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最新被动语态专项练习及答案详解

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-22 00:32
tags:被动语态讲解

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2020年10月22日发(作者:禹之鼎)


最新被动语态专项练习及答案详解

一、单项选择被动语态
1

in a red dress, she was easy to in the big crowd at the airport.

A

Being dressed; pick out
C

Dressed; be picked out
【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】

考查 过去分词和动词短语。句意:因为她穿着红色的裙子,所以在机场的人群中很容易被
认出来。
b e dressed in
穿着
……
,作状语表状态,故用
dressed

sb be easy to do sth
主动形
式表达被动意思,所以用
pick out
。故
B
选项正确。

【点睛】

主动形式表被动意义的不定式

1.
主语+
be +adj. +to do


能用于此句型的形容词有
: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(
使人疲劳的
),
interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.
注意:当上述 形容词在句中作宾语补
足语,后接不定式时,不定式也用主动形式表达被动含义。

2.
主语
+be +adj. + enough +to do


3.
主语
+be +too +adj. +to do

4.
不定式短语作后置定语时,如果主语是不定式动词短语的逻辑主语。则采用不定式的主
动形式表被动概念。

I have a meeting to attend today.

be
句型中,用来修饰主语的不定式多用主动。

6.


疑问代词
+
不定式

结构中。

, to blame, to seek
等用不定主动形式表示被动含义。

8. with+O.+to do
结构中,不定式作宾补时,常用主动表被动,且表将要发生的动作。

分析句子可知,
sb be easy to do sth
主动形式表达被动含义,符合第一点用法。所以用
pick
out
。故
B
选项正确

B

Dressed; pick out

D

Having dressed; pick out


2
.一
When shall we start the restoration of the historic buildings?


Not until our plan________ by the committee


A

will be approved
C

is to approve
【答案】
D

【解析】

这题考查时态语态,
our plan

approve
是被动关系 ,用被动,选择
A

D

A
项是一般将
来时,not until
引导的是时间状语从句,不能用将来时,可以用一般现在时或现在完成
时,选
D


B

approves

D

has been approved


3

—The manager has come back from his business trip. He is asking you for the report.

— Oh

my god ! I haven’t finished it yet. But he ________ back at the company tomorrow.

A

was expected
C

expected
【答案】
A

【解析】

试题分析:考查时态和语态。句意:
——
经理出差回来了 。他正在问你要报告。
——
哦,
天哪,我还没完成呢。但是本来预计他明天回公司。根 据语境,是过去预料他明天会回
来,而且经理是被预计,故用一般过去时的被动。故选
A


【名师点睛】时态的考查要根据本句的句意,这句话一定要根据上下文判断动作发生的时
间,要细心体会语境。还要注意时态语态。

考点:考查时态和语态

B

will expect

D

will be expected


4

—The window is dirty.

—I know. It ________ for weeks.

A

hasn’t cleaned
C

wasn’t cleaned
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

本题考查时态和语态。解题步骤:
1.
确定时态:这里 表达过去没有擦窗户的事情对现在的
影响就是窗户很脏,现在完成时可以表示过去发生的事情对现在的影 响,也可以表示过去
发生的事情持续到现在。
2.
确定语态:主语
it与谓语
clean
为被动关系。句意:

窗户很
脏。

我知道,这些窗户已经很几个星期没有被擦了。故选
D


B

didn’t clean

D

hasn’t been cleaned


5

Now the world’s attention ________ the stocking markets, as they have great influence on
the world’s economy.

A

is fixing on B

is being fixed on

C

has fixed on D

had been fixed on

【答案】
B

【解析】考查时态语态。句意:现 在世界关注的焦点都在股票市场上,因为它们对世界经
济已经产生了很大的影响。
atten tion

focus
之间为被动关系,
Now
提示用现在进行时。


6

—Are we about to have dinner?

—Yes

it ________ in the dining room.

A

serves B

is serving

C

is being served D

has been serving

【答案】
C

【解析】


考查时态。因serve

it(dinner)
是动宾关系,要用被动语态;由问句中的are about to(
即将
)
have dinner
和答语< br>Yes
可知,已



供应
dinner
了 ,故用现在进行时的被动语态。故选
C



7

When I got to his house, I found that the walls _____ .

