寓言的意思-时间用英语怎么表达
2020-2021年被动语态详解+例句
一、单项选择被动语态
1
.
Are you going to attend the meeting
________ next Saturday?
A
.
holding
B
.
hold
C
.
to hold
D
.
to be held
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语。
句意:你要参加下星期六举行的会议吗
?
根据
next
Saturday
可知,事情还未发生,
the meeting
和
hold
之间是一种被动关系,所以用动词
不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语,且表示将来。故选
D
。
2
.一
When shall we
start the restoration of the historic
buildings?
一
Not until our plan________
by the committee
.
A
.
will be
approved
C
.
is to approve
【答案】
D
【解析】
这题考查时态语态,
our plan
和
approve
是被动关系
,用被动,选择
A
或
D
。
A
项是一般将
来时,not until
引导的是时间状语从句,不能用将来时,可以用一般现在时或现在完成
时,选
D
。
B
.
approves
D
.
has been approved
3
.
Her own story ________ and this book
is expected to come out next week.
A
.
had been written B
.
has
been written
C
.
had written
D
.
has written
【答案】
B
【解析】
句意:她自己的故事已经被写出来了,这部书有望下周出版。由句意可知,
应该用现在完
成时的被动语态。故选B。
4
.
—The window is dirty.
—I
know. It ________ for weeks.
A
.
hasn’t cleaned
C
.
wasn’t
cleaned
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
本题考查时态和语态。解题步骤:
1.
确定时态:这里表达过去没有擦窗户的事情对现在的
B
.
didn’t
clean
D
.
hasn’t been cleaned
p>
影响就是窗户很脏,现在完成时可以表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,也可以表示过去发生的事情持续到现在。
2.
确定语态:主语
it
与谓语
cl
ean
为被动关系。句意:
—
窗户很
脏。
—
我知道,这些窗
户已经很几个星期没有被擦了。故选
D
。
5
.
Quantities of soil ________ in the
area, resulting in the increasing number of
natural disasters.
A
.
is washed
away B
.
have washed away
C
.
have washed away D
.
have
been washed away
【答案】
D
【解析】考查时
态和语态。句意:在这个地区大量的土壤被冲走了,结果导致自然灾害数
量增加。句中
soil
和
wash away
是被动关系,此处指土壤已经被冲走并对现在造成影响,
故要用现在完成时,要用现在完成时的被动语态,故选
D
。
6
.
107
.
The farmer said the PLA
men came to rescue timely when they _____in the
snowstorm.
A
.
were trapping
B
.
were being trapped
C
.
are
trapping D
.
are being trapped
【答案】
B
【解析】考查过去进行时的被动语态。句意:这位农民说他们在
暴风雪中被困时,解放军
战士及时赶来营救。根据题干中的
said
判断从句中需要与
过去相关的时态;根据短语
“be
trapped in”
排除
A
和
C
;句中表示
“
被暴风雪困住的时候
”
,故用过去进行时
的被动语态,故
选
B
。
点睛:对时态的选择,要在把握时态的基本
用法的基础上,根据具体语境和题干中的时间
推断时态,同时关注特殊的结构。
7
.
Local governments to
strengthen water transport safety management
recent fatal
accidents.
A
.
are
urging, followed B
.
are being urged,
following
C
.
are urged, to follow
D
.
urge, being followed
【答案】
B
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态及语态。句意:最近接连发生的致
命事故敦促地方政府加强
水路运输安全管理。
urge sb. to do
sth.
,为固定搭配。
“
敦促某人做某事
”
。分析句意可知是<
br>事故促使政府加强管理。因此政府与敦促是被动关系,故
A
与
D
是错误
的。事件已发生了
故不能用
to follow
作定语,
following
,后面的,其次的,下列的。因此要用
B
。
8
.
It’s reported that China will not
buy the Euro debt until some thorough research
.
A
.
has been done
C
.
will be done
【答案】
A
【解析】
试题分析:考查时态及语态。句意:据报道,直到一些彻底的调查研究被做
出以后,中国
B
.
will have been done
D
.
had been done
才会买进欧盟债务,含有
not ..until
的状语从句,主句一
般将来,从句表示已经做过研究之
后,所以用完成时表示,研究与做之间又是被动关系,由此综合两者,
A
正确。
考点:考查时态及语态
9
.-
Mike, did you see Mr. Chapman in
the office just now?
