高一英语名词性从句讲解(2)

名词性从句
1. 种类
2.宾语从句的时态。
3. that什么情况下可以省略，什么情况下不可以省略。
4. whether 和if 什么时候可以互换，什么时候不可以互换。
5. 如何区分同位语从句与定语从句。
完成以下题目，并分别指出它们是什么从句

1.______ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.
A. That B. What C. Why D. If
2. I wonder ______ you will go shopping or stay at home.
A. that B. if C. whether D. what
3. This is ______ he was often late for school.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
4. We all know the truth ______ the earth ______ around the sun.
A. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; move

一．名词性从句的概念：一个句子在连接词的引导下，在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。
二．名词性从句的功能：相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语
等。
His job is important. (主语)
What he does is important. (主语)
This is his job. (表语)
This is what he does every day. (表语)
I don’t like his job. (宾语)
I don’t like what he does every day. (宾语)
I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.(同位语)
I don’t know about the man, Mr. White. (同位语)
得出结论：因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类，即 ：主语从句、宾语从句、表
语从句和同位语从句。
三．引导名词性从句的连接词：
1、连接代词：who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、
表语、宾语、或定语等。
? I don’t believe __________ he has achieved so far.
? __________ breaks the law should be punished.
2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。

? __________ we will hand in the project will be discussed later.
? Parents are thought to understand __________ important education is to their children’s future.
? The reason __________ he was absent was that he was ill.
3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if, as though。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether),
as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
? I don’t care about __________ you have money or not.
? The problem is __________ Tom is able to arrive on time.
? __________ the meeting will be held here is not decided yet.
? It looks __________ it is going to rain.
? The truth is __________he didn’t come for the concert.
? __________ the earth is round is true.
四．名词性从句的类型：
1. 主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语。连接词有that, whether; who, what ,which; when ,where, how,
why 等。 如:
? __________ he is a famous singer is known to us.
? __________ he will go to America is not yet fixed.
? __________ she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
? __________ broke the glass yesterday is not clear.
注意：
1. 为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻, 经常用it作形式主语, 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。
记住以下it作形式主语的句型：
It’s likely possible important necessary clear that…很可能 重要的是… 必要的是… 很清楚…
It’s said reported that…据说据报道…
It seems appears happens that…显然、明显、碰巧…
It’s been announced declared that…已经通知宣布…
It’s no wonder that…并不奇怪无疑…
It’s a pitya fact a common knowledge (众所周知） a common saying（俗话说）that…
? It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
? It remains a question ______ we can get so much money in such a short time.
A. how B. that C. when D. what
? It is known to us ______ where there is pollution, there is harm.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
2. 单个的主语从句作主语时， 谓语动词用句单数形式；如果是两个或两个以上的主语作
主语，谓语动词则视情况而定。
When and where he was born hasn’t been found.

When he was born and where he was born haven’t been found.
When and why the person was murdered is still unknown.
When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.
Exercises:
? .______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
? ______I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy.
A. Where B. What C. That D. How
? It’s not clear ______ was responsible for the accident.
A. Who B. What C. How D. That
? ______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail
account.
A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires
2. 表语从句：在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有连词that , whether, as if, as though; who, what, which,
whose; when, where, how, why, because 等。如:
? The problem is _________ we didn’t get in touch with him.
? This is _________ Henry solved the problem.
? His suggestion is _________ we (should) finish the work at once.
? It looked _________ it was going to rain.
? The reason _________ we didn't trust him is _________ he has often lied．
注意：
1. 如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order, demand, proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+
动词原形,should可省略。
他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.
2. The reason is that ……的理由是，… 的原因是…
The reason __________ he was late again was __________ he was caught in the traffic jam.
The reason ______ I have to go is ______ my mother is ill in bed.
A .why; why B. why; because C. why that D. that; because
3. It is because … 这是因为…
Exercises:
? This is ______ she was born.
A. where B. which C. that D. what
? The question is ______ we can’t go there today.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
? The reason he has made such great progress is ______ he has never wasted his time.
A. because B. why C. that D. what