A

are being painted B

are painting

C

were being painted D

were painting

【答案】
C

【解析】考查过去进行时态的被动 语态。句意:当我到达他家的时候,我发现墙正在被粉
刷。根据句意可知用过去进行时态的被动语态,故 选
C



8

—I wonder why Robert hasn’t shown up at the interview yet. It’s a pity if he missed

—I’m not sure, but he _______ in a traffic jam riding here.

A

could stuck
C

must have stuck
【答案】
D

【解析】

考查含情态动词的被 动语态。上句:我想知道为什么罗伯特面试还没有出现。如果他错过
了很可惜。下句:我不确定,但是他 可能被困于交通堵塞。此处表示对过去已经发生事情
的推测应该用情态动词的完成式,根据句意可知是被 动,故答案为
D


B

should stuck

D

might have been stuck


9

Various efforts ________ in the past decades to protect the environment.

A

had made B

have made

C

were made D

have been made

【答案】
D

【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的几十年里,为保护环境做出了各种努力。根据
in the past decades
可知句子用现在完成时态,
efforts
是句子 主语,复数形式,和谓语动词
make
之间是被动关系,所以此处用现在完成时态的被动语态, 故答案为
D



10

The headmaster in our school hopes that we will be more ambitious when we graduate than
when we ________ admitted.

A

will get
C

got
【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查语态。句意:我们校长希望我们在毕业的时候比入学的时候更有雄心壮 志。从句中主

we
和动词
admit
是被动关系,入学发生在过去 ,此处用一般过去时的被动语态;
got

此相当于
were
,故选
C


B

get

D

have got



11

A new function of China’s official train ticket booking website ______to boost buyers’
chances of obtaining a ticket during the upcoming Spring Festival travel rush.

A

will be expected B

expects C

has been expected D

is expected

【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态。句意:中国火车票预订官网的一项 新功能有望在即将到来的春运期间增加购票
机会。
be expected to do
表示

有望
……”
,常用于一般现在时,故
D
项正确。< br>

12

You can’t move in right now. The house _____ now.

A

has painted B

is painted

C

is being painted D

is painting

【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查语态。句意:你现在不能搬进来
,
房子正在被粉刷。 根据句意可知,此处应使用现在进
行时的被动语态。故
C
选项正确。


13

I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ______ the cloth ______ well.

A

have told

washes
C

was told

washed
【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】

考查 语态时态。句意:因为我已经被告知这种布料很好洗,于是我想去买这种布。第一空
中使用现在完成时表 示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,且
I

tell
是被动关系,所以使用现在完成时的被动形式。第二空中动词
wash
与副词
well
连用,用 主动形式表示被动含
义。故
B
项正确。

【点睛】

小题
2
中考查了主动表示被动的用法,涉及

主语
+
不及 物动词
+
主语补语

句型中的一些不
及物动词使用主动表示被动的用 法。具体用法如下:

1)
系动词没有被动形式
,
但有些系动词常表 示被动意义。常见的有
taste(
吃起来
), sound (

起来
), prove(
证明是
), feel(
摸上去感到
)

,
例如
:

Your reason sounds reasonable.
你的理由听起来很合理。


Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.
良药苦口。

2)
一些与
can't(
不能
)

won't(
不会< br>)
连用的动词。常用的有
: lock(
锁住
), shut(
关上
) , open
(打开,营业)
, close
(关门)
, cut
(切割)
, weigh
(重)
, act
(上演)
,
例如
:

The door won't open.
这门打不开。
It can't move.
它不能动。

B

have been told

washes

D

have been told

is washed


This shop opens much earlier than it used to. Each stone weighs 2 tons.

3)
一些与
well(

), easily(
容易地
), perfectly(
十分地
)
等连用的动词
,

: sell, wash, clean,
burn, cook, wash, write, last, read, wear
等。这种

动词
+
副词

结构,常表示事物内部特有
的属性。例如
:

The book sells well.
这种书很畅销。

These clothes wash well.
这些衣服很耐洗。

4)
用 在

主语
+
不及物动词
+
主语补语

句型 中的一些不及物动词
,

例如
:This material has worn thin.
这料子已磨薄了。


The dust has blown into the house.
灰尘被风吹进了房子。


This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.

The

pen

my

father

gave

me

as

a

birthday

gift

writes

smoothly.

Written in simple English, this article reads easily.


5)
某些不及物动词,如
happen, occur, cost
以及短语,如
come out
(出版)
, come up
(出现)
, come into being
(产生)

come to one’s mind
(想起)
, turn out
(证明是)
,
come about
(发生)
, break out
(爆发)
, belong to
(属于)等,本身表被动含义,所以
它们常用主动形式。

The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the
18th century.

