二年级应用题-ingersoll
被动语态讲解-练习及答案
被动语态
一、 考点、热点回顾
【词汇辨析】
1. across, through 穿过
ac
ross指从一定范围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面进行。常用于横穿街道、河流,穿过桥梁等。eg:
They
walk across the bridge.
他们步行走过了这座桥。
through
侧重从物体的内部空间穿过,动作是在物体内部进行。常用于门、窗户、森林等。
eg: He
walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。
2.
ill,sick“生病的”。
ill只在系动词后作表语 eg: Her mother was
ill in bed.
sick 既可作表语 eg: Her mother was
sick in bed.
也可作定语 eg: Jane is taking care
of her sick mother.
若ill作定语,译为“坏的,恶劣的”
eg: an ill person一个坏人
sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的,想吐的“
eg: The boy always feels sick when he
travels by car.
【固定搭配】
动词+ 名词 代词 副词+
介词
make room for给.....腾出地方 eg: We can
make room for her at this table.
play a joke
on戏弄人;对人恶作剧 eg: We can’t play a joke on law.
speak highly of称赞 eg: The customs speak
highly of their quality of service.
say good
bye to告别;告辞 eg: I don't want to say good bye to
them.
take an active part in积极参加 eg: They
take an active part in school activities.
take
care of照顾;照料;注意 eg: Could you take care of my
plants while I'm on vacation?
【被动语态】
(一)语态:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如:Many people speak Chinese.
谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
例如:Chinese is
spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。
(二)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数
和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak
为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken
一般过去时:was/were+spoken
一般将来时:will/shall
be+spoken
现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken
过去进行时:waswere being+spoken
现在完成时:have/has
been+spoken
过去完成时:had been + spoken
1 5
被动语态讲解-练习及答案
(三)被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new computers
were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道是谁偷的)
This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:The glass was
broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was
written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must
be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动
词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:
All
the people laughed at him. → He was laughed at by
all people.
They make the bikes in the
factory. → The bikes are made by them in the
factory.
He cut down a tree. → A tree was
cut down by him.
(五)含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成
We can
repair this watch in two days.
→This watch
can be repaired in two days.
They should do
it at once.
→It should be done at once.
(六)特殊情况
made the boy work for two hours
yesterday.
→The boy was made to work by
him for two hours yesterday.
never lets me
watch TV .
→I am never let to watch TV by
mother.
gave Peter a Christmas present just
now.
→(1)A Christmas present was given to
Peter by Jack just now.
→(2)Peter was
given a Christmas present by Jack just now.
常见的句型结构:
It is(was)agreed(believeddecidedh
opedthought......)that......大家同意(相信、决定、希望、认为).....
.
It is(was)well known that......众所周知
It
is(was)taken for granted that......被视为当然
It
must be remembered that......务必记住......
It
mustn’t be forgotten that......千万别忘记......
It
is(was)said(reported,heard,told,suggested)that....
..据说(报道、听说、告知、建议......)
2 5
被动语态讲解-练习及答案
二、典型例题
( )1.The Olympic Games ___________every four
years.
A are held B were held
C.are holding D.will ho1d
( )2. In the art
show,a lot of laughter _ _to foreign friends
by the Chinese paintings.
A. is giving B
was given C will give D has give
( )3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more
popular. It _________in. many schools around the
world.
A. teaches B. is teaching
C. has taught D. is taught
( )4. Ba
Jin, one of the greatest writers in China,
________as
A. is regarded B. has regarded
C. is regarding D. regards
( )5. Usually
computers _________to search the Internet.
A. use B. are using C. are used
D. used
( )6. --Do you often clean your
classroom?
--Yes. _________ Our classroom
every day.
A. it cleans B. we
are cleans C. we clean
( )7.一Did you
hear that water in Tai Lake smells terrible?
一Yes.In fact,it ____.That's all because of the
factories around.
A. polluted B was
polluted C has polluted D.was po11ute
( )8. --Our environment is getting worse than
before.
--You're right. But
thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more
and more to protect(保护)the earth.
A. is
started B. was started C.
has started
( )9. ---I feel very happy that I
____to be the host. ---Congratulations!
A.
choose(选择) B. am chosen C. was chosen D.
haven chosen
( )10. Many trees and flowers
______ in our school last year.
A.plant
B.planted C.have planted D.were
planted
( ) famous paintings __________in the
hall next week.
A. will show B. were
shown C. is shown D. will be shown
( )12. A talk on developments in science and
technology in the school hall next week .
A. given B. will be given C. has
been given D. gives
( )13.---Great
changes have taken place in this city.
---Right. Many modern tall buildings have been
______ these days.
A. build B. building
C. built D. are built
( )-year-olds
should not to drive in China.
A.
allow B. be allow C. allowed
D. be allowed
3 5
被动语态讲解-练习及答案
三、课后练习
(
)1.—Susan, why are you still here? They are all
ready to start.
–I’m sorry, but I _____
when to meet.
A. don’t tell B.
didn’t tell C. haven’t told D.
wasn’t told
( )3.--- My watch ______.
--- Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found.
A. is lost B. is broken C.
has found D. has stopped
( )4.---Did
you go to Sam’s party?
---No, I___________.
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C.
haven’t invited D. didn’t invite
( )6.On May
30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _______
at the price of 30.36 million dollars.
A.
sell B. sold C. is
sold D. was sold
( )8.—Those
colorful eggs are very beautiful.
—Yes,
they ______ in Hangzhou.
