初中英语被动语态讲解与练习64148

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初中被动语态语法讲解
(一)语态分类
英语动词有两种 语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如 ：
Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)
Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：
助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动
语态，列表如下：
一般现在时：amisare+done
一般过去时：waswere+done
一般将来时：shallwill+bedone
一般过去将来时：shouldwould+bedone
现在进行时：amisare+being+done
过去进行时：waswere+being+done
现在完成时：havehas+been+done
过去完成时：had+been+done
将来完成时：shallwill+havebeen+done
过去将来完成时：shouldwould+havebeen+done
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［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态
1.一般现在时：
(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.
Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.
(2)Thes chooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutat eacher.
Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabw ithoutateacher.
2.一般过去时：
(1)Theyagreedonth ebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.
Thebuildin gofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.
(2)Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.
Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten
3.一般将来时：
(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.
Carswillbesentabroadbysea.
(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.
Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.
4.过去将来时：
(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcomplet etheprojectbytheendoftheyear.
Themanagersaidth eprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.
(2) Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossibl e.
Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedasso onaspossible.
5.现在进行时：
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(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.
Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.
(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.
Theroomsarebeingpainted.
6.过去进行时：
(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.
Theroadwasbeingmended.
(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.
Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.
7.现在完成时：
(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeeti ngmightbeputoff.
Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.
(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.
Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.
8.过去完成时：
(1 )WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutt hetickets.
WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticke tshadalreadybeensoldout.
(2)Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.
Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader
(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.
Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.
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(2)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.
Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerby him.
(五)被动语态的使用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。
“,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”
2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。
TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.
ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.
3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者 ，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名
词作状语，而代替by短语。
ThesecarsweremadeinChina.
(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1）Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.
主语谓语宾语
→Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.
主语谓语宾语
（2）Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohel ppoorreaders.
→Aspecialclasstohelppoorreadersw assetupintheschool.
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。
3.把主动 语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可
以省略。如果原句主语是地 名词作状语。
(七)语态转换时所注意的问题
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1.把主动语态变为被动语态点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点时，其谓语动词的时态
要与原 句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.
Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)
Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)
2.含有双宾语的主动 句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，
一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.
Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可
以说：
Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.
注意：
1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：
bring,give,hand ,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach, tell等。
(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.
(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.
2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：
build,buy,cook,c ut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,pa int,play,sing等。
(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.
(2)Themeatwascookedforus.
(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.
3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及
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物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：
不及 物动词+介词，
如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,lis tento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。
(1)Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.
(2)n'tbetalkedabout.
及物动词+副词：如：
bringab out,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon, pointout,putaway,putoff,thinko
ver,turndown,wor kout,turnout等。
(1)Hisrequestwasturneddown.
(2)Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweathe r
4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主
语 ，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：
(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.
→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.
(2)Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.
→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.
注意：在se e,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作 宾语补足语的动
词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是< br>说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。
Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.
→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.
5.当主动句的主语是 nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为
anybody,作by的 宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：
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Nobodycananswerthisquestion.
误：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.
正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.
6. 当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,noone作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：
Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.
误：Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.
正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.
7.以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用bywhom放在句首：
Whowrotethestory?
误：Whowasthestorywritten?
正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?
8.有些动词既是及物又是不及 物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语
内在品质或性能，是不及物 动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：
write,read,clean,sell ,wash,cook等。如：
(1)Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。
(2)Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。
对比：
Thebookssellwell.(主动句)
Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)
Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主动句)
Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被动句)
9.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：
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第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,soun d,remain
等。
(1)—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.
误：Itisfeltverysoft.
(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.
误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.
(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.
误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.
第二，谓语是及物动 词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：
(1)Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.
误：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.
(2)Shehadherhandburned.
误：Herhandwashadburned.
第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态， 如：
takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consis tof,addupto等。如：
Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.
误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.
第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。
Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalread yrisen.
误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.
Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.
误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained. 第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，
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不能变为被动句子的主语，如：
ItaughtmyselfEnglish.
误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.
Weloveeachother.
误：Eachotherisloved.
10.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：
据说…… Itissaidthat…
据报导…… Itisreportedthat…
据推测…… Itissupposedthat…
希望…… Itishopedthat…
众所周知…… Itiswellknownthat…
普遍认为…… Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…
有人建议…… Itissuggestedthat…
(1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow. (2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelect riclamp.
初中被动语态练习题
()ple'sRepublicofChina__onOctober1,1949.