Suddenly an idea came to his mind. It never occurred to me to phone you.


14

Our teacher keeps telling us that the future to the well-educated.

A

belonging
【答案】
B

【解析】

考查短语:
belong to
属于,没有进行时态没有被动语态。故答案选
B


B

belongs C

is belonging D

is belonged


15

This is one of the best films _______.

A

that have been shown this year
C

that has been shown this year
【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查 定语从句和时态。句意:这是今年上映的最好的电影之一。此处为定语从句,先行词

the one
,有最高级
the best
修饰,关系代词应该用
that
,在从句中作主语,语境表明使
用现在完成时,而且谓语要用第三人称单数,故
C
项 正确。

B

that have shown

D

that you talked


16

If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.

A

had been put
【答案】
A

【解析】

B

were put C

should be put D

would be put


【分析】
























































































【详解】


考查虚拟语气。句意:如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话 ,这个事故就不会发生


了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语用
had done
形式,此外根据句意可
知是被动,用被动语态,故
A
项是正 确的。

【点睛】


英语中的三种语气,语气是动词的一种形式, 用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。陈
述语气(疑问,否定,肯定,感叹)祈使语气(命令,要求, 建议,警告)虚拟语气:不
可能发生的事,愿望,建议,与事实相反的假设等
.
虚拟语 气在条件中的具体用法真实条件

If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.
虚拟条件句(假设情况不存在,实现机会很
小)
If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the
从句的谓语动词主句谓语动词< br>1.
与现在事实
相反动词过去式(
be
一律用
were

wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原形
2.
与过去事 实相反
had donewouldcouldmightshould+have done3.与将来事实可能相反
a.
动词过去式(
be
一律

we re

+
动词原形(不能用
would

to+
动词原形
wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原形与现在事实相反
i f
从句:动词过去式(
be---were
)主
句:
wouldco uldmightshould+
动词原形
If we had time, we would go with I were you, I
shouldn’t do it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.
与过去事实相反
if
从句:
had done

句:
wouldcouldmightshould+have doneIf the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have
succeeded.I could have done it better if I had been more he hadn’t been ill, he might
have come.3.
与将来事实可能相反
if
从句:
a.动词过去式(
be
一律用
were

+
动词原形(不能用
would

to+
动词原 形主句:
wouldcouldmightshould+
动词原

If he came tomorrow, I would tell him it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at
home and watch it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go he come
tomorrow, please give the book to him.
错综时间 条件句在虚拟语气中,有时条件从句动作发
生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的,称为错综时间条 件句。这种句子的形式往往
要根据句子的时间相调整,分别处理。
If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know
what to do you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right you
had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now. (
有时时间会省略)含蓄条
件句有时虚拟条件不用
if
条件从句,而用介词或 介词短语来表示。
They would not be able
to live without him.
(如果没有)
He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.
(要
不是)
=if it had not been forIf only you had worked with greater care!(
要是
......
就好了)
You
would have done the same thing in her a little more care you could have avoid the
traffic accident .
虚拟结合条件句在虚拟语气中,假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方
式表现出来,并且 虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would
have taken part in the singing competition.
(实
------
虚)
=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill
that day, I would have taken part in the singing would have bought the piano, but
he didn’t have enough money.
(虚
------
实)
=He would have bought the piano if he had had
enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money.
省略
if
倒装条件句在虚拟语气中,
if
从句假设的情况中如果有助动词
had, should

were
,那么可省略
if
,把
had, should

were
放在句首构成倒装,简称省略
if
倒装条件 句。
If he had finished the work yesterday, he
would have gone to the concert with you.=Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have


gone to the concert with I were you, I wouldn’t do that.=were I you, I wouldn’t do I
should meet him, I would tell him about it.=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.


17

More efforts, as reported, _____ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural
reform.

A

are made
C

are being made
【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】
< br>考查时态和语态。句意:据报道,未来几年将会有更多的努力来加快供给侧结构性改革。
本句的时 间状语
in the years ahead
"在将来的几年"和一般将来时连用,且
efforts
与动词
make
构成被动关系,所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般 将来时的被动语态形式,故
B

正确。

B

will be made

D

have been made



18

It was announced that only when the fire was under control __________to return to their
homes.

