郑州大学专科分数线-铸造是什么意思
高考被动语态及练习题库
一、单项选择被动语态
1
.
Our society would be better off but
for the fact that the economy ________ by the
current
global financial crisis.
A
.
had been affected
C
.
should be affected
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:如果不是经济受到当
前全球金融危机的影响,我们的社会会更
好。此处表示一种客观事实,且
the econom
y
和
affect
之间是一种被动关系,所以
that
引
导
的同位语从句中用一般现在时态的被动语态,故答案为
D
。
B
.
were affected
D
.
is
affected
2
.
—Will Uncle
Peterson come to my birthday party tomorrow?
—Pity he ______ to Zimbabwe as a volunteer
teacher.
A
.
was sent
B
.
has been sent
C
.
had been
sent D
.
would be sent
【答案】
B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:
——Peterso
n
叔叔明天会来参加我的生日聚会吗?
——
很
可惜他已经被派到
Zi
mbabwe
去做志愿教师了。由语境可知,
Uncle Peterson
被派到<
br>Zimbabwe
这是发生在过去的事情,这个动作对现在产生了影响,故该空应用现在完成时<
br>态。且主语
he
和
send
之间是被动关系,故该句要用被动语态。综
上,
B
选项正确。
3
.
The
singer’s music video nearly 9 million times
since it was posted on the Internet four
weeks
ago.
A
.
viewed
C
.
was
viewed
【答案】
D
【解析】
试题分析:考查动词时态与语态辨析。
A.
viewed
,一般过去式;
B. was
viewed
过去式的被
动语态;
C. has
viewed
,现在完成式;
D. has been viewed
,现在完成式的
被动语态。句意:
自从四个星期前这位歌手的音乐视频被放在互联网上,这个视频的访问量达到了将近<
br>9
百
万次。
since
从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时
has done
形式,又因
music
video
是被
访问的,故要用被动语态。故选
D
。
考点:考查动词时态与语态辨析。
B
.
has
viewed
D
.
has been viewed
4
.
Later Mrs Smith decided to buy that
kind of cloth because she_________ that the cloth
_________very well.
A
.
has been
told; washes B
.
had been told; washed
C
.
was told; was washed
【答案】
B
【解析】
D
.
had
been told; was washed
考查时态与感官动词。主句时态为过去时,而
从句时态发生在主句之前,即过去的过去,
故用过去完成时。像
feel, smell,
look, wash
等表示感官的动词不用被动语态,直接用主动语
态,结合前面时态可知,
应选
washed
。句意
:
随后史密斯夫人决定买那种布,因为有人告诉她那种布很好洗。故选
B
。
5
.
—Do
you know why a meeting by the middle
school teachers last Sunday?
—To demand
smaller classes of no more than 25 to 30 students
in each class.
A
.
was held
B
.
had been held
C
.
has held
D
.
held
【答案】
A
【解析】考查动词的
时态和语态。
meeting
是
hold
逻辑上的宾语,故用被动语态,再由
时
间状语
last Sunday
可知用一般过去时。故选
A
。句意
:
——
你知道为什么上星期日中学老
师召开会议吗?
——
要求更小班
,每个班不超过
25-30
个学生。
6
.
All the doctors in the hospital
insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he
____ at once.
A
.
should be; be
operated on
B
.
were; must be
operated on
C
.
be; was operated
on
D
.
was; be operated on
【答案】
D
【解析】
试题分析:考查
insi
st
的用法。句意:医院里所有的医生都认为他受伤很严重,要求他立
即动手术。
in
sist
作
“
坚决要求做某事
”
讲时,要用虚拟语气;当
“
坚持说,坚持陈述某事实
”
解时,用陈述语气。
考点
:
考查
insist
的用法
7
.