-
Yes, he
________, and he looked a little bit nervous.
A
.
had interviewed B
.
was
interviewed
C
.
was being
interviewed D
.
is being interviewing
【答案】
C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:
——
迈克,
你刚才看到
Mr. Chapman
在办公室吗
?——
是的<
br>,
他
正在接受采访
,
他看起来有点紧张。表示刚才正在进行的动作用过
去进行时,句中
he
和动
词
interview
是被动关系,所以此
处用过去进行时的被动,故选
C
。
10
.
Usually Beijing Roast Duck _____
together with special pancakes, green onions and
sweet
sauce.
A
.
was served
B
.
will serve
C
.
is served
D
.
served
【答案】
C
【解析】考查时
态和被动语态。句意:通常北京烤鸭配上特制的薄煎饼、青葱和甜酱。句
子说的是一般情况,要用一般现
在时态;句子主语
Beijing Roast Duck
是单数第三人称,和
谓语动
词
serve
之间是被动关系,所以推知句子要用一般现在时态的被动语态,故答案为
C
。
11
.
It was the natural
disaster, rather than human errors, that ________
for the death of so
many innocent people.
A
.
are blamed
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查主谓一致以及
be to bl
ame
的用法。句意:是自然灾害,而不是人为错误,应对这么多
无辜人类的死亡负责。
be to blame for…
表示
“
应受责备,应对
……
负
责
”
时,固定短语,因此
排除
A
、
C
项;这里强调
主语
the natural
disaster
,是一个强调句,谓语动词应与主语保持
一致,即与
the
natural disaster
保持一致,因此用
was to
blame
,故选
B
项。
B
.
was to
blame C
.
was blamed D
.
were to
blame
12
.
Due to the country’s
growing rate of urbanization, China’s migrant
population _______ to be
over 200 million by
2020.
A
.
predicts B
.
is
predicted C
.
will have been predicted
D
.
will be predicted
【答案】
B
【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意:由于中国城市化的速度不断提高,到
2020
年
,中国
的流动人口预计将超过
2
亿。结合句意可知,用一般现在时态的
被动语态,句子主语是
population
,单数第三人称形式,故答案为
B
。该题容易误选
D
项,是现在预计,而不是将
来预计,故用现在时态。
13
.
No decision __A_ about any
future appointment until all the candidates have
been
interviewed.
A
.
will be
made
C
.
is being made
【答案】
A
【解析】
试题分析:考查时态,主语是
decision
和动词<
br>make
是动宾关系,所以用被动式,因为后
面的句子
about any
future appointment
可以知道动作未发生,所以用将来时,句子意思
“关
于未来会议没有做出任何决定直到所有的报考者已经被采访
”
,所以选
A
考点:考查时态
点评:做时态题时,首先看时间状语,由时间状语来确
定句子的时态;如果没有时间状
语,可以根据隐含的意思来确定句子时态。
B
.
is made
D
.
has been
made
14
.
A human case of H7N9
was reported in 2014 when a woman______ to be
infected with the
bird flu virus.
A
.
confirmed
C
.
was
confirmed
【答案】
C
【解析】
试题分析:
句意:一例人感染
H7N9
病毒的报告发生在
2014
年,当时,一名女性被
确诊感
染了禽流感。
Confirm
证实,确认,根据
was
reported in 2014
可知,是过去的事情,先行
词是
2014
,定语从句也用一般过去时,排除
B
、
D
;
woman
与<
br>confirm
是动宾关系,即她
是被确诊的,故选
C
。
考点:考查时态与被动语态
B
.
had been
confirmed
D
.
have confirmed
15
.
The house, which _____ last
night, ____ my aunt but she doesn’t live there any
more.
A
.
was broken into; is
belonged to B
.
broke into; is belonged
to
C
.
broke into; belonging to
D
.
was broken into; belongs to
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查
被动语态和主动语态。句意:这所房子昨晚被拆了,它属于我的姑妈,但她已经不在
那里住了。第一空,
根据
last night
及句意可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态,
break
into“
破门而入
”
,答案为
was broken
into
;第二空,
belong to“
属于
”
,无进行和被动语
态,
结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态,答案为
belongs
to
。故选
D
。
16
.
—I saw your uncle take a taxi to
the airport. Why didn’t you drive him there?
—I __________. But my car ___________ .
A
.
would; was fixed
C
.
would
have; was being fixed
【答案】
C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和动词时态。句意:
-
--
我看见你叔叔坐出租车去机场了。你为什么不开车送
他去那里呢?
