cet6查分-处理的读音
过去完成时
定义
过去完成时(past
perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的
动作或状态。
它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他.
②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.
③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.
否定回答:No,主语+had not .
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词+其他)?
基本用法
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于
过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来
表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。
例如:
By nine o’clock last night, we had got
200 pictures from the spa
ceship.
到昨晚
9
点钟,我们已经收到
200
张飞船发来的图片。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常
和for,
since构成的时间状语连用。
例如:
I had been at
the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally
ca
me.
当车来的时候,我在车站已等了
20
分钟。
He
said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从
1949
年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述
以前发生的动作时,常使
用过去完成时。
例如:
Mr. Smith died
yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
I didn’t
know a thing about the verbs, for I had not
studied my lesson.
我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。
(4)在含有定语从
句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作
常用过去完成时。
例如:
I returned the book that I had
borrowed.
我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.
她丢失的钥匙找到了。
(5)过去完成时常常用在told,sai
d,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或
间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作
发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
例如:
He said that he
had known her well.
他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
(6)
状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;
发生在后,用一般过去时。
如when,before,after,as soon as,tilluntil引导的
例如:
When I woke up, it had already
stopped raining.
我醒来时雨已停了。
She didn’t go to bed until she had finished
her work.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含befor
e和after的复
合句中,因为 这
时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非
常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
例如:
After he arrived in England,
Marx worked hard to improve his En
glish.
马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。
(7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan,
intend等用过去完成时来表示过去
未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。
例如:
They had wanted to help but could not
get there in time.
他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。
We had
hoped to be able to come and see you .
我们本来希望能来看看你。
(8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was
the f
irst (second, etc)
time
(that)…等固定句型中。
例如:
Hardly had he
begun to speak when the audience interrupted
hi
m.
他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away
again.
他刚到就又走了。
It was
the third time that he had been out of work that
year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
时间状语
before,when,after,by+,until, once,had
no sooner……than
过去完成时-语法判定
1. 由时间状语来判定
一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:
( 1
) by + 过去的时间点。如:
I had finished reading the
novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by
the end of + 过去的时间点。如:
We had learned over
two thousand English words by the end of last
ter
m.
( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last
Wednesday.
2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的
过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,
即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,
在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出
现在:
( 1 )宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过
去完成时。在told,
said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如:
She
said that she had seen the film before.
( 2
)状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动<
br>作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:
After he had
finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意:
before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表
达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。
如:
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
(3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think,
intend, mean, suppos
e等,用过去完成时表示原本…,未能…
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3. 根据上、下文来判定。
I met Wang Tao in the
street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other
sin
ce he went to Beijing.
1. 单项选择
过去完成时态的练习题
1.He asked me __A___ during
the summer holidays.
A. where I had been B.
where I had gone C. where had I been D. where
had I gone
2. What _D___ Jane ____ by the
time he was sever?
A. did, do B.
has, done C did, did. D. had,
done
3. I ___C___ 900 English words by the
time I was ten。
A. learned B. was
learning C. had learned D. learnt
4. She ___A___lived here for ______ years.
A. had, a few B. has, several C. had,
a lot of D. has, a great deal of
5. By the
time my parents reached home yesterday, I __A___
the dinner already.
A had cooked B.
cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
6. She said she __D________ the principle
already
A .has seen B. saw
C. will see D. had seen
7. She said
her family __B_____ themselves ______ the army
during the war.
A. has hidden, from B. had
hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had
hidden, with
8. By the time he was ten years
old, he ___D______.
A. has completed
university B. has completed the
university
B. had completed an university
D. had completed university
9. She had written
a number of books ___C___ the end of last year.
A. for B. in C.
by D. at
10. He __B___ to play
____ before he was 11 years old.
A had
learned, piano B. had
learned, the piano
C. has learned, the piano
D. learns ,piano.
11. What __D_____ Annie
____ by the time he was ten?
A. did, do
B. did, did C. has, done D. had
done
12 .He _C__ in the factory for three
years before he joined the Army.
A. has worked
B. works C. had worked D. will work
13. By the end of last week, they _D___ the
bridge.