Chinese kites in ancient times
________ in the shape of birds.
A
.
design B
.
had designed
C
.
were designed D
.
have been
designed
【答案】
C
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:在古代中国的风筝被设计成鸟的形状。根据
in
ancient
times
可知,句子用一般过去时态,根据动词与主语是被动关系,故用一
般过去时的被动语
态,故选
C
。
8
.
—Have you moved into the new
house?
—Not yet. It ________.
A
.
has been built
B
.
was built
C
.
is being
built D
.
had been built
【答案】
C
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:
——
你搬进新家了吗?
——
仍旧没有,它仍旧正
在建设。根据语境可知,
It指代上文提到的
the new house
,是第三人称单数,与
built<
br>是被
动关系,用被动语态,结合句意,
built
这一动作表示正在进行的动作
。故选
C
。
9
.
Various
efforts ________ in the past decades to protect
the environment.
A
.
had made
B
.
have made
C
.
were made
D
.
have been made
【答案】
D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的几十年里,为保护环境做出了各种努力。根据
in
the past decades
可知句子用现在完成时态,
efforts
是句子
主语,复数形式,和谓语动词
make
之间是被动关系,所以此处用现在完成时态的被动语态,
故答案为
D
。
10
.
To my
________
,
he was not a little ________ at
the news that he had won the first prize
in
the English speech contest, for he thought that he
didn't perform so well.
A
.
astonishment
;
astonishing
B
.
astonished
;
astonishing
C
.
astonishment
;
astonished
D
.
astonish
;
astonishment
【答案】
C
【解析】
考查
astonish<
br>相关短语的用法。使我惊讶的是
,
他对这个消息并不感到惊讶
.to
one's
astonishment“
使某人感到惊讶的是
”
;
be
astonished at
sth.“
对某事感到惊讶
”
。故选
C.
11
.
The house, which _____ last night,
____ my aunt but she doesn’t live there any
more.
A
.
was broken into; is
belonged to B
.
broke into; is belonged
to
C
.
broke into; belonging to
D
.
was broken into; belongs to
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查
被动语态和主动语态。句意:这所房子昨晚被拆了,它属于我的姑妈,但她已经不在
那里住了。第一空,
根据
last night
及句意可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态,
break
into“
破门而入
”
,答案为
was broken
into
;第二空,
belong to“
属于
”
,无进行和被动语
态,
结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态,答案为
belongs
to
。故选
D
。
12
.
The
film “Schindler’s List”, was ________ by a real
person, named Oskar Schindler
A
.
inspired B
.
prompted
C
.
rised
D
.
insured
【答案】
A
【解析】
【详解】
考查过去分词。
A.
inspired
鼓舞;
B. prompted
引起,提示;
C.
rised
上升;
D. insured
确保。
句意:电影《辛德勒的名单》
的灵感来自一个真实的人,名叫奥斯卡
·
辛德勒。结合句意可
知此处用被动语态,故答
案为
A
。
13
.
The classroom
________ by students every day.
A
.
cleans B
.
cleaned
C
.
is cleaned D
.
is
cleaning
【答案】
C
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和被动语态。句意:教室每天都由学生打扫。句子主语
The classroom<
br>,单数第三
人称形式,与谓语动词
clean
之间是被动关系,再结合
every
day
,可知句子用一般现在时
态的被动语态,故选
C
。
14
.
(
江苏四校第四次考试
)The flood has
caused a lot of damage to that area and the
figures of
the missing________shortly.
A
.
will be published
C
.
had
been published
【答案】
A
【解析】
考查时态。
shortly
不久,不多时,在句中作时间状语,表示将来,所以空处应该用将来
时。句意为:这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失,失踪人数很快就会公布。
答案:
A
B
.
have been published
D
.
are published
15
.
It was announced that only when the
fire was under control __________to return to
their
homes.