---
我本来想送他了。但是我的汽车当时正在修理。根据语境可知说话人表示
本来想做但是没有做的事情,应
该用
would have done
;而修理汽车是指当他叔叔去机场的
时候,表示
过去正在进行的动作,故答案选
C
。
B
.
would
have; was fixed
D
.
did; was being
fixed
17
.
More efforts, as
reported, _____ in the years ahead to accelerate
the supply-side structural
reform.
A
.
are made
C
.
are being
made
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
<
br>考查时态和语态。句意:据报道,未来几年将会有更多的努力来加快供给侧结构性改革。
本句的时
间状语
in the years ahead
"在将来的几年"和一般将来时连用,且
efforts
与动词
make
构成被动关系,所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般
将来时的被动语态形式,故
B
项
正确。
B
.
will be made
D
.
have
been made
18
.
This kind
of cloth_______well and large quantities of the
cloth ________.
A
.
is sold
;
have been sold
C
.
sells
;
have
been sold
【答案】
C
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词的时态语态。句意:这种布销路很好,已售出大量。
sellwashburn
等词在表示事
物的状态、特点时,可以用主动表被动,因此第一个空应选
sells
;第二空表示
“
出售,卖
”
的动作,用被动语态,且强调对现在的影
响应该用现在完成时态,故正确答案为
C
。
B
.
is
sold; has been sold
D
.
sells has
been sold
19
.(天津)
Nowadays,
cycling, along with jogging and swimming,
___________ as one of the
best all-round forms
of exercise.
A
.
regard B
.
is
regarded
C
.
are regarded
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
D
.
regards
考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意:现在骑自行
车,慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式
之一。根据动词短语
regard…as…“
把
……
看作
……”
和句意确定应该用被动语态,排除
A
和
D
。再根据主语部分是由介词短语
along with
连接的三个动名词
做主语,应该谓语动词应该
就前一致,即用单数,排除
C
,故选
B
。
【点睛】
本题考查方向涉及到动词的语态和主谓一致,首先要把握句意,
判断主谓之间是主动还是
被动关系,再者就是考查学生的考虑是否全面,即加之判断谓语动词的单复数,
考查了学
生对主谓一致中就前一致的把握。
20
.
You’d better communicate with each
other sincerely, and I hope to see your conflict
________ tomorrow.
A
.
was to be
solved
C
.
will have been solved
【答案】
C
【解析】
【详解】
考查
时态和语态。句意:你们彼此之间最好真诚地沟通,我希望明天你们的冲突能得到解
决。由时间状语tomorrow
可知,此处应用将来时,
conflict
和
solv
e
之间为被动关系。因此
C
项的将来完成时符合语境,表示在将来某一时间以前(明天
结束之前)已经完成的动
作。故选
C
项。
B
.
has been solved
D
.
had been solved
21
.
The Palace Museum has put on many
attractions since it ___________ in 2017.
A
.
had been rebuilt
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意:自从
20
17
年重新修缮,故宫博物院内部已经增加了许多景点。
分析语境可知,重新修缮是过去某个具
体时间点(
2017
年)发生的事情,应用一般过去
时;此处也可用固定句型
havehas done since…
来理解,该句型中主句用完成时,
since
引
导的从句使用一般过去时;故宫博物院是
“
被
”
相关人员修缮,
应使用被动语态,
was rebuilt
符合题意,故选
B
。
B
.
was rebuilt C
.
had rebuilt
D
.
rebuilt
22
.
The
coach, together with his players, __________ to
the party held last Friday night, aiming
to
celebrate their win in the match.
A
.
was invited B
.
were invited
C
.
has been invited D
.
have been
invited
【答案】
A
【解析】
【详解】
考查主谓一致与一般过去时的被动语态。句意:这个教练,和他的队员一起
,被邀请去参
加上周五晚上举行的聚会,目的是庆祝他们赢得比赛。根据句中的
“last
Friday night
(上周
五晚上)
”
可知,这句话应使用一般过去时
。句子主语为
The
coach
,为第三人称单数形
式,
“together
with…”
介词词组作主语的伴随状语,不能算作主语,所以谓语动词应与
The
coach
保持一致。故选
A
。
【点睛】
主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与它的主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。简单来讲,即在英
语组词成句
的过程中,主语的人称、数、格发生了变化,谓语也必须跟着变化,保证主语
和谓语之间关系的协调一致
。在英语语法中,这属于基本的知识点。主谓一致要遵循三个
原则,语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近
一致原则。其中语法一致原则指的是主语是单
数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动
词也是复数形式。当
than
,
with
,
as well
as
,
along with
,
together
with
,
like
,
rather than
,
exce
pt
,
not
,
but
,
including
,<
br>plus
,
besides
,
in addition to
等加名词或代词结构在主语后面时,谓语不受这些
短语影响,须和其前的主语一致。这属于语法一致原则
中的一种情况。例如本题中使用了
together
with
结构,所以句子的谓语动词与主语
the coach
保持一致。
23
.