A. has completed B. completed
C. will complete D. had completed
14. Ben
hates playing _D____ violin, but he likes playing
____ football.
A. a…the B. the… the
C. …the D. the…
15. By the time he
was 4, he _A_____ a lot of German words.
A.
had learned B. has learned C. learned
D. learns
16 .Jim turned off the lights and
then __D___ the classroom.
A. was left
B. had left C. has left D. left
____C_____ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A.
lived B. had lived C. have lived
D. were living
18. The train from
Beijing__C_____ ten minutes ago.
A. has
arrived B. was arriving C. arrived
D. had arrived
19. The students ___B______
their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C.
was cleaned D. have been cleaned
20.
Fergie__B_____ the project in one hour.
A.
have finished B. will finish C. finishes
D. has finished
21. The man ___A_____ his coat
and went out.
A. put on B. had put on
C. will put on D. was putting on
22 My
mother_____ in that factory at the age of 18.
A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D.
works
23. Dad _C_______ while he _______ TV.
A .fell asleep…watch B. was
falling asleep…watched
C. fell asleep……was
watching D. had fallen asleep…watched
2.用动词的适当形式填空
1. We ___had painted____
(paint) the house before we moved________ (move)
in.
2. That rich old man __had made___ (make)
a will before he died(die).
3. They __had
studyed_ (study) the map of the country before
they _left___ (leave).
4. The robbers _had run
away____ (run away ) before the policemen arrived
(arrive).
5. I __turned off_____ (turn off)
all the lights before I __went___ (go) to bed.
6. Paul went (go) out with Jane after he _made
_____ (make) a phone call.
7. Tom ___said__
(say) he had read_______ (read) the book twice.
8. Our plan ____failed_ (fail ) because we
_had made______ (make) a bad mistake.
9. When
the chairman ___finished_____ (finish) speaking,
he ____left____ (leave)the
hall.
Reads
were having (have) lunch when I ___got_____(get)
to their house.
I __arrived________(arrive)
at the station, he ___had left_____(leave).
12..We _____had learned___(learn) about 4000
English words by the end of last term.
13. I
waited until he __finished_____(finish) his
homework.
14. We were surprised at what she
_had____already __done____(do)
_didn't
go___(not go) to Qingdao because she ___had
went____ (go) there
before.
16. He
__hasn't told (not tell) you the news yet.
17. He said he
__had______already___given___(give) the book to
the teacher.
18. I ____have been_____(be) to
Shanghai before.
19. She told me she ___had
been_______(be) to Sanya three times.
__was
playing________(play) the guitar while her
sister__was
singing______(sing).
3.句型转换
1.I had sold the ticket when she came.(改否定句)
I did not have sold the ticket when she came.
had sung a song to us before she
danced.(改否定句)
She didn't have sung a song to
us before she danced.
began to climbed the
mountain after they had bought all the food and
drink.(否定)
They did not begin to climbed the
mountain after they had bought all the food and
drink.
10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry.
(改一般疑问)
Had you been very hungry by
10:00 am?
had already completed the project
when I arrived.(改一般疑问)
Had lucy already
completed the project when I arrived.
the
time he got to the airport, the plane had taken
off. (改一般疑问)
Had th eplane taken off by the
time he got to the airport?
7..He had broken
his arm when I saw him.(对划线部分提问)
How was he
when you saw him?
he had read the note, he
ate it. (对划线部分提问)
What did he do when he had
the note?
9..Jack didn’t go to the cinema
because he had seen the film. (对划线部分提问)
Why
did Jack not go to the cinema?
had had the
toys for ten years before we gave them to the
child. (对划线部分提问)
How long did you have had the
toys before you gave them to the child?
had
written the book by the end of 1960. (对划线部分提问)
What had she written by the end of 1960?
cooked the dumplings. We ate them up. (用过去完成时连接两句)
We ate the dumplings after we had cooked
them.
’s father mended the car. It was broken.
(用过去完成时连接两句)
The car had broken before Jim's
father manded it.
had our tests. Then we had
a long holiday.( 用过去完成时连接两句)
After we ___had
had hour teats________, we ___had a long
holiday___________
showed us a picture. Then
he showed us around the house. 用过去完成时连接两
句)
Before he ___had showed us around the
house_______, he_______showed us a
picture___
________
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