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高考英语被动语态用法详解

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-22 00:27
tags:被动语态讲解

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2020年10月22日发(作者:屈秉筠)


高考英语被动语态用法详解

一、单项选择被动语态
1

Due to the country’s growing rate of urbanization, China’s migrant population _______ to be
over 200 million by 2020.

A

predicts B

is predicted C

will have been predicted D

will be predicted

【答案】
B

【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意:由于中国城市化的速度不断提高,到
2020
年 ,中国
的流动人口预计将超过
2
亿。结合句意可知,用一般现在时态的被动语态,句子 主语是
population
,单数第三人称形式,故答案为
B
。该题容易误 选
D
项,是现在预计,而不是将
来预计,故用现在时态。


2

The two nurses ________ 100

000 yuan by the police but donated it to victims of the
explosion.

A

rewarded
C

have been rewarded
【答案】
D

【解析】

试题分析:句 意:这两位护士被警方奖赏
100

000
元,但是她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故 的受
害者。根据
“but donated it to victims of the e xplosion.”
,可知

她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受
害者

已经是发生在过去的事情,而

两位护士被警方奖赏
100

000


是发生在过去的过
去,故用过去完成时,且

两位护士



奖赏

是被动关系,故用被动语态,选D


考点:考查时态和语态

B

would be rewarded

D

had been rewarded


3
.一
When shall we start the restoration of the historic buildings?


Not until our plan________ by the committee


A

will be approved
C

is to approve
【答案】
D

【解析】

这题考查时态语态,
our plan

approve
是被动关系 ,用被动,选择
A

D

A
项是一般将
来时,not until
引导的是时间状语从句,不能用将来时,可以用一般现在时或现在完成
时,选
D


B

approves

D

has been approved


4

The affairs of each country should be by its own people.

A

elected B

settled

C

developed D

contained

【答案】
B

【解析】考查动词。句意为:各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决 。由句意可知,选
settle

意为

解决


elect
选举;
develop
发展;
contain
包含,控制。故选
B



5

Her own story ________ and this book is expected to come out next week.

A

had been written B

has been written

C

had written D

has written

【答案】
B

【解析】

句意:她自己的故事已经被写出来了,这部书有望下周出版。由句意可知, 应该用现在完
成时的被动语态。故选B。



6

—Are we about to have dinner?

—Yes

it ________ in the dining room.

A

serves B

is serving

C

is being served D

has been serving

【答案】
C

【解析】

考查时态。因
serve

it(dinner )
是动宾关系,要用被动语态;由问句中的
are about to(
即将
)
have dinner
和答语
Yes
可知 ,已



供应
dinner
了,故用现在进行时的被动语 态。故选
C



7

With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year.

A

is washing away
C

are washing away
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

本题考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。解题步骤:
1.
确定谓语单复数:根据
quantity
的用法,
quantities of

a quantity of
后面都可加不可数名词与可数名词复数,但
它们作主语时,
quantities of...
后面的谓语动词用复数,而
a quantity of...
的谓语动词 用单
数,故排除
A

D
项。
2.
确定第二空:随 着森林的被毁,土壤正在被冲走,故应该用现在
进行时的被动语态。句意:随着森林的被毁,大量的优质 土壤每年都被冲走。综上,故选
D
项。

【名师点拨】

quantities of

a quantity of
后面加可数名词复数,做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式;
quantities of
后面加不可数名词,做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式;
a quantity of
后面
加不可数名词,做主语时后面的谓语动词用单数形式。
quantities of money have
been sent there
大量的钱已经被送到那里;
A large quantity of money has been wasted.
大量的
钱已经被浪费;
2.A large quantity of books have been offered to us.
大量的书已经提供给我
们;
Quantities of nuts are on the table.
大量的坚果在桌子上。

B

is being washed away

D

are being washed away



8

--- Why don't we choose that road to save time?

--- The bridge to it .