A
.
the residents
would be permitted
B
.
had the
residents been permitted
C
.
would
the residents be permitted
D
.
the
residents had been permitted
【答案】
C
【解析】
句意:通报说,只有火势得到控制了居民们才被允许回家。这里
I
t
是形式主语,真正的主
语是
that
引导的从句;
that
引导的主语从句中,"
only+
状语从句"位于句首,状语从句对
应的主句要用倒
装语序,且此处表示过去将来,故选
C
。
16
.
—I saw your uncle take a taxi to
the airport. Why didn’t you drive him there?
—I __________. But my car ___________ .
A
.
would; was fixed
C
.
would
have; was being fixed
【答案】
C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气和动词时态。句意:
-
--
我看见你叔叔坐出租车去机场了。你为什么不开车送
他去那里呢?
---
我本来想送他了。但是我的汽车当时正在修理。根据语境可知说话人表示
本来想做但是没有做的事情,应
该用
would have done
;而修理汽车是指当他叔叔去机场的
时候,表示
过去正在进行的动作,故答案选
C
。
B
.
would
have; was fixed
D
.
did; was being
fixed
17
.
This kind of
cloth_______well and large quantities of the cloth
________.
A
.
is sold
;
have
been sold
C
.
sells
;
have been
sold
【答案】
C
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词的时态语态。句意:这种布销路很好,已售出大量。
sellwashburn
等词在表示事
物的状态、特点时,可以用主动表被动,因此第一个空应选
sells
;第二空表示
“
出售,卖
”
的动作,用被动语态,且强调对现在的影
响应该用现在完成时态,故正确答案为
C
。
B
.
is
sold; has been sold
D
.
sells has
been sold
18
.
After completing
the training, I, together with my classmates, ____
to the town that was far
from the city.
A
.
were sent
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:完成了训练,我
和我的同学被送往了远离城市的一个小镇。
together with
(和)符合就远原则,
故现在只看主语
I
,是单数;根据下文的
was
判断为一
般过去时,
send
和主语
I
之间是动宾关系,故用被动语态,即一般过去时的被动语态
,主
语是单数,故用
was sent
,故选
B
项。
【点睛】
本题考查就远原则,即谓语动词的形式和前面的那部分主语保持一致。常见
的符合就远原
则的词或短语有:
as well
as;(togetheralongcombined) with; rather than;
except; besides; but;
including; in addition
to; apart from
;
instead of
等
例如:
1. Nobody but two students is
in the classroom.
除了这两个学生
,
没有人在教室。
B
.
was sent C
.
have been sent
D
.
has been sent
2.
Everybody except you is down on
me.
除了你
,
大家都看不起我。
3. A woman
with two children has come.
一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。
4. John, rather than his roommates, is to
blame.
约翰
,
而不是他的室友
,
应该受到责备。
19
.
By the end of last year,
another new hospital __________ in our city.
A
.
would complete
C
.
was
completed
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态及语态。句意:去年年底为止,我们这座城市又建了一个新的医院。句中有
by
the end of
表示
“
到
…
为止
”
如果后面接过去的时间,句子要用过去完成时。本句中
by the end
of last
year
,
by
后是过去的时间状语,句子要用过去完成时,故选
D
。
【点睛】
By
表示时间,意为
“
到
......
时为止
”
;该词经常与完成时连用。如果后接
by
后面
是现在的时
间,句中就使用现在完成时;如果
by
后面是过去的时间状语,就使用过去
完成时;如果后
面是将来的时间,就使用将来完成时。
By the time
he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English
words.
到他十岁时
,
他已学了约一千个英语
By
2012the population of this city will have risen to
20 millon.
到
2020
年,这个城市的人口将增至二千万。
By the
time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for
London to attend a meeting.
当简到家时,她的姑妈已经动身去伦敦参加一个会议了
B
.
would be completed
D
.
had been completed
20
.
—Pity that I haven’t got a ticket
for the concert tonight.
—It doesn’t
matter. I’m sure it _______ on TV.