? My advice is that he ______ school by bike.
A. go to B. would go to C. goes to D. went to
? ______ she couldn’t understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
? Energy is ______ makes things work.
A. what B. everything C. something D. anything
3.宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的宾语。 引导词有连词that , whether, if; who, whom, whose, what ,which;
when ,where, how, why 等。如:
(1) V + 宾语从句，即“动宾”：
We believe that he is honest. I asked if they had a cheap suit. Can you tell me which dictionary is hers? I
really don’t know what he is doing.
? I just don’t understand______ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one
might expect.
A .why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is
? --- Don’t you believe me?
--- ______, I will believe ______ you say.
A. No; whatever B. Yes; no matter whatC. No; no matter what D. Yes; whatever
? “What did your parents think about your decision?” “They always let me do ______ I think
I should.”
A. when B. that C. how D. what
.(2) prep + 宾语从句，即“介宾”：
He’s pleased with what we did yesterday. Pay attention to what the teacher said.
? I wish to have a friend with ______ shares my hobbies and interests.
A. whomever B. no matter who C. whoever D. anyone
? Mary wrote an article on ______ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what C. who D. that
? It was a matter of ______ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
(3) adj + 宾语从句，即“形宾”：
I’m sure that my brother will love the jacket. I am glad that you can come and help me.
不能误将”It + be + adj + that” 的主语从句当成宾语从句.
如：It is necessary that we should learn English well.
注意：
(1) whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
I wonder if it doesn’t rain.

②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
Please let me know whether you want to go.（如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）
③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换成if。
I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
I don’t know whether the report is true or not.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用，构成whether to do结构。
whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从 句，以上均不能换成if。但引
导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。
They don’t know whether to go there.
Please come to see me if you have time.
Exercises:
? I asked her __________ she had a bike.
? __________ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
? We’re worried about __________ he is safe.
? I don’t know __________ he is well or not.
? I don’t know ___________ or not he is well.
? The question is __________ he should do it.
? The doctor can hardly answer the question __________ the old man will recover soon.
(2) 如果宾语从句是由that 引导，and或but连接的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句, 那么只有第一个
that可以省略，第二个或第二个以后的that不能省略.
He said ( that ) the text was very difficult and that we had to work hard at it.
My deskmate told me (that ) he watched a football match last night, but that it was very discouraging.
如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用it作形式宾语，将宾语从句后置，并且that不可以省略.
He has made it clear that he will win the game.
I find it necessary that we should learn English well.
We find it necessary that we practice spoken English every day.
(3) 表示“建议，命令，要求”的宾语从句，如advise, suggest, order, request, require, demand 等，从句
用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形,should可省略。
(4) 在“主语+ believethinksupposeknowexpect”的结构中，其否定形式要用否定 转移，即主句否定，从
句肯定。
I don’t think he will come.
I don’t think I’ll trouble you again.
I don’t expect that they will get married soon.
(5) 宾语从句的时态呼应：
a. 如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.
他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _________________________ .

b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _________________________.
b. 如果主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓 语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但如果从句表达的是客观事实、真
理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一 般现在时。
他告诉我他正在为考试做准备. He told me _______________________________.
他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me _________________________________.
老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的. The teacher told us _________________________.
Exercises:
? Do you see ______ I mean?
A. that B. C. how D. what
? Tell me______ is on your mind.
A. that B. whatC. which D. why
? We must stick to ______ we have agreed on.
A. whatB. that C. D. how
? Let me see ______.
A. that can I repair the radio
C. I can repair the radio
? Keep in mind ______.
A. that the teacher said B. what did the teacher say

B. whether I can repair the radio
D. whether can I repair the radio
C. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said
4. 同位语从句：在复合句中起同位语的作用。 一般放在名词 idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；
news, information; hope; thought; promise等之后, 用以说明或解释前面的名词。常用 that, whether, who,
whom, when, where, why, how, which等引导(whose和which 不引导同位语从句)
? We all know the truth ______ the earth goes round the sun.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
? We heard the news ______ our team had won.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
? The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.
A. which B. that C. whether D. if
? They expressed the hope ______they would come over to China.
A. which B. that C. whom D. when
? The fact______he didn’t see Tom yesterday is true.
A. that B. which C. when D. what
注意：
1. 名词suggestion, advice, order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形, should可省略。
a. The suggestion that he ______ at the meeting was agreed to by most people.
put forward B. put forward