A

has repaired
C

is being repaired
【答案】
C

【解析】

考查时态和语 态。句意为:
——
我们为什么不选那条路以节省时间呢?
——
通往那条路的< br>桥正在维修。桥正在被维修,故用现在进行时的被动语态。

答案:
C

B

is repaired

D

will be repaired


9

The plan for Xiongan New Area ______ officially on April 1, 2017.

A

announced B

was announced C

announces D

is announced

【答案】
B

【解析】考查时态与被动语态。句意:设立雄安新区的计划在< br>2017

4

1
日被官方宣
布。计划是被官方宣布 ,故用被动语态;动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
故选
B



10

107

The farmer said the PLA men came to rescue timely when they _____in the
snowstorm.

A

were trapping B

were being trapped

C

are trapping D

are being trapped

【答案】
B

【解析】考查过去进行时的被动语态 。句意:这位农民说他们在暴风雪中被困时,解放军
战士及时赶来营救。根据题干中的
said
判断从句中需要与过去相关的时态;根据短语
“be
trapped in”
排除
A

C
;句中表示

被暴风雪困住的时候

,故用过去进行时的被动语态,故

B


点睛:对时态的 选择,要在把握时态的基本用法的基础上,根据具体语境和题干中的时间
推断时态,同时关注特殊的结构 。


11

105

The International Olympic Committee announces here that an in crease of 15 events
to the program of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.

A

will make B

will be made

C

has been made D

had made

【答案】
B

【解析】考 查动词时态和语态。句意:国际奥委会宣布在
2020
年东京奥运会上将增加
15个比赛项目。从年份
2020
可以看出是将来的动作,项目和增加是被动关系,故要用将来 时
的被动,故选
B



12

It’s reported that China will not buy the Euro debt until some thorough research .

A

has been done
C

will be done
【答案】
A

【解析】

试题分析:考查时态及语态。句意:据报道,直到一些彻底的调查研究被做 出以后,中国
才会买进欧盟债务,含有
not ..until
的状语从句,主句一般 将来,从句表示已经做过研究之
后,所以用完成时表示,研究与做之间又是被动关系,由此综合两者,< br>A
正确。

考点:考查时态及语态

B

will have been done

D

had been done


13

—I wonder why Robert hasn’t shown up at the interview yet. It’s a pity if he missed

—I’m not sure, but he _______ in a traffic jam riding here.

A

could stuck
C

must have stuck
【答案】
D

【解析】

考查含情态动词的被动语态。上句 :我想知道为什么罗伯特面试还没有出现。如果他错过
了很可惜。下句:我不确定,但是他可能被困于交 通堵塞。此处表示对过去已经发生事情
的推测应该用情态动词的完成式,根据句意可知是被动,故答案为
D


B

should stuck

D

might have been stuck


14

—Are we about to having dinner?

—Yes, it ________ in the dining room.

A

serve B

is serving

C

is being served D

has been serving

【答案】
C

【解析】考查时态和语态 。句意:
——
我们准备去吃饭吗?
——
是的,饭菜正在餐厅被供
应。
it
是指饭菜,和动作
serve
之间是被动关系,且动作正在进行,四个选 项中只有
C

是现在进行时的被动语态,故选
C



15

––Are the repairs finished yet?

––Yes, they ______ when I came back home.

A

would be completed B

would complete

C

had completed D

had been completed

【答案】
D

【解析】考查被动语态。上句:修理被完成了吗?下句:是的, 当我回到家的时候它们已
经被完成。根据句意可知句子用过去完成时态的被动语态,故选
D


16

This project ______ considered thoroughly, and I’m sure it ______ finished on time.

A

must be; may be B

should be; can be


C

may be; must be
【答案】
B

【解析】

D

can be; should be

试题分析:句意:这个项目应该被全面地考虑,并且我确定可以 准时完成这个项目。
should be
表示

应该

这个项目要求考虑的全面,
can be
表示

能够

有能力完成这个项目,
所以选
B


考点:考查情态动词


17

A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two
days.