A
.
will be broadcast
C
.
has
been broadcast
【答案】
A
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态及语态。句意:
——
很可惜我没有今晚的音
乐会的票。
——
没关系,我相信
它会在电视上现场直播的。因为今晚将发生的事,所以
应用将来时,
it
代替
concert
,它与
broadcast<
br>之间是被动关系,应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选
A
。
【点睛】
本题难度适中。动词的时态和语态放在一起考查增加了试题的难度,需要考
生有分析理解
复杂的句子结构的能力,必须会根据语境或已给动词的形式来判断动词的时态。如本题中,因为今晚将发生的事,所以应用将来时,
it
代替
concert
,
它与
broadcast
之间是被动
关系,应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选
A
。
B
.
will broadcast
D
.
is broadcasting
21
.
The Palace Museum has put on many
attractions since it ___________ in 2017.
A
.
had been rebuilt
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意:自从
20
17
年重新修缮,故宫博物院内部已经增加了许多景点。
分析语境可知,重新修缮是过去某个具
体时间点(
2017
年)发生的事情,应用一般过去
时;此处也可用固定句型
havehas done since…
来理解,该句型中主句用完成时,
since
引
导的从句使用一般过去时;故宫博物院是
“
被
”
相关人员修缮,
应使用被动语态,
was rebuilt
符合题意,故选
B
。
B
.
was rebuilt C
.
had rebuilt
D
.
rebuilt
22
.
The
letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he
didn’t read them until 3 days later.
A
.
were put
【答案】
A
【解析】
【分析】
B
.
was put
C
.
put D
.
has put
【详解】
考查被动语态。句意:给老板的那些信放在他的办公桌上,但是
直到三天以后他才读了那
些信。
letter“
信件
”
和
p
ut“
放
”
之间是被动的关系,所以排除
C
和
D
,
然后因为
letters
是复
数,谓语动词用
were put,
故选
A
。
23
.
The
coach, together with his players, __________ to
the party held last Friday night, aiming
to
celebrate their win in the match.
A
.
was invited
【答案】
A
【解析】
【详解】
考查主谓一致与一般过去时的被动语态。句意
:这个教练,和他的队员一起,被邀请去参
加上周五晚上举行的聚会,目的是庆祝他们赢得比赛。根据句
中的
“last Friday night
(上周
五晚上)
”
可知
,这句话应使用一般过去时。句子主语为
The
coach
,为第三人称单数形
式,
“together
with…”
介词词组作主语的伴随状语,不能算作主语,所以谓语动词应与
The
coach
保持一致。故选
A
。
【点睛】
主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与它的主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。简单来讲,即在英
语组词成句
的过程中,主语的人称、数、格发生了变化,谓语也必须跟着变化,保证主语
B
.
we
re invited C
.
has been invited
D
.
have been invited
和谓语之间关系
的协调一致。在英语语法中,这属于基本的知识点。主谓一致要遵循三个
原则,语法一致原则,意义一致
原则和就近一致原则。其中语法一致原则指的是主语是单
数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形
式,谓语动词也是复数形式。当
than
,
with
,
as
well as
,
along with
,
together
with
,
like
,
rather than
,
exce
pt
,
not
,
but
,
including
,<
br>plus
,
besides
,
in addition to
等加名词或代词结构在主语后面时,谓语不受这些
短语影响,须和其前的主语一致。这属于语法一致原则
中的一种情况。例如本题中使用了
together
with
结构,所以句子的谓语动词与主语
the coach
保持一致。
24
.
—The hurricane ____ to reach
the coast tomorrow morning.
—If so, we’d
better make full preparations for it.