Amy, as well as her brothers,
________ a warm welcome when returning to the
village last
week.
A
.
is given
C
.
was given
【答案】
C
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:艾米和她的兄弟们当
上周回到村里时,受到了热烈的欢迎。根据
last week
可知,应用过去时,排除选项<
br>A
和
B
;本句的主语是
Amy
,她受到热烈欢迎,所
以用过去时的被动。故选
C
。
B
.
are
given
D
.
were given
24
.
As we know, it will still be some
years before all the metro lines in Suzhou _____
into
operation.
A
.
will be put
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意:据我们所知,距离苏州所有的地铁线路投入使用还有好几年。
all
the metro lines
与
put...into operation
是被
动关系,应使用被动语态;在时间状语从句
中,主句是一般将来时,遵循
“
主将从现<
br>”
的原则,所以从句用一般现在时。故选
B
。
B
.
are put C
.
will have been put
D
.
are being put
25
.
Every year a flood of farmers
arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs
they_____
before leaving their hometowns.
A
.
promised
C
.
have promised
【答案】
D
【解析】
句意为:每年大量农民工涌入深圳
,去寻找他们离乡前别人给他们许诺的挣钱的工作。此
处农民工是
“
被许诺工作
”
,需用被动语态,故排除
A
和
C
两项;
B
项仅
表一般过去时的被
动;
D
项表示
“
已经被许诺
”
,
故选
D
。
B
.
were promised
D
.
have been promised
26
.
Beijing's new international airport
________ into use in September, 2019, according to
the
spokesperson.
A
.
was put
C
.
has put
【答案】
D
【解析】
试题分析:考查时态和语态。句意:按照发言人所说,北京的新国际机场将
在
2019
年投入
使用。根据句意可知,用一般将来时态的被动语态。故选
D
。
考点:考查时态和语态
B
.
will
put
D
.
will be put
27
.
The accident which left 15 people
on board dead ________ if both the angry female
passenger and the bus driver had kept
calm.
A
.
should have avoided
C
.
could have avoided
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查
“
情态动词
+
完成式
”
。句意:如果愤怒的女乘客和巴士司机保持冷静,这起导致
15人
死亡的事故本来是可以避免的。
could have
done“
本来能做而没有做
”
,且句子主语
The
accide
nt
和谓语动词
avoid
之间是被动关系,结合句意可知答案为
D
。
【点睛】
情态动词
+ have
done
结构:
1.“must + have +
过去分词
”
表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只
用于肯定句。如:
It
must have rained last night,for the ground is
wet.
2.“can could + have +
过去分词
”<
br>表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。
can
和
could
一般用于否定句和疑问句,
could
的语气较
can
弱。如:
He
can't have finished the work so soon.
3.“may might + have +
过去分词
”
表示对已发生
的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,
might
的语气比
may
弱一点。
这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用
can
或
B
.
sho
uld be avoided
D
.
could have been
avoided
could
。如:
They may
not have known it beforehand.
4.“need +
have +
过去分词
”
表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属
多
余。如:
I needn't have bought so much
wine—only five people came.
5.“should
ought to + have +
过去分词
”
表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否
定式表示过去不该
做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,
ought
to
的语气比
should
强一些。如:
You ought
to should have studied harder.
你本应该更努力学习的
.
(但没有)
He oughtn't
to shouldn't have done that.
他本来就不该做那件事
.
(可是做了)
6.“would
+
have
+
过去分词
”
表示对过去的某种
情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种
原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用
sho
uld
或
ought to
那样含有责备之意。
如:
I
guess the poet would have been about twenty when
she wrote her first poem.
Another worker
wouldn't have acted like that.
28
.
If the new safety system _______ to
use, the accident would never have happened.
