初中英语语法——动词的被动语态

动词的被动语态

【用法讲解】
考试要求：
中考要求掌握：动词的主动语态和被动语态区别与使用，不同时态的被动语态形式及情
态动词的被动语态 形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示句子的
主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动 语态是表示句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者。
如：We often clean the blackboard.（我们是擦黑板的执行者即主动语态）
The blackboard is often cleaned by us. （黑板是clean的承受者即被动语态）。
1. 被动语态的结构
一般现在时：am is are + 及物动词的过去分词
一般过去时：was were + 及物动词的过去分词
一般将来时：will shall be + 及物动词的过去分词
现在完成时：have has been + 及物动词的过去分词
现在进行时：am is are being + 及物动词的过去分词
过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词
如：You are wanted on the phone. 有你的电话。
China was liberated in 1949. 1949年中国解放。
The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
明天将对这个问题进行讨论。
Not a book in the library has been taken away.
图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。
My bike is being repaired.我的自行车正在修理。
The book had been borrowed when I got to the library.
我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。
2. 主动语态与被动语态的转换
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词 ），根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数，以及原
来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
如：All the people laughed at him.
→He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
→The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree.
→A tree was cut down by him.
3. 含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to
的情态动词变 成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
We can repair this watch in two days.
→This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once.
→It should be done at once.
4.含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态

主动语态: 主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接、直接宾语 + 其他
被动语态: 间接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 直接宾语 + 其他(比较常用)
或:直接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 介词(for to) + 间接宾语 + 其他
如：My father gave me a new book on my birthday.
→ I was given a new book on my birthday (by my father).
→ A new book was given to me on my birthday (by my father).
我的父亲在我的生日那天给我买了一本新书。
My father bought me a new computer yesterday.
→ I was bought a new computer yesterday (by my father).
→ A new computer was bought for me yesterday (by my father).
我的父亲昨天给我买了一台新电脑。
5.含有短语动词的主动语态变为被动语态
有些相当于及物动词的短语动词,如“动词+ 介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可用于被动语态,但
要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。
如: She looks after her grandmother.
→ Her grandmother is looked after (by her).
她照顾她的祖母。
6.带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
带有复合宾语(宾语+宾 语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的
主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。
如：His teacher found him a very good pupil.
→ He was found a very good pupil by his teacher.
他的老师发现他是一个很好的学生。
7.变被动语态的其他注意点
（1） 在主动句中, let, make, see, hear等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to,但在被动句中,
则要保留to。
如：Linda’s parents make her practice the piano every Sunday.
→Linda is made to practice the piano every Sunday.
琳达的父母亲使她每天练习钢琴。
（2） 有些及物动词如have(有),reach, cost等,以及有些连系动词如smell, taste, sound, feel等,
不用于被动语态。
如：【误】 Five dollars is cost by this book.
【正】 This book costs five dollars. 书花费了5元。
【误】 The food is tasted nice.
【正】 The food tastes nice. 食物尝起来挺好。
（3） 如move, lock, shut, open等作不及物动词与can’t, won’t等连用时,以及如read, write,
wash, clean等作不及物动词与well, easily等副词连用时,已含有被动意义,因此形式上不再采
用被动结构。
如：The door won’t open. 门不能开了。
The clothes wash well. 衣服洗好了。
【真题再现】
1. We're sure that the environment in our city ______ greatly through our work in the near
future.
A. improved B. was improved C. has improved D. will be improved