look forward forward
b. The suggestion that we ______ to picnic onSunday was agreed to by most people.
A went go allowed to go
2. 同位语从句有时没有紧跟在名词后面，而是被别的词分开，称为隔裂式同位语从句。
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
Word came that Tom would go abroad.
? The question came up at the meeting ______we had enough money for our research.
A. that B. what C. which D. whether
? There’s a feeling in me ______we’ll never know what a UFO is-----not ever.
C. of which
? It remains a question ______ we can get so much money in such a short time.
B. that C. when D. what
? Danby left word with my secretary ______ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
3. 如何判断同位语从句和定语从句?
a. 定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词 的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在
定语从句中充当一个成分，充当宾语成分时可 省略。
b. 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that
在同位语从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用, 无具体含义,且不可省略.
五．名词性从句的考点归纳：
1. 名词性从句的语序：
a. That + 陈述句：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
--- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.
--- ______ it made me nearly mad.
A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break
b. 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述语序，不能用一般疑问句语序, 即“疑问词+句子的剩余成分”。
I don’t know when he will go to Nanjing. This is what we are looking for.
a. How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )
How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )
b. Could you tell me where he lives? ( )
Could you tell me where does he live? ( )
2. 表示“建议，命令，要求”的名词性从句，如(suggest)suggestion, (advise)advice, order, request, demand
等，要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形, should可省略。
3. that 可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that可省略
that不可省略的情况：主语从句
表语从句

同位语从句
用it做形式宾语的宾语从句
并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的
引导词that 不能省略
? I don’t think ________ she is coming.
? It is a pity ________ he has made such a mistake.
? The reason is _________ he is careless .
? The news ________ our team won the match inspired us.
? I don’t think it necessary _________ you shouldread English aloud.
? He told me __________ his father had diedand __________ he had to make a living alone.
4. 关于whether 与if 的使用：
? What the doctor is uncertain about is ______ my mother will recover from the serious disease
soon.
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
? Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and ______ it is rough or smooth.
A. 不填 B. whether C. how D. what
? The question is ____the film is worth seeing.
A. if B. what C. whether D. how
? ______ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if
Exercise:
? 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。
________ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.
? 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。
I don’t know _________ broke the glass yesterday.
? 我不知道他长的什么样子。
I have no idea _________ he looks like.
? 这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。
This is _________ I left my glasses.
指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种?
he wants is a book.
is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.
3.I’m so glad that I can make friends with you.
is why he did it.
you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet?
he wants a book is certain.

7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this competition.
r you like him or not doesn’t matter too much.
doesn’t know whether you can sing it well.
problem is whether you can sing it well.
problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.
tell me who your monitor is.
判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句?
1. China is no longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?
10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.


相关练习：
1.I have no idea ______he will come back.
A. where B. when C. what D. that
2. The news ______surprised everybody yesterday now proves tobe false.
A. that B. when C. what D. how
3. One of the men held the view ______ the book said was right.
A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that
4. Word has come ______ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.
A. what B. whether C. that D. which
5. They received orders ______ the work be done at once.
A .which B. when C. D .that
6. ______ I can’t understand is ______ she wants to change her mind.
A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because
7. I have the information ______.
A. of what he’ll come soon B. that he’ll come soon
C. of that he’ll come soon D. his coming soon
8.--- Can I help you?

--- Yes, do you know ______?
A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus
C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes
9. He made a promise ______ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.
A. that B. if C. what D. that if
10. They lost their way in the forest and ______ made matters worse was ______ night began to fall.
A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what
11. We’d like to do ______ we can ______ the poor.
A. how; help B. all; to help C. whatever; help D. however; to help
12. ---I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.
---Oh, that was probably ______ I was seeing the doctor.
A. when B. why C. what D. that
13. See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
14. ______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever
15. The poor young man is ready to accept ______ help he can get.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever
16. The way he did it was different ______ we were used to.
A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
17. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _______ it was 20 years ago, ______ it was so
poorly equipped.
A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that
18. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ______ a care for AIDS will be found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
19. Along with the letter was his promise ______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
20. A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where