高中英语时态语态专题-----过去完成时讲解和练习

高中英语时态语态专题-----过去完成时讲解和练习
过去完成时


一、概念：
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即
过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）。
----|-------------------------- |----------------- --------------|---------------------------->

那时以前 那时 现在
二、基本结构：havehas + done

They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning.
三、
时间状语：
recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
四、过去完成时的判断依据
1. 由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。
如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。
如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2. 由过去的过去来判定。
过去完成时表示过去的过去， 是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动
作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用 一般过去时。这种
用法常出现在：
（ 1 ）宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要
用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：
She said that she had seen the film before.
（ 2 ）状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已
表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般
过去时。如：
Where did you study before you came here?
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高中英语时态语态专题----- 过去完成时讲解和练习
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
（ 3 ）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose
等，用过去完成时表示原本…，未能…
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3. 根据上、下文来判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he
went to Beijing.
五、常用句型：
hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc)
time (that)…等固定句型中。
例如
：
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。

六、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的 结果或造成的影
响，与现在有关，其结构为助动词 have (has) + 过去分词
过去 完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调
过去的过去，只有和过去某时或某 动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：
I have learned 1000 English words so far.
到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.
到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
- I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。
- Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.
没什么，我只等了几分钟。（等的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）
- John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。
- Where had he been?
他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去
了哪些地方，即过去的过去）
七、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以
下几点：
1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调过去的过去；而一般过去时只
强调过去某一 特定的时间。试比较：
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高中英语时态语态专题----- 过去完成时讲解和练习
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志 时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须
依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去 时。如：
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just
won the first in the composition competition.
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，
只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引
导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过 去时来
代替过去完成时。如：
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper
I (had) called her before I left the office.
八、过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算，通常连
用的动词是 want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend,
suppose 等：
I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想来，但有事就没有来。
I had intended to speak, but time did not permit. 我本想发言，但时间不允许。
We had hoped that you would come to see us, but you didn’t. 我们本想你来看
我们的，但你没有来。
课堂小练

1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.


































A. where I had been B. where I had gone
C. where had I been D. where had I gone
2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done
3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt
4. She ______lived here for ______ years.
A. had, a few B. has, several
C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of
5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
6. She said she __________ the principle already
A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen
7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.
A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from
C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with
8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.
A. has completed university B. has completed the university
B. had completed an university D. had completed university
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高中英语时态语态专题-----过去完成时讲解和练习










9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.
A. for B. in C. by D. at
10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano
C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.


真题模拟演练
1．When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for
years.
A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen
C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：当沿着街道散步的时候， 我遇见了多年未见的David。
根据语境，“not see”这个动作发生在come across之前，是过去的过去发生的
动作，用过去完成时。故选C。

4.I _________ to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldn’t get
away.
A. was planning B. planned C. had planned D. would plan
【答案】：C
【解析】：考察时态。句意“我原计划去散步，但是有人来访，我没法走开。” 由
called可知整个句子是过去时态，又因为plan这个动作发生在call之前，所
以 用过去完成时。另，had planned to do sth. 表示过去未能实现的打算。答
案选C。
was very skilled at the job. By the time he graduated, he
___________ several part-time jobs in the nearby companies.
A. took up B. was taking up C. had taken up D. had been taken up
【答案】：C
【解析】：考察时 态。马丁非常善于工作，到他毕业的时候，他已经在附近的公
司里从事了多项兼职工作。根据by the time he graduated可知应用过去完成
时，故答案选C。

6. Last week I took part in the Civil Service Admission Examination, for
which I ______ for nearly three months.
A. had prepared B. have prepared
C. was preparing D. would prepare
【答案】：A
【解析】：由句意可知上周参加了公务员考试， 在考试之前为其准备了将近三个
月。有明确的先后关系，准备在参加考试之前，所以用过去完成时。正确 答案为
A。
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高中英语时态语态专题----- 过去完成时讲解和练习

7.--- Alex came back home the day before yesterday.
--- Really? Where ______ at all?
A．had he been B．has he been C．had he gone D．has he gone
【答案】：A
【解析】 ：根据句子语境可知，“Alex回家”这个动作发生在过去，动作“Alex
去了哪”是发生在回家之 前，即过去的过去，所以用过去完成时，排除B和D。
have gone to表示去了某地还未回来；have been to表示去过已经回来了；根
据句意选A。

didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week？ If you ___ me,
I could have helped.
A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell
【答案】B
【解析】题目考查虚拟语气。 句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如
果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据第一句可知， 这里是对过去发生的事情
进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选B。

twins, Who ______their homework, were allowed to play badminton
on the playground.
A. will finish B. finish
C. have finished D. had finished
【答案】D
【解析 】句义：已经完成了他们的家庭作业，这对双胞胎被允许在操场上打羽毛
球。根据句义可知他们完成作业 是在被允许到操场上打羽毛球之前。而他们被允
许打羽毛球已经使用了一般过去时，所以完成作业应该使 用过去完成时。故D
正确。
11.I found the lecture hard to follow because it _______ when I arrived.
A. started



B. was starting
D. had started C. would start
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我发现这个报告很难懂，因为当我到的时候，它已经开始了。根< br>据句意可知这个报告是在我到达之前就开始看，而句中我到达使用了arrived，
而报告是在 这之前发生的，所以使用过去完成时。故D正确。

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高中英语时态语态专题-----过去完成时讲解和练习
12. —Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
—We________ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to
relax ourselves.
A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be
【答案】C
【解析】我们去海边发生在过去. 而我们忙于工作在此之前. 因此用过去完成
时。

