. (
有时时间会省略）含蓄条
件句有时虚拟条件不用
if
条件从句，而用介词或 介词短语来表示。
They would not be able
to live without him.
（如果没有）
He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.
（要
不是）
=if it had not been forIf only you had worked with greater care!(
要是
......
就好了）
You
would have done the same thing in her a little more care you could have avoid the
traffic accident .
虚拟结合条件句在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方
式表现出来，并且 虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would
have taken part in the singing competition.
（实
------
虚）
=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill

that day, I would have taken part in the singing would have bought the piano, but
he didn’t have enough money.
（虚
------
实）
=He would have bought the piano if he had had
enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money.
省略
if
倒装条件句在虚拟语气中，
if
从句假设的情况中如果有助动词< br>had, should
和
were
，那么可省略
if
，把
had, should
和
were
放在句首构成倒装，简称省略
if
倒装条件 句。
If he had finished the work yesterday, he
would have gone to the concert with you.=Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have
gone to the concert with I were you, I wouldn’t do that.=were I you, I wouldn’t do I
should meet him, I would tell him about it.=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.


29
．
His sister left home in 1998, and_________________ since.

A
．
had not been heard of
C
．
had not heard of
【答案】
B

【解析】

试题分析：考查时态：句意：他的妹妹在
1998
年离家 ，至今杳无音讯
”
。
And
前用过去式
表示她
1998< br>年离家这一事实，而
and
后用
has not been heard of
表示从
1998
到现在这一段
时间的状态。现在完成时表示过去发生并且已经 完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，而且
his sister
和
hear of
是被动关系，选
B
。

考点：考查时态

B
．
has not been heard of

D
．
has not heard of


30
．
To my ________
，
he was not a little ________ at the news that he had won the first prize
in the English speech contest, for he thought that he didn't perform so well.

A
．
astonishment
；
astonishing

B
．
astonished
；
astonishing

C
．
astonishment
；
astonished

D
．
astonish
；
astonishment

【答案】
C

【解析】

考查
astonish< br>相关短语的用法。使我惊讶的是
,
他对这个消息并不感到惊讶
.to one's
astonishment“
使某人感到惊讶的是
”
；
be astonished at sth.“
对某事感到惊讶
”
。故选
C.