A
.
had been put
【答案】
A
【解析】
【分析】
B
.
were put
C
.
should be put D
.
would be put
【详解】
考查虚
拟语气。句意:如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话,这个事故就不会发生
了。根据主句确定是对过
去情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语用
had done
形式,此外根据句意可
知是被动,用
被动语态,故
A
项是正确的。
【点睛】
英语
中的三种语气,语气是动词的一种形式,用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。陈
述语气(疑问,否定
,肯定,感叹)祈使语气(命令,要求,建议,警告)虚拟语气:不
可能发生的事,愿望,建议,与事实
相反的假设等
.
虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法真实条件
句
If you
work hard,you’ll surely pass the
exam.
虚拟条件句(假设情况不存在,实现机会很
小)
If I were a
bird, I could fly freely in the
从句的谓语动词主句谓语动词<
br>1.
与现在事实
相反动词过去式(
be
一律用
were
)
wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原形
2.
与过去事
实相反
had donewouldcouldmightshould+have done3.与将来事实可能相反
a.
动词过去式(
be
一律
用
we
re
)
+
动词原形(不能用
would
)
to+
动词原形
wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原形与现在事实相反
i
f
从句:动词过去式(
be---were
)主
句:
wouldco
uldmightshould+
动词原形
If we had time, we
would go with I were you, I
shouldn’t do it
weren’t raining, we wouldn’t
stay.
与过去事实相反
if
从句:
had
done
主
句:
wouldcouldmightshould+have
doneIf the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t
have
succeeded.I could have done it better if
I had been more he hadn’t been ill, he might
have come.3.
与将来事实可能相反
if
从句:
a.动词过去式(
be
一律用
were
)
+
动词原形(不能用
would
)
to+
动词原
形主句:
wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原
形
If
he came tomorrow, I would tell him it should rain
tomorrow, I would stay at
home and watch it
were to snow tomorrow, they would not go he come
tomorrow, please give the book to him.
错综时间
条件句在虚拟语气中,有时条件从句动作发
生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的,
称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往
要根据句子的时间相调整,分别处理。
If you
had spoken to him yesterday, you would know
what to do you had followed the doctor’s
advice then, you would be all right you
had
watered them more, the crops would be growing
still better now.(
有时时间会省略)含蓄条
件句有时虚拟条件不用
if
条件从句,而用介词或介词短语来表示。
They would not be
able
to live without him.
(如果没有)
He
would have failed but for his teacher’s timely
advice.
(要
不是)
=if it had not been forIf
only you had worked with greater
care!(
要是
......
就好了)
You
would
have done the same thing in her a little more
care you could have avoid the
traffic accident
.
虚拟结合条件句在虚拟语气中,假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方
式表现出来,并且
虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。
I was ill that day. Otherwise,
I would
have taken part in the singing
competition.
(实
------
虚)
=I was ill
that day. If I hadn’t been ill
that day, I
would have taken part in the singing would have
bought the piano, but
he didn’t have enough
money.
(虚
------
实)
=He would have
bought the piano if he had had
enough money,
but in fact he didn’t have enough money.
省略
if
倒装条件句在虚拟语气中,
if
从句假设的情况中如果有助动词
had,
should
和
were
,那么可省略
if
,把
had,
should
和
were
放在句首构成倒装,简称省略
if
倒装条件
句。
If he had finished the work yesterday, he
would have gone to the concert with you.=Had
he finished the work yesterday, he would have
gone to the concert with I were you, I
wouldn’t do that.=were I you, I wouldn’t do I
should meet him, I would tell him about
it.=Should I meet him, I would tell him about
it.
29
.
— Why do you look very
upset?
— The electricity was cut off
suddenly and my essay ________ unfinished
since.
A
.
was left
C
.
had been left
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态语态。句意:
——
你为什么看起来很沮丧?
——
突然停电了,那时我的文章就没
写完。句中
le
ave
与主语
essay
构成动宾关系,要用被动形式;句中时间状语
si
nce
表示从
那时起到现在文章一直没写完,是现在完成时态的时间状语。故选
D。
B
.
has left
D
.
has been left
30
.
Mr. Wills, who was being helped up
onto the platform to take the prize, looked as if
he by
lightning.
A
.
was just
struck B
.
were just struck
C
.
would just be struck
D
.
had just been struck
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查
过去完成时态的被动语态。句意:威尔斯先生被扶上了讲台,接受了这个奖项,他看
起来就像是被闪电击
中了一样。此处
as if
(好像)引导方式状语从句,用虚拟语气,与过
去的事实相反,用过去完成时态,且主语
he
和
strike
之间是被动
关系,故答案为
D
。
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