2. The pet dog is warm and loving. It ______ as a daughter of my family.
A. treats B. treated C. is treated D. was treated
3. When Tim ______ why he was late for school, he just kept silent.
A. was asked B. asked C. was asking D. is asked
4. He is very surprised that all the houses in the village ______ white. A. paint B.
painted C. are painting D. are painted
5. If it isn't fine this weekend, our spring field trip _______.
A. is cancelled B. was cancelled C. will be cancelled
6. A. new hospital ________ in my town next year. A. builds B. built
C. is built D. will be built
7. — Tom! I looked for you everywhere at the party last night.
— Oh, I to the party.
A. am invited B. was invited C. am not invited D. wasn’t invited
8. Many students _________ changes to show themselves in class because the class size is
too big
A. don't give B. aren't given C. haven't given D. won't give
9. Pukou Railway Station ________ in 1911 and it has become a filming location for films and
TV plays in recent years．
A．build B．is built C．built D．was built
10. —Your school is so beautiful． —Thanks! A modern stadium and a big garden _______ to
make it nicer this year．
A．will be built B．has been built C．is built
model cars ________ in China in 2013.
A. are made B. were made C. make D. made
12. — Don’t smoke here, Dad. Smoking ________ in public places.
— Oh, sorry. I’ll stop right now.
A. isn’t allowed B. aren’t allowed C. doesn’t allow
13. Many houses _________ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless. A.
damaged B. were damaged C. were damaging D. are damaged
14. Now it’s much easier to shop online. When your order is ready, the things you want to buy
to you soon.
A. send B. were sent C. are sending D. will be sent
15. The telephone ________ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876．
A．is invented B．invented C．was invented
16. — Hobo, can I eat the hamburger?
— Sure, if the dishes ________．
A．wash B．are washed C．will wash D．will be washed
17. The poor girl ________ by the unfriendly boys when she told her story．
A．laughed at B．was laughed at C．laughs at D．is laughed
18. The novel ________ by many people today.
A. is read B. are read C. reads D. were read
19. You can’t wear shoes inside this place. It ________.
A. doesn’t allow B. isn’t allowed
C. hasn’t allowed D. wasn’t allowed

【答案与解析】
1. D。句意：我们相信，通过努力，我们城市的环境在不久的将来会得到巨大的改善。
根据in the near future可知，应用一般将来时；环境应该是被改善，所以用被动语态，故选
D项。
2. C。句意：这只宠物狗既友好又令人喜爱。它被当作我家的女儿一样对待。由于主语
it 和动词treat构成被动关系，故本题须用被动语态。又由题干中的is warm可知应用一般现
在 时的被动语态，其结构为：amisare＋动词的过去分词。故答案为C项。
3. A。句意：当T im被问到他为什么上学迟到时，他只是保持沉默。由句意可知主语
是动作的承受者，又因为题干中的动 词都为过去式，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，故答
案为A项。
4. D。句意为“他对村子 里所有的房子都被粉刷上白色感到惊讶”，因为房子是不能自
己刷上白色的，所以必须用被动语态。
5. C。句意：这个周末如果天气不好，我们的春游将被取消。if引导条件状语从句，遵
循 “主将从现”原则，故此处主句应用一般将来时的被动语态，故答案为C项。
6. D。句意：明年在 我家乡要建一所新医院。医院与建造为被动关系，应用被动语态，
故排除A、B两项；由next year(明年)可知用一般将来时。故选D。
7. D。本题意为：——Tom!昨晚在聚会上我到 处找你。——噢，我没被邀请去聚会，故
本题应用一般过去时的被动语态，故答案选D。
8. B。句意：很多学生在上课的时候都没有机会展示自己，因为班级人数太多。学生应
该被给予机会，所以 应该使用被动语态，故选B项。
9. D。句意：浦口火车站建于1911年，近年来它已经成为电影和电视剧的拍摄地。根
据in 1911可知，应用一般过去时；火车站是被建的，所以用被动语态，故选D项。
10. A。 由语境可知，今年还会建一个现代化的体育场和一座大花园，这会使校园更漂亮。
一般将来时的被动语态 ，故选A。
11. B。句意：这些模型汽车是中国2013年制造的。由时间状语in 2013可知时态为过去
时，model cars与动词make之间为被动关系，故选B。
12. A。句意为“在公共场所吸烟不被允许”，考查被动语态，smoking应视作单数，故选
择A。
13. B。句意：很多房子都被地震毁坏了，成千上万的人无家可归。根据句意和句中的
“thousands of people were left homeless”可知，这里用的是一般过去时态，并且many houses
和damage构成被动关系，是一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。
14. D。句意：现在在网上购物容易的多啦。当你的订单准备好了，你想买的东西时很快
就会送给你。thi ngs是send这一动作的承受者，该用被动语态。根据soon一词可知用一般
将来时，所以该用一 般将来时的被动语态形式，因此选D。
15. C。句意：Alexander Graham Bell于1876年发明了电话。由“in 1876”可知，应用一般
过去时；且主语“the telephone”是invent动作的承受者，因此应用被动语态，故选C。
16. B。if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句时，从句应用一般现在时表示将来；“the dishes”
与wash之间存在被动关系，应用被动语态。因此，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。
17. B。laugh at意为“嘲笑”。本句是一个复合句，根据“when she told her story”可知，主句
应用一般过去时，故排除C、D两项；主句主语“the poor girl”是动作laugh at的承受者，应
使用一般过去时的被动语态。句意为：当那位可怜的女 孩讲述她的故事时，被那些不友好的
男孩嘲笑了，故选B。
18. A。主语是the novel，所以谓语要用单数形式，所以排除答案B和D；题中出现明显
时间词today，所以时态 应为一般现在时，故答案为A。