()h____inCanada.
nded ded nd

()glishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.
ken king en

()ndofcar___inJapan.
ang nsang nsung

()puters___allovertheworld.
A,makes ng

()mmust___clean.
ng d ed

()7.-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.
pt

()use___atthecorneroftheroad.
'sselling 'sbeensold eensold
ding gbuilt ilt ding
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()___onthetablewhenIleave.
t left nleft
()s___ineverypartoftheworld.
ding ded ed
()book___nextmonth.
published ishing
gpublished npublished
()se___ineverycountry.
poken ken king peaking
()apers___yet.
twritten tbeenwritten
written beenwritten
()rtsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.
't 't 't 't
()15.-Myshoesarewornout.
'ttheybemended? avealookatit.
hdotheycost? 'ttheymended?
()16.___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.

()17.___thesedesksbeneeded?

()___totalkaboutityesterday?
'tameetinghold 'tameetingheld
'theldameeting ngwasn'theld
()thebook___?
n nby
()___theseboxesmade?

()wers___often.
ter
()ksmay___fortwoweeks.
owed
()kenbike____herebyMrSmith.
d ded end end
()bridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.
gtoberebuilt built
ngtoberebuilt ngtorebuilt
()y___atthetheatrenextSunday.
gtobeshown own ow n
()stonebridge___nextweek
gtoberebuilt rebuild
ngtoberebuilt build
()semagazines__inthelibraryforalongtime.
pt ping enkeeping enkept
()___for___hotwater
;keeping d;keeping ;tokeep d;keep
()___inthesouthofChina.
n own ow
()dges___twoyearsago.
t ilt lt
()thesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather
g
()must___dirtythingsintoit.
pedtothrow pedfromthrowing
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throw omthrowing
()pot___water
edwith of gof
()plemustbelookedafterwelland___politely.
o to
()plemust___.
terwell edwellafter wellafter edafterwell
()-bornbabies___inhospital.
engoodcare engoodcareof
odcareof odcare
()re___atthesuddennoise.
ening ened en ens
()alls___stone.
eof einto to
()___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.
ed d
()ers___tothem.
own own
()t___hersister.
defor efor eto
() 42.I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.
ing en en
()re____suchthings.
takeof betaken betaking betakenof
()l____goodcare____.
;of n;of foryou n;ofyou
()chermadehim___hishomework.

()_streetswithoutpayintheolddays.
etoclean ean clean eclean
()hildren____dance.
ento enfor en
()tones___well.
ted ed
()e___500yuan.
t ed
()ortantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.
d
()hanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.
ace kenplace kingplace enplace
()'tusethecomputer,it____.
kendown g kendown
()hanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.
ppened ed enhappened ppened
()chhasoften___down.

()e___.
en king
()rybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.
tten itten ting iting
()me___thedoor___everyday?
closed close closed D.;close
()___himself?
ss ssed essed dof
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()fromhisbikeand___.
rt t
()t,pleasekeepawayfromthefire, oryourtrouserswill__
g n
()le___verysweet.
ed ting
()___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.

()usaid___.likeagoodidea.
ed d
()64.-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?-rth___asecondtim e.
ng d
()tythetablesare!Theyneed___.
n ng d
()kisworth___.
g
参考答案：
1.1-5BDDDC 2.1-6BCBBCA 3.1-3ABB 4.1-3ABA 5.1-3BDB
6.1-3BAD7.1-3ABA8.1-5DBBCD9.1-4BADD
10.1-3BBA11.1-3BAC12.1-3DDB13.1-3BAA
14.1-4BCB15.1-4BDAC16.1-3ABC17.1-3BCD
18.1-3CCD19.1-3ACB

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