A

are trapping B

have been trapped

C

were trapping D

had been trapped

【答案】
D

【解析】

考查语态和时态。句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里 两天的旅游
者。
“who ___ in the mountains for two days”
是定语从句,修饰
two tourists

two tour ists

trap
之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由
risked< br>可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事
情,被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前,即
过去的过去

,该空应用过去完成时态。
综上,
D
选项正确。< br>
点睛:过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,即

过去的过


,其表达形式为
had done
,被动语态的表达形式为
had been done



18

I saw Jack in the lift this morning. He

around here for a long time.

A

won't be seen B

wasn't seen

C

hasn't been seen D

hadn't been seen

【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查 过去完成时态的被动语态。句意:今天早上我在电梯里看见杰克。他好久没在这附近
露面了。根据
this morning
可知这是过去的事情;再根据
for a long time< br>可知此空是更靠前
的动作,且句子主语
He

see
之间是一 种被动关系,所以用过去完成时态,故选
D



19

Are you going to attend the meeting ________ next Saturday?

A

holding B

hold

C

to hold D

to be held

【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语。 句意:你要参加下星期六举行的会议吗
?
根据


next Saturday
可知,事情还未发生,
the meeting

hold
之间是一种被动关系,所以用动词
不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语,且表示将来。故选
D



20

Please don’t stand up in class until you ______.

A

were told to
C

are told to
【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查省略句。句意:直到有人叫你站起来,你才可以在课堂上站起来。在一定的上下文
中,为了避免重 复,动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉,但是要保留动词不定式的符号
to

分析句子可 知,本句为一般现在时。故
C
选项正确。

【点睛】

to
代替不定式

在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,动词不定式在句中可以 被省略掉,但是要保留动词不
定式的符号
to

to
代替不定式,常 同
refuse, want, seem, intend, expect, hope, like, be afraid,
prefer, care, oblige, forget, wish, try

tell
等动词连用。

注意:如果不定式中含有
be, have,

have been
,一般要保留
be, have

have been


本句还原为:
Please don’t stand up in class until you are told to stand up
。省略句为:
Please
don’t stand up in class until you are told to
。故
C
选项正确。

B

are told

D

were told


21

Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now _____ later in life.

A

will be repaid
C

has been repaid
【答案】
A

【解析】

试题解析:考查时态辨析。根据句子末尾出现的时间状语
later in life
意为在以后的生活
中,可以判断为将来时态,此处要注意的是不要被前文的
now
混淆 ,
that you do now
在句
中充当
the hard work
的定语成分,与句子时态无关。故此处为将来时态。句意:不要担
心,你现在付出的努力在以后 一定会有所回报。故选
A


考点:考查时态辨析。

B

was being repaid

D

was repaid


22

After completing the training, I, together with my classmates, ____ to the town that was far
from the city.

A

were sent
【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】
< br>考查时态和主谓一致。句意:完成了训练,我和我的同学被送往了远离城市的一个小镇。
B

was sent C

have been sent D

has been sent


together wi th
(和)符合就远原则,故现在只看主语
I
,是单数;根据下文的
was< br>判断为一
般过去时,
send
和主语
I
之间是动宾关系,故用 被动语态,即一般过去时的被动语态,主
语是单数,故用
was sent
,故选
B
项。

【点睛】

本题考查就远 原则,即谓语动词的形式和前面的那部分主语保持一致。常见的符合就远原
则的词或短语有:
a s well as;(togetheralongcombined) with; rather than; except; besides; but;
including; in addition to; apart from

instead of



例如:

1. Nobody but two students is in the classroom.
除了这两个学生
,
没有人在教室。

2. Everybody except you is down on me.
除了你
,
大家都看不起我。

3. A woman with two children has come.
一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。

4. John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.
约翰
,
而不是他的室友
,
应该受到责备。


23

A number of foreigners______ to watch the 70
th
anniversary of the founding of the PRC on
Oct.1

A

Attracted
C

was attracted
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查动词时态语态。句意:
10

1
日 ,一些外国人被吸引来观看中华人民共和国成立
70
周年纪念活动。分析句子可知,
a ttract
是谓语动词,由时间状语
on Oct.1
可知,用一般过
去时 ,主语
foreigners

attract
是被动关系,故用一般过去时 的被动语态,且主语
foreigners
是复数,故选
D


B

have attracted

D

were attracted


24

As is expected, it will be not long before our domestically built aircraft Carriers _____ into
operation.

