私塾的意思-Points什么意思中文
非谓语动词
【非谓语动词】
构成：（to）+动词原形
动词不定式
非
在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）
谓
构成：V.-ing
语 动名词
动
用法（主、宾、表、定）
词
构成：V. -ing V.-ed（规则变化）
分词
用法（表、补、定、状）
（一）动名词
一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成
二、动名词的句法功能
功能
主语
宾语 动词宾语
介词宾语
表语
定语
例句
Eating too much is
bad for your health.
吃得太多对你的健康有害。
I like
playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。
表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或
Stamps are used for sending
letters.邮票是被用来寄信
的。
His hobby is collecting
stamps.
=Collecting stamps is his hobby.
She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。
We
should improve our teaching
methods.我们应该改进
教学方法。
注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind,
be worth, be busy,
practice, have fun, have
troubleproblem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be
used to（习惯于）, give up, keep
on, consider,
suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。
完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）
继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）
考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like）
喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）
（二）动词不定式
一、动词不定时的构成
不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to
是不定式符号，本身无词义，动
词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。
1
说明
谓语动词用单数形式。
经常性的动作。
多数情况下，动名词作表语可转
化成作主语。
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所
属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。
二、动词不定式的句法功能
功能 例句
主语
表语
宾语
宾补
speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。
说明
而把不定式放在后面。
To speak English is not
easy for us=It is not easy for us to
作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，
My work is to clean the
room everyday.=To clean the room
多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主
every day is my work.
我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 语。
—What sports does he like
to play?他喜欢做什么运动？
—He likes to play
basketball.他喜欢打篮球。
My mother made me play the
piano all the time.
我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。
只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾
语。
在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、
感官动词后，不定式省略to。
不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。
定语
Have you got
anything to say? 你有要说的吗？
状语
I'm sorry to
trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。
不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语
I went to the library to
study English.（表目的） 一致。
1. 不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末
其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for of sb.）+动词不定式
如：To
learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to
learn English well.
It’s important for
us to protect the environment.
注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：
It's very kind of you to help me.
你帮助我真是太好啦。
It's very clever of you to
do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。
2. 不定式作宾语
①
有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：
would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan,
expect等。如：
Would you like to see a film
this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？
②在find,
think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：
I
find it easy to read English every day.
③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式
Why not do..., Why don't you
do..., had better（not）do..., would rather do,
couldwouldwill you please（not）do...
I would
rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。
3. 不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：
Lucy asked
him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。
tell,
ask, want, allow, get, would like,
encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
My mother
encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：
一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make,
have）、四看（look at, see, watch,
notice）。
但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：
2
My friends were made to work the
whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
4.
不定式作定语
①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。
5.不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where,
how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：
The teacher is telling
the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。
He
didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。
例题
( )1. Tom's mother told him
_______ eating too much meat.
A:
stopping B: to stop C: stops
D: stopped
( )2. We don't know ________ it
next. Let's go and ask Mr. Li.
A: what to
do B: to do what C: whether to do
D: to do whether
( )3. How kind you are!
You always do what you can _______me.
A:
help B: helping C: to help
D: helps
( )4 Drivers shouldn't be allowed
________after drinking, or they will break the
law.
A: drive B: driving
C: to drive
( )5. Water Park is a good
place________.
A: to have fun B:
have fun C: having fun D: to
have a fun
( )6. Take time to relax by
listening to music, reading a book or just
spending some time alone. Relaxing
allows you
_______to your studies with more energy.
A:
return B: to return C:
returning
( )7. Nick, would you mind
________those old jeans? They look terrible.
A: not to wear B: not wear C:
wearing not D: not wearing
( )8.
—_______ a volunteer is great.
—I think so.
Some of us want _______volunteers for the London
Olympics.
A: Being；being B: To
be；being C: Being；to be D: To be；to
be
( )9.—Don't forget ______your history and
politics books tomorrow morning.
—Thanks.
I won't.
A: bring B: to bring
C: bringing
( )10.—What about _______a rest?
—OK. Let's go out and have a walk.
A: to take B: takes C:
taking
( )11. —I like this set of sofa so
much, but I don't know ______it in my small house.
—You're supposed to put it in the living
room.
A: where to put B: why to put
C: how to put
( )12. While we were running
on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped ______and
lay on the ground, so
we all stopped
_______what was wrong with him.
A: to run;
to see B: running; seeing C:
running; to see
( )13. May I have a rest? I
have already finished ______the report.
3
A: write B:
writing C: to write D: written
( )14.—I feel a bit hungry now.
—Why
not _______for dinner with us?
A: go
B: did you go C: to go D: do you
go
练习
( )1. Granny often tells us
________water in our daily life.
A: save
B: saving C: to save D:
saves
( )2. Richard turned off the computer
after he had finished ________the email.
A:
write B: to write C: writing
D: wrote
( )3.—We can use QQ to chat with
each other on the Internet.
—Really? Will
you please show me ______it?
A: how to use
B: what to use C: how can I use D:
what can I use
( )4.—Where's your brother
now，Bob?
—I saw him ________ in the street
a moment ago and I told him _______.
A:
playing；don't do so B: playing；not to do so
C: play；to do so
( )5. As teenagers,
we're old enough _______with housework. We can
help set the table, wash the dishes
and clean
our own rooms.
A: to help B:
helping C: helped
( )6.
Nancy is really a hard-working student. We often
see her _______books in the classroom.
A:
read B: to read C: reads
( )7 Mrs. Smith made her students _______the
compositions three times a week.
A: write
B: to write C: written D:
writing
( ) often makes his sister ,
but yesterday he was made by his sister.
A: cry; to cry B: to cry; cry
C:cry; cry D: to cry; to cry
(
)9. You'd better _______ too much time playing
computer games.
A: don't spend B: not
to spend C: to not spend D: not
spend
( )10. More and more young people are
trying to do something _______the old.
A:
served B: to serve C: serve
D: serves
( )11. Why not _______ an English
club to practice _______ English?
A. to
join; to speak B. join; speaking C. join;
to speak D. to join; speaking
( )12.
When we came to the gate, he stopped _________ me
go in first.
A. to let B. to
tell C. to allow D. to ask
( )13. She saw some boys _________ soccer on
the playground when she was on the way to the
classroom.
A. played B. to play
C. playing
( )14. —How about going
shopping this weekend, Peter?
—Sorry, I
prefer _________ rather than _________.
A.
to stay at home; go out B. to go out; stay
at home
C. staying at home; go out D.
Going out; stay at home
( )15. It's a good
habit _________ every day.
A. to keep doing
exercise B. to stay up late C. to make much
noise D. to too much
4
( )16. —It's hot. Would you mind my
_________ the window.
—__________. Do it as
you like, please!
A. to open; OK B.
opening; Certainly not C. closing; Of course
D. Open; Good idea
( )17. Who do you think
you'd like _________ with you, a boy or a girl?
A. to let to go B. letting to go
C. to let go D. let go
( )18. The
house was so dirty. They decided _________.
A. clean it up B. to clean it up C.
clean up it D. cleaning up
( )19. I
heard someone _______ the door and .
A. open; come in B. to open; to come in
C. open; come into D. to open; to come into
( )20. The girl was heard _________ the
piano in the next room.
A. plays
B. to play C. played D.
play
5
6