A

the residents would be permitted

B

had the residents been permitted

C

would the residents be permitted

D

the residents had been permitted

【答案】
C

【解析】

句意:通报说,只有火势得到控制了居民们才被允许回家。这里
I t
是形式主语,真正的主
语是
that
引导的从句;
that
引导的主语从句中,"
only+
状语从句"位于句首,状语从句对
应的主句要用倒 装语序,且此处表示过去将来,故选
C



19

With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ___in the past few years.

A

discovered
C

had been discovered
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查 时态语态。句意:因为有高科技的帮助,在最近几年中,越来越多的新物质已经被发
现了。根据时间状语
in the past few years,
说明使用现在完成时。根据句意新物质和发明 之
间用被动形式。故
D
正确。

B

have discovered

D

have been discovered


20

—Do you like the mobile game Traveling Frog?


—Yes, the posts about the virtual green frog ________ over 4 million times.

A

have read
C

would be read
【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】
< br>考查时态和语态。句意:
——
你喜欢手机游戏旅行青蛙吗?
——
是的, 关于虚拟绿蛙的帖
子已经被阅读了
400
多万次。
The posts

read
是被动关系,用被动语态,

已经被阅读过


用完成时态,故选
B


B

have been read

D

are reading


21

After completing the training, I, together with my classmates, ____ to the town that was far
from the city.

A

were sent
【答案】
B

【解析】

【详解】
< br>考查时态和主谓一致。句意:完成了训练,我和我的同学被送往了远离城市的一个小镇。
toge ther with
(和)符合就远原则,故现在只看主语
I
,是单数;根据下文的< br>was
判断为一
般过去时,
send
和主语
I
之间是 动宾关系,故用被动语态,即一般过去时的被动语态,主
语是单数,故用
was sent
,故选
B
项。

【点睛】

本题考查就远 原则,即谓语动词的形式和前面的那部分主语保持一致。常见的符合就远原
则的词或短语有:
a s well as;(togetheralongcombined) with; rather than; except; besides; but;
including; in addition to; apart from

instead of



例如:

1. Nobody but two students is in the classroom.
除了这两个学生
,
没有人在教室。

2. Everybody except you is down on me.
除了你
,
大家都看不起我。

3. A woman with two children has come.
一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。

4. John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.
约翰
,
而不是他的室友
,
应该受到责备。

B

was sent C

have been sent D

has been sent


22

By the end of last year, another new hospital __________ in our city.

A

would complete
C

was completed
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查时态及语态。句意:去年年底为止,我们这座城市又建了一个新的医院。句中有
by
the end of
表示



为止

如果后面接过去的时间,句子要用过去完成时。本句中
by the end
of last year

by
后是过去的时间状语,句子要用过去完成时,故选
D


B

would be completed

D

had been completed


【点睛】

By
表示时间,意为


......
时为止

;该词经常与完成时连用。如果后接
by
后 面是现在的时
间,句中就使用现在完成时;如果
by
后面是过去的时间状语,就使用过 去完成时;如果后
面是将来的时间,就使用将来完成时。

By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words.

到他十岁时
,
他已学了约一千个英语

By 2012the population of this city will have risen to 20 millon.


2020
年,这个城市的人口将增至二千万。

By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeting.

当简到家时,她的姑妈已经动身去伦敦参加一个会议了


23

In the 1980s in this village, there were only muddy roads to the outside, and concrete ones
________ yet.

A

haven’t built
【答案】
D

【解析】

【详解】

考查动词时态及语态。句意:在
20
世纪
80
年代,这个村庄只有泥 泞的道路通往外面,混
凝土的道路还没有建成。根据语境可知,

混凝土的道路还没有 建

表示的动作发生在
“there
were only muddy r oads”
这一过去的动作之前,属于

过去的过去

,应使用过去 完成时;
build

concrete ones
是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态。故选
D


B

haven’t been built C

hadn’t built D

hadn’t been built


24

The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn’t read them until 3 days later.

A

were put
【答案】
A

【解析】

【分析】

B

was put C

put D

has put



【详解】


考查被动语态。句意: 给老板的那些信放在他的办公桌上,但是直到三天以后他才读了那
些信。
letter“
信件


put“


之间是被动的关系,所以排除C

D
,然后因为
letters
是复
数,谓语动词用
were put,
故选
A



25

The coach, together with his players, __________ to the party held last Friday night, aiming
to celebrate their win in the match.