A
.
will be predicted
【答案】
D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查动词的时态
及语态。句意:
——
预测飓风明天早上会到达海岸。
——
如果是这样的
话,我们最好做好充分的准备。
A. will be
predicted
将被预测;
B. is
predicting
正在被预测;
C. has
predicted
已经预测;
D. is
predicted
被预测。分析句子可知,空格处的主语是
the
hurrica
ne
与动词
predict
二者是被动关系,要用被动语态。
B
和<
br>C
是主动语态,故不正确。
根据第二句话可知,飓风明天早上才到,现在还没到,即飓风
到达海岸是现在做出的预
测,所以要用一般现在时,故选
D
。
B
.
is predicting C
.
has
predicted D
.
is predicted
25
.
I saw Jack in the lift this
morning. He
around here for a long
time.
A
.
won't be seen
C
.
hasn't been seen
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查过去完成时态的被动语态。句意:今天早
上我在电梯里看见杰克。他好久没在这附近
露面了。根据
this
morning
可知,这是过去的事情;再根据
for a long time
可知
,此空是更
靠前的动作,且句子主语
He
和
see
之间是一种被动关
系,所以用过去完成时态,故选
D
。
B
.
wasn't
seen
D
.
hadn't been seen
26
.
I want to buy that kind of cloth
because I_____the cloth_____well.
A
.
have told;washed
C
.
have
been told;washed
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态及语态句意:我想买这种布,因为我已经被告知这种布料很好洗。
“
我
”
和
“
告诉
”
B
.
have been told;washes
D
.
was
told;washes
是被动关系,且动作发生在过去,强调对现在的影响
,所以需用完成时态的被动语态;一
些动词
wash
,
lock
,<
br>sell
,
wear
,
read
,
open
,
shut
,
clean
等,如果主语如果是物,且表示
主语的特性
或品质时,常用主动形式表示被动意义。
the cloth washes well
是指<
br>“
这种布料很
好洗
”
就是说明这种布料的特征的,应使用一般现在时。
故选
B
。
27
.
As we know,
it will still be some years before all the metro
lines in Suzhou _____ into
operation.
A
.
will be put
【答案】
B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意:据我们所知,距离苏州所有的地铁线路投入使用还有好几年。
all
the metro lines
与
put...into operation
是被
动关系,应使用被动语态;在时间状语从句
中,主句是一般将来时,遵循
“
主将从现<
br>”
的原则,所以从句用一般现在时。故选
B
。
B
.
are put C
.
will have been put
D
.
are being put
28
.
With the development of science,
more new technology ______ to the fields of
IT.
A
.
has introduced
C
.
is introduced
【答案】
B
【解析】
试题分析:句意,随着科技的发展,更多新的技术被引进到
IT<
br>领域。表示现阶段正在进行
的动作,用现在进行时。且主语
new technolog
y
与动作
introduce
之间是被动关系,用现在
分词的被动语态,故选
B
。
考点:时态和语态考查题
点评:动词是谓语动所表
示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有
16
种时态,但
是常用的只有
9
种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、
现在完成时、过去
完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。当句子的主语是动作的执行者
时,谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子
的主语是动作承受者时,谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被
动语态由助动词
be +
过去分词构成,时态通过
be
表现出来。
B
.
is being introduced
D
.
was introduced
29
.
Time magazine has chosen “The
Guardians”
,
a group of journalists who____
for their work,
as Person of the Year, for
taking great risks in pursuit of greater
truths.
A
.
will target
C
.
will be targeted
【答案】
D
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态。句意:《时代》周刊将
“
守护者
”——
一群因自己的工作而成为受攻击目标的记
者评为年度人物,因为
冒巨大的风险追求更伟大的真理。根据句意可知,记者被攻击,且
B
.
have
targeted
D
.
have been targeted
已发生,有对现在的影响,所以用现在完成时。故选
D
。
30
.
A lot of small towns in the
area are definitely worth ________.
A
.
to be visited
【答案】
C
【解析】
【详解】
主动形式表达被动意义。句意:这个地区的许多小城镇绝对值得一游。
be worth
doing
sth“
值得做某事
”
,主动形式表达被动意义。故选
C
项。
B
.
being visited
C
.
visiting D
.
to visit
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