19. B。句意：你不能在这里穿鞋子，这是不 允许的。这里的it是句子的主语，它与allow
之间是被动关系，用被动语态（构成：be + 及物动词的过去分词）；作为一项规则，用一般
现在时，故选B。

【巩固练习】
I.单项选择。
1. —It’s reported that some capsules（胶囊）are really bad for our health.
—Sounds terrible. Hopefully the problem as soon as possible.
A. is solved B. has solved C. was solved D. will be solved
2. Many trees and flowers _______ in our city every year.
A. planted B. are planted C. were planted
3. Last year, Shenzhou-8 _______ into the space. It made us proud.
A. is sent B. was sent C. sends D. sent
4. Thousands of houses _______ by the floods in Guangxi last month.
A. destroy B. destroyed C. have destroyed D. were destroyed
5．Last year lots of trees _______ to make our country more beautiful.
A．is planted B．was planted C．are planted D．were planted
6. Another railway station _____ in Changsha in 2011.
A. was built B. build C. will be built
7. The road ______ last year.
A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built
8. Last month a new law ________ in China to stop people from smoking in public places.
A. is passed B. passes C. had passed D. was passed
9. — Can you sing this English song?
—Of course, I can. It _______ many times on the radio.
A. taught B. has taught C. is taught D. has been taught
10. Teenagers ______ to follow the traffic rules.
A. should be taught B. should teach C. can be allowed
11. —What a clean and bright classroom, isn’t it?
— Yes, it’s always clean and bright because it ______ every day.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned
12. Students are _____ to speak loudly in the reading room.
A. told B. supposed C. not supposed D. allowed
13. The funny story made all of us _______ for a long time.
A. smiled B. laughed C. laugh D. to laugh
14. The old man looks very __________.
A. worry B. worrying C. worried D. to worry
15. —May I watch the football match on TV?
—If your homework ________ , you can watch it.
A. will do B. is done C. has done D. will be done
16. She _______ in the next room just now. She must be there now.
A. heard to sing B. was heard to sing C. heard singing D. heard sing
17. —My bike is broken?
—Why not have it _______?

