高中英语名词性从句教案

高中英语 名词性从句
适用学科
适用区域
知识点
英语
全国
名词性从句分为：
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
适用年级
课时时长
高一
120分钟
教学目标
教学重点
教学难点
使学生掌握同位语从句的几种类型
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的区别
定语从句与同位语从句的区别
教学过程
一、 复习预习
复合句分为哪几类？
1、 名词性从句
2、 形容词性从句
3、 状语从句

二、 知识讲解
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复
合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位 语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又
可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语 从句和同位语从句。

一． 主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从 句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放
在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语 从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句
则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都 可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用
whowhom。例如：
a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。
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b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型）
d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
It appears that… 似乎…
(4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
It is said that… 据说…
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：
（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
（2）It is said reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.
错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.
（3）It happensoccurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.
（4）It doesn’t matter howwhether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.
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（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?
4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
a) What you said yesterday is right.
b) That she is still alive is a consolation

二．宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：
a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。
b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
2. 作介词的宾语，例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的
合作。
3. 作形容词的宾语，例如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。

注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined,
glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content
等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. it 可以作为形式宾语
it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合
宾语的句子中。例如：
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We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take,
forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：
正确表达：I admire their winning the match.
错误表达：I admire that they won the match.
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse,
impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：
正确表达：He impressed the manager as an honest man.
错误表达：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.
7. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句
若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转 移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

三. 表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋ 表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有
the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如：
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

四. 同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能
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同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既 代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that
是连词，只起连接 主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对 先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句
是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第
一个that 引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句
中不作任何成分）



三、 例题精析
1.（10福建35） We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have
we have here and treat food nicely.
A. that
答案：C
考点：宾语从句
解析：空格在句中充当宾语
2.（10湖南35） Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew she was so
angry.
B. which C. what D. whether
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A. where B. whether C. that D. why
答案D
考点：考查名词性从句。
解析：该空引导宾语从句，根据句意“办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选D项。
3.（10天津14）As a new graduate, he doesn’t know it takes to start a business here.
A. how B. what C. When D. which
答案： B
考点：考查名词性从句。
句意：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。
解析：空格后的从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。
主语从句
4.（10北京） some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
A. Whether B. What C. That D. How
答案：B
考点: 本题考查主语从句。
句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。
解析：从句中缺宾语，只能用B. what来引导. C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。
5．（10浙江1）—How about camping this weekend, just for a change?
—OK, you want.
A．whichever
答案：C
考点：本题考查引导词。
解析：句意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜 的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者支持前面
的提出的观点。
6．（10浙江9）It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand
patients have taken it.
A．that
答案：B
考点：本题考查主语从句的引导词。
解析：根据句意：尽管大约有两千名 病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side
B．what C．how D．whether
B．however C．whatever D．whoever
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effect意思是“副作用”，还原主语从句中的主干是the medicine will bring about ______ side effect。故选择what，
形容词“什么样的”，起修饰作用。
同位语从句
7.（10上海36）
One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A. that B. how C. what D. why
答案：A
考点：此处考查的是同位语从句。
解析：考察that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。
8. （10湖北74） The news ________（房价将要下跌）has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.
(fall)
答案：that the housing price will fall
考点：同位语从句
解析：用 “that” 引导同位语从句，“房价”译成 “housing price”。
宾语从句
9. （10山东26） Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.
A. why B. what C. how D. which
答案:B
考点：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。
解析：句意应为“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列
了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充
当need的宾语，所以B项结构正确。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且
要有一个明确的范围。
10.（10上海37）
When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .
A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering
答案：B
考点：本题考查宾语从句。
解析：which引导的句子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。
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11．（10四川14）How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with，whether his
friends or relatives．
A．what B．who C．how D．why
答案：B
考点：考查介词后的宾语从句。
解析：根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，故选B。句意为“一个人旅游多么享受很
大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。”
12. （10全国Ⅰ33） We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
答案：D
句意：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。
解答：根据选项此题考察从句。题干中空格 划在动词discuss的后面，因此考察宾语从句，根据句意在宾语
从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D 。
13. （10湖北31）
I want to be liked and loved for I am inside.
A. who B. where C. what D. how
答案：C
考点: 宾语从句
解析：我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。也就是我inside的品质。只 有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误
选A，错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。
14. （10全国Ⅱ10）
—Have you finished the book?
—No,I’ve read up to_________the children discover the secret cave.

【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句。Up to为介词结构，后接宾语从句从句；而句意是“读到孩子们发现秘密洞 穴的地
方”，故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。
表语从句
15. （10江苏35）
—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That’s_______I don’t agree .You should have a more active life.
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选A. 这就是我不同意的地方.agree 是不及物动词,所以用where用表语从句。
16. （10北京32）
Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled
on his own life.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
答案：B
考点:本题考查表语从句。
解析：从句不缺成分 ，因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小
说创作非常贴近 他本人的真实生活。


四、 课堂运用
1．____he does has nothing to do with me.
A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____
A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about
C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about
3. Energy is ____makes thing work..
A. what B. something C. anything D. that
4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
5. This is ___the shenzhou V Spaceship landed.
A. there B. in which C. where D. when
6. They have no idea at all____.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.
A. that B. which C. of which D. of that
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.
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A. that had to leave B. that; should leave
C. must leave D. when; should leave
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether
10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.
A. that B. which C. whether D. if




课程小结



课后作业
1. Is _____he said really true?
A. that B. what C. why D. whether
2.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where
3. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.
A. while B. if C. that D. for
4. ???_____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.
A. Whether B. This C. who D. If
5.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.
A. What B. That C. Whether D. If
6. ____you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. That C. Who D. How
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Keys: 1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC

7.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.
A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That what
8. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.
A. What B. It C. All that D. That
9. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.
A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped
10. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What






B. That C. How D. Where
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Key: 1—5 BBCAB 6—10 BCBAA