13． Lucy writing her essay by 10:00 this morning. After that, she
listened to music for a while.
A. will finish B. finishes
C. has finished D. had finished
【答案】D
【解析 】考察过去完成时态。句意“Lucy在今天早上10点已经完成了她的散文，
然后她听了会音乐”。这 里说明已经是过去已经做过的事情，所以要用过去完成
时态。故选D。

14 By the end of last term, we ______ five English books.
A. have learnt B. had learnt
C. learnt D. learn
【答案】B
【解析】By the end of+过去时间，句子用过去完成时态，故选B。

17. The rescue team _____ to help but failed to get there in time.
A. had wanted B. have planned
C. were expecting D. hoped
【答案】A
【解析】句意：应援队想要去帮助但是未能及时到达那里。想去帮助发生在
“failed to get”之前，应为过去的过去，故选A。
two girls got on very well with each other, even though it was the
first time they_______ .
A. have met B. met C. had met D. meet
【答案】C
【解析】当the first time用在“It iswas the first time that……”结构
中时,从句一般用完成式.如果前边用“is”,从句用现在完成式；如果前边用“ was”,
从句用过去完成式.故本题应用过去完成时，选C。

Monday morning I was informed I_____as one of the three exchange
students from our college. A．had been chosen B．was chosen C．had been
choosing D．was choosing
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高中英语时态语态专题----- 过去完成时讲解和练习
【答案】A
【解析】was informed表示通知发生在过 去，那么被选中做交换生发生在通知
前面，过去的过去。I和choose是被动，故选A。

jack arrived he learned Mary___for almost an hour.
been away set off left gone
【答案】A
【解析】考查完成时态的延续性用法.leave,set off,go都是非 延续性动词,一
发生就结束了,所以也叫结束性动词.但汉语却可以这么说.所以考.be away是一
种状态,表示离开，可以延续.

22.—The exhibition in that museum was really wonderful.——I______there
twice and that’s why I introduced it to you.
A. have been B. will be C. had been D. am
【答案】C
【解析】问句用的是过去时，说明展览是发生在过去的事情，已经结束了。回答
用过去完成时，表示发生在过去的过去的，对过去也产生了影响，why I
introduced it to you.

manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he ________
some European business partners.
A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met
【答案】D
【解析】此题的突破口在sb be said to have done sth 这个短语意思的理解
上.正确翻译为“某人被认为做过某事”,由此我们 知道句中“经理从巴黎回来”
是过去发生的动作,而从句中的动作是在他回来之前已经发生的,属于“过 去的过
去”行为,故用过去完成时。
the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and
wireless phones _______ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话 ，
并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除A和C，事
情发生在过去 ，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的
被动语态。

__________ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road
by about 100 BC.
A. had become B. was becoming
C. has become becoming
【答案】A
【解析】句 意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品
之一。时间状语是by+过去时间 ，谓语用过去完成时。
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高中英语时态语态专题----- 过去完成时讲解和练习

26. Alan Greenspan, once reported as a financial god, had to admit that
he ____________ some serious mistakes.
A. made B. had made
C. has been making D. has made
【答案】B
【解析】曾经被报道为金融之神的艾伦.格林斯潘不得不承认 他之前也犯过一些
严重的错误。该空动作发生在had to admit 之前，应用过去完成时。

27.—Did you have to do much for the dinner party?
—Helen ______ everything by the time I got home.
A. finished B. was finishing
C. would finish D. had finished
【答案】D
【解析】第二句句意：到我回到家的时候，Hele n已经做完了所有的事情。动作
finish发生于got home之间，所以用过去完成时。故选D。

28.—Guess what? I happened to have met Mark at the party last week.
—If my memory serves me correctly, you two ______ each other for almost
ten years.
A. haven't seen B. hadn't seen
C. didn't see D. don't see
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意“……我碰巧上周在聚会上遇见了麦克。如果我没记错的话，
你们了两个已经几乎十年 没见面了吧。”可知“几乎十年没见面了”这个动作发
生在happened to do sth(碰巧干某事)这个“过去”的动作之前，即“过去的
过去”，所以用过去完成时。故选B。

29．The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he ________
some European business partners.
A．would meet B．is meeting
C．meets D．had met
【解析】
分析句意可知， 经理已从巴黎回来了，遇到一些欧洲的生意合作伙伴是回来
之前的事情，所以应用过去完成时表示“过去 的过去”。
【答案】D

was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _____ everything!
A. had been eating B. had eaten
C. have eaten D. have been eating
【解析】
was surprised 为一般过去时，而“孩子吃光所有的东西”发生在 was surprised
之前，故正确答案为B。
【答案】B
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高中英语时态语态专题-----过去完成时讲解和练习

arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody ______ into
the office during the night.
A. broke B. had broken
C. has broken D. was breaking
【解析】
题干中 found that somebody 表明“发现”的动作发生在过去，而 break into
意为“闯入”，发生在“发现”之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时。故正确答
案为B。
【答案】B

month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid
they____ From China.
A. receive B. are receiving
C. have received D. had received
【解析】
由时间状语 “last month” 可知，本句应该用过去时态。根据句意可知，receive
的动作应该发生在 express 之前，所以用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”。故
正确答案为D。
【答案】D

the time Jack returned home from England, his son_____ from college.
A. graduated B. has graduated
C. had been D. had graduated
【解析】
“By the time” 意思是“在···之前”，在过去动作 returned 之前表示过去
的过去，使用过去完成时。故正确答案为D
【答案】D




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