A. repair B. repaired C. repairing D. to repair
18. He ______ make faces in class by the teacher yesterday.
A. asked not to B. asked to not C. was asked not to D. was asked to not
19. Coffee is ready. How nice it ________! Would you like some?
A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels
20. He was made ______ his homework for three hours by his mother.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. does
21. Oh, the milk ________ strange—do you think it’s OK to drink?
A. is tasted B. is tasting C. tastes D. tasted
22. These books should ________ to the library on time.
A. send B. be returned
C. give back D. be got back
23. Could you tell me which ________ best among the books on sale?
A. is sold B. sells C. are written D. writes
24. Most international business letters ________ in English.
A. is written B. are written
C. is writing D. are writing
25. You were noticed ______ the window_______ just now.
A. breaking, open B. to break, open C. opening, break D. to be broken, open
II.用所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. Do you know that young trees must _______ (water) once a week?
2. Some boys ______ (ask) to go fishing with their teacher after class yesterday afternoon, though
they didn’t want to.
3. My mother enjoys _______ (listen) to some popular songs.
4. Would you mind ______ (open) the door for me?
5. It is raining hard outside. You had better _______ (stay) at home.
6. Why not ______ (go) shopping with me this afternoon?
7. Listen! Someone ______ (sing) in your room. Who is it?
8. The students _________ (plant) more than two hundred trees so far.
9. Your mother ________ (watch) TV when we got to your house.
10. We will come and help you if it _______ (be) fine tomorrow.
【答案与解析】
I.单项选择。
1.D。句意为“希望问题能被尽快解决”。所以用一般将来时的被动语态，应选D。
2. B。句意为“每年我们城市要种许多树和花”。物作主语，又是一般现在时，所以要用一
般现在时的被动 语态。
3. B。句意为“去年神州八号被发送进入太空”。可知用一般过去时的被动语态。
4. D。本题是考查动词一般过去时的被动语态。由last month 可知用一般过去时，Thousands
of houses作主语，用被动语态，所以选D。
5. D。本题是考查动词一般过去时的被动语态，主语是lots of trees，所以选D。
6. C。本题是考查一般将来时的被动语态，有时间in 2016可知选C。
7. C。本题考查一般过去时的被动语态，因为the road是主语，用被动语态，时间是last year
用一般过去时，所以选C。
8. D。本题考查一般过去时的被动语态，因为a new law是主语，用被动语态，last month用一

般过去时，所以选D。
9. D。本题是考查动词现在完成时的被动语态，主语it 代替this English song，用被动语态，
又知到目前为止已经被教许多次了，用现在完成时，所以选D。
10. A。本题考查情态动词的被动语态，用should be done形式，句意为“青少年应该被教遵
循交通规则”。
11. C。本题考查动词一般现在时的被动语态，因为教室每天被清洁，所以选C。
12. C。本题是考查 be supposed to do的句式，意为“理应做某事”，这里表示否定，句意为
“学生本不 应该在阅览室里大声说话”所以选择C。
13. C。在动词make的后面用省略to的动词不定式即动词原形作宾语补足语，所以选择C。
14. C。本题是考查动词的过去分词的用法，过去分词worried在连系动词的后面作表语，相
当于形容 词，表示“感到担心”，所以选择C。
15. B。本题是if引导的条件状语从句，用一般现在时代 替一般将来时，本句的主语homework
不能执行后面的动作，所以用被动语态。综合考虑选择B。
16. B。本题是考查动词的被动语态的用法，动词短语hear somebody do som ething是用省略
to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中用带to的动词不定式，所以选 择B。
17. B。本题是考查动词的非谓语的用法。动词短语have something ＋过去分词表示“请别
人做……”的意思。所以在这个短语中用过去分词。
18. C。本题是考查动词的被动语态的用法，从句子意思判断应用被动语态，动词短语ask
somebody to do something的被动语态是be asked to do something，本句的时态是一般过去时，
所以选择C。
19. B。本题是考查连系 动词的用法，从句子的意思理解是咖啡闻起来很好的意思，所以用
连系动词smell。
20. B。本题是考查动词的被动语态的用法。动词短语make somebody do something的被动语
态是be made to do something，所以选择B。
21. C。此题易误选为A或B。taste是连系动词，它没有现在进行时或被动语态。正确答案
为C。
22. B。考查含有情态动词的被动语态用法。其结构为“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”。
23. B。“请告诉我展销的书中哪一种畅销，好吗？”sell作“销售”解，是不及物动词，不< br>用被动语态。此题易误选A。又如Butter sells very dear. 奶油卖得很贵。
24. B。本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。
25. B。本题是考查动词的被动语态的用法，动词短语notice somebody do something的被动
语态把省略的to还原，而break the window open意思是“砸开窗户”，因此排除D，所以选
择B。
II.用所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. be watered 2. were asked 3. listening 4. opening 5. stay
6. go 7. is singing 8. have planted 9. was watching 10. is