A

will be put
C

will have been put
【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】

考查动词时态语态。句意
:
按照预计,在不久的将来,我们国内制造的航母就会投入 使用。
时间状语从句中使用主将从现,如果主句是一般将来时
,
从句用一般现在时替代 一般将来
时。
before
是从句要用一般现在时。投入和主语是被动关系。故选B


B

are put

D

have been put


25

The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn’t read them until 3 days later.

A

were put
【答案】
A

B

was put C

put D

has put


【解析】

【分析】



【详解】


考查被动语态。句意:给老板的那些信放在他的办公桌上,但是 直到三天以后他才读了那
些信。
letter“
信件


p ut“


之间是被动的关系,所以排除
C

D
, 然后因为
letters
是复
数,谓语动词用
were put,
故选
A



26

We didn’t play football match________.

A

was canceled B

is canceled

C

has canceled D

had canceled

【答案】
A

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态语态。句意:昨天我们没有踢足球, 比赛取消了。根据句意可知,
match

cancel
之间是被动关系,所 以用被动语态;由
yesterday
可知,这是发生在过去的一件事
情,故用一般过 去时的被动语态,故选
A



27

—The hurricane ____ to reach the coast tomorrow morning.

—If so, we’d better make full preparations for it.

A

will be predicted
【答案】
D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查动词的时态及语态。句意:
——
预测飓风明天早上会到达海岸。
——
如果是这样的
话,我们最好做好充分的准 备。
A. will be predicted
将被预测;
B. is predicting
正在被预测;
C. has predicted
已经预测;
D. is predicted
被预测。分析句子可知,空格处的主语是
the
hurrica ne
与动词
predict
二者是被动关系,要用被动语态。
B
和< br>C
是主动语态,故不正确。
根据第二句话可知,飓风明天早上才到,现在还没到,即飓风 到达海岸是现在做出的预
测,所以要用一般现在时,故选
D


B

is predicting C

has predicted D

is predicted


28

—Why didn’t you attend the assembly this morning?

—But I ________ anything about that.

A

didn’t tell
【答案】
C

【解析】

B

haven’t told C

hadn’t been told D

haven’t been told


【详解】

考查时态和语态。句意:
——
你为什么没 有参加今天早上的集会?
——
没人告诉我。主语
I

tell
之间是动宾关系,故用被动语态,又

没有告诉

的动作发生在今天早上之 前,即过
去之过去,故用过去完成时的被动语态,即
had been done
,故选
C
项。


29

Commercial and recreational fishing _______ population sizes and also made individuals
smaller, since big fish _______ and smaller ones thrown back.

A

decreased; kept
C

has decreased; keep
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查 时态和语态。句意:商业和休闲捕鱼减少了种群规模,也使个体变小,因为大鱼被保
留下来,小鱼被扔回 大海。结合句意第一空是强调现在的结果,用现在完成时态;第二空
是一般现在时态的被动语态,主语< br>big fish

keep
是被动关系,故答案为
D


B

had decreased; are kept

D

has decreased; are kept


30

—Have you moved into the new house?

—Not yet. It ________.

A

has been built B

was built

C

is being built D

had been built

【答案】
C

【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:
——
你搬进新家了吗?
——
仍旧没 有,它仍旧正
在建设。根据语境可知,
It
指代上文提到的
the new house
,是第三人称单数,与
built
是被
动关系,用被动语态,结合 句意,
built
这一动作表示正在进行的动作。故选
C


不能英语-水晶英语


音标记忆顺口溜-超过的英文


woof是什么意思-班鸠


憧憬的读音-上进心什么意思


狗彘不食-西南的英文


中国合伙人英文台词-副族元素


afford形容词-倒鸭子


丞相的意思-在困境中英语



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