A

was invited
【答案】
A

B

were invited C

has been invited D

have been invited


【解析】

【详解】

考 查主谓一致与一般过去时的被动语态。句意:这个教练,和他的队员一起,被邀请去参
加上周五晚上举行 的聚会,目的是庆祝他们赢得比赛。根据句中的
“last Friday night
(上周
五晚上)

可知,这句话应使用一般过去时。句子主语为
The coach
,为第三人称单数形
式,
“together with…”
介词词组作主语的伴随状语,不能算作主语,所以谓语动词应与
The
coach
保持一致。故选
A


【点睛】
主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与它的主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。简单来讲,即在英
语组词成句 的过程中,主语的人称、数、格发生了变化,谓语也必须跟着变化,保证主语
和谓语之间关系的协调一致 。在英语语法中,这属于基本的知识点。主谓一致要遵循三个
原则,语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近 一致原则。其中语法一致原则指的是主语是单
数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动 词也是复数形式。当
than

with

as well as

along with

together with

like

rather than

exce pt

not

but

including
,< br>plus

besides

in addition to
等加名词或代词结构在主语后面时,谓语不受这些
短语影响,须和其前的主语一致。这属于语法一致原则 中的一种情况。例如本题中使用了
together with
结构,所以句子的谓语动词与主语
the coach
保持一致。


26

We won’t start the work until all the preparations __________.

A

are being made
C

have been made
【答案】
C

【解析】

【详解】

考查动词时态辨析。句意:我们得等到所有的准备工作都做好了才能开始工作。
are being
是现在进行时的被动形式;
will be made
是一般将来时的被动形式;
have been made
是现在
完成时的被动形式,用于强调动作产生的影响;
had been made
是过去完成时的被动形


。本题是主将从现的用法。主句是将来时 时,从句用现在时或相当于现在的时态;现在
完成时强调过去对现在的影响或动作从过去一直持续到现在 。故选
C


【点睛】

通常说来
,
在 时间状语从句中使用一般现在时代替将来时,前面的主句中使用将来时。在高
中英语中也使用现在完成时 代替将来时,表示到将来某个时间已经完成的事情。主句是
We won’t start
,从句用一般现在时或者现在完成时,故选
C


B

will be made

D

had been made



27

Neither Mary nor her parents ________ of the exciting news, which surprises us a lot.

A

has informed
C

has been informed
【答案】
D

B

have informed

D

have been informed


【解析】

【详解】

考查主谓一致及语态。句意: 玛丽和她的父母都没被告知这个令人兴奋的消息,这让我们
很吃惊。根据句意可知,此处使用被动语态;
neither…nor
(既不,也不)有就近原则,只
看离谓语动词最近的主语,这 里
her parents
是复数,且是被告知,所以用
have been
informed
,故选
D
项。

【点睛】
本题考查就近原则。就近原则是指谓语动词的形式和离它最近的主语保持一致。英语中常
见的就近原 则的词或者短语有:
not…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…,
there be
句型,
whether…or…
,例如:

There is an apple and two bananas.
这有一个苹果和两根香蕉。

Not only you but also your father likes fishing.
不仅你,而且你爸爸也喜欢钓鱼。


28

–The pine tree in front of the lecture hall is so tall.

–Yes. It ______ nearly 20 metres.

A

measures
【答案】
A

【解析】

【详解】

考查 动词时态及语态。句意:
——
演讲厅前面的松树好高啊。
——
是的。它近20
米。
measure
此处意为

测量,量起来
…… ”
,为不及物动词,后接量的结果,不用于被动语态或
进行时态。此处为描述客观事实用一般现 在时,且主语为
it
,谓语动词需用第三人称单数
形式。故选
A
。< br>
B

is measured C

will measure D

is measuring


29

This project ______ considered thoroughly, and I’m sure it ______ finished on time.

A

must be; may be
C

may be; must be
【答案】
B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:这个项目应该被全面地考虑,并且我确定可以准时完成这 个项目。
should be
表示

应该

这个项目要求考虑的全面,
can be
表示

能够

有能力完成这个项目,
所以选
B


考点:考查情态动词

B

should be; can be

D

can be; should be


30

The classroom ________ by students every day.

A

cleans B

cleaned

C

is cleaned D

is cleaning

【答案】
C

【解析】


【详解】

考查时态和被动语态。句意:教室每天都由学生打扫。句子主语
The classroom< br>,单数第三
人称形式,与谓语动词
clean
之间是被动关系,再结合
every day
,可知句子用一般现在时
态的被动语态,故选
C


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