A. painted B.
were painting C. were painted D. had
painted
( )9.---Don’t litter on the ground,
boy ,Look at the sign:: “Rubbish into the
dustbin.”
---Sorry.
A, has throw
B, was throw C, must throw D ,
must be thrown
( )10.The 29th 0lympic Games
__in Beijing in 2008.
A.will hold
A.
sing
B will be held C.hold
D.
sings
( )11. We often hear the girl
happily in her room.
B. to sing C. is
singing
( )12. It is reported that more new
buildings _________ in our school next term.
A. will be built B. was built C. has
built D. will build
( )14. The boy
_________ to hospital by the police yesterday.
A. is taken B. was taken C. takes
D. took
( )16. --David, turn off the
TV________ no one is watching it.
--But it
________ off already! The music is from the radio.
A. so that, has been turned B.
when, has turned
C. if, has been turned
D. because, has turned
( )17. Usually John
to school by his father.
A. has taken B.
is taking C. is taken D. has been
taken
( )19.--Look, what an old palace! It
looks so great!
--Yeah, it ________ nearly 800
years ago.
A. was building B. was built C.
has built D. is built
( )20. Don’t discuss
the problems with your partner unless(除非) you
_________ to do so.
A. ask B. are
asked C. will ask D. will be asked
4 5
被动语态讲解-练习及答案
典型例题
一般现在时
1A 。[解析]考查被动语态,根据句意,“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用
一般现在时的被动语态,故排除了B、C、D。
2[答案]B。[解析]本题考查被动语态,句中a
lot of enjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中,一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展
示给外国朋友。”
3[答案]D。[解析]考查被动语态。物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。但如果
动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动语态。
4[答案]A。[解析]
选用一般现在时态的被动语态,表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。
5[答案]C
。[解析]从句子看,电脑作主语,是动作的承受者,所以用被动语态,故选C。
6. [答案]C。
[解析]考查被动语态物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动语态。
一般过去时
1[答案]B。考查被动语态。物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的
是物的特性,不能用被动语态。
2[答案]B。 [解析]从句意:“……自从‘地球日’开始以来
,人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。”可知,“地球日”的开始,
要用一般过去时的被动语态,
其构成为was started故选B。
3. We ________into five
groups to go to the old people's home. We did many
things to cheer them up. [太原市]
A. divided
B. are divided C. were divided
3[答案
]C。[解析]本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句.”
可推断,时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。
4C 5D
一般将来过去
1[答案]D。[解析] 本题综合考查时态和语态。主语为“一些名画”,在此为动作“展出”的承受
者,故应用被动语态,时间状语为
next
week,是表示将来的时间状语,所以句子时态是一般将来时,所以D项正确。
2B
答案B
答案:D。情态动词用于被动结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词。
答案为C。句中有every day,主语为our
classroom,故要用一般现在时的被动语态。
【参考答案】
1.答案D
解析:依据句意:对不起,但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去,I 和tell之间是被动关系。
2.答案B 解析:由题干时间next year 科知识将来时态,句子主语是old
houses ,应用被动语态。故选B。
3.答案A 解析:由Let’s go to the
Lost & Found.可知,说明表丢失了。故选
4.答案B 解析:由Did you go
to Sam’s weekend party?可知陈述过去的动作的发生,I
和invite之间存在着被动关系。故选B。
5.答案C 解析:How often+一般疑问句
?此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数,表示“多长时间一次”。往往针
对频度副词如
:always, seldom, usually, once a month, sometimes,
every five minutes.等提问,常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your
school sports meeting 作主语,谓语应用被动语态。故选C。
6.答案D 解析:由On May 30th, ,可知动作发生在过去;其主语是one
bowl与sell存在被动关系。
7.答案A 解析:依据题意: “千手观音” 被许多人认为是
中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一
动作对现在的影响或产生的结果,
应用现在完成时。其主语是The ,要用被动语态。故选A。
8.答案C
解析:they指代Those eggs of different
colors,主语是物,故用被动语态。依据结构,应选C.。
9.答案D
解析:依据句意:垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命令”,句子主语是垃圾,应用被动语态。
10.答案B解析:考查一般将来时的被动语态。由in
2008可知是将来时,运动会应该是“被举行”,所以使用一般将来时的被动语
态:will
+be+过去分词。
11选B。考查使役动词的被动语态。在主动语态中heard后用省略to的动
词不定式作宾语补足语,而在被动语态中动词不定式符号
to需补上。由关键信息was often
heard可直接断定正确答案为B。
12选A。考查一般将来时的被动语态。由关键信息in
the next term可知要用一般将来时,先排除B、C二项;另结合题意“据报道
我们学校在
下个学期有更多的教学楼被建造”可知要用被动语态,故舍D选A。
13选A
14选B。由
时间状语yesterday可知本题要用一般过去时,先排除A、C二项;另根据题意“那个生病的男孩被警察
送到了医院”可
知要用被动语态,故舍D选B。
15选D
16选C。考查现在完
成时的被动语态。结合题意“如果没有人看电视就关掉它”可知第一个空是条件状语从句;另由关键信息“The
music is from the
radio.”可知“(电视)已经关掉了”,要用现在完成时的被动语态,故正确答案为C。
17选C
18选D。考查含情态动词的被动语态。由题意“今天的工作必须在今天被做完”可
知本题要用被动语态,先排除A、B二项;结合题
意可舍C选D。
19选B。考查一般过去时的被动语态。由时间状语nearly 800 years ago可知要
用一般过去时,先排除C、D二项;另结合题意“它
(古老的宫殿)在近800年前被建造的”可舍A选
B。
20选B
5 5