高中名词性从句详解

名词性从句
一、名词性从句分类：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从
句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位 语、介词宾语等，因此
根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语 从句和同位
语从句。
二、结构：引导词+陈述语序（主语+谓语+宾语）
三、关联词：引导名词性从句的有
连接词：that, whether和if；（不充当句子的任何成分）
连接代词：what(什么)，who(谁)，which（哪一个），whose（谁的），
whoever（无论谁），whatever（无论什么）, whichever （无论哪一个）
关系副词：when(什么时候)，where(在什么地方), wherever(无论哪儿),
why(为什么)，how(怎样)，how long (多长时间), how soon(多久以后)

连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分,
不能省略，语序为陈述语序。















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一、 主语从句The Subject Clause
1. 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由连接词that，whether，if和连接代 词what，
who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when ，where，why等词引导。连接代词
和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在 从句中充当从句的成分。

1）连接词that, whether和if等.
that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省
略。
That he will win is certain.他肯定会赢。
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。

注意: 由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主
语, 而把从句放在后面。 例如:
1. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible.
____________________________________________
they should like each other is natural.
____________________________________________
3. Whether I knew John doesn’t matter.
____________________________________________

如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，
也可以用if引导, 或把if 改为whether.
误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.
正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.
正: Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful.




这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
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（1） It + be + 名词 + that从句
It is a pityshame that... 遗憾的是……
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…
It is a fact that… …是事实
It is common knowledge that… …是常识
It’s a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake.
It is an honor that …非常荣幸

（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句
It’s certain that… 肯定…
It is possible that... 很可能……
It is unlikely that... 不可能……
It is obvious that… 很明显…
It is necessary important natural... that…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

It wasn’t clear why he failed the physics exams.
It is possible that she will come back tomorrow.
It is obvious that this measure is effective.
（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议……
It must be admitted that…必须承认……
It cannot be denied that… 不可否认……
It must be pointed out that…需指出的是……
It’s reported that three people were killed in the traffic accident.
It is suggested that we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise.
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（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
It happened that... 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起…
It seems that… 似乎…
It appears that… 似乎…

It happened that I didn’t take any money with me.
It occurred to me that I forget to sent the letter.

2).连接代词who, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever (Who, whom, which, what可以和ever
构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起到强调作用 。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，
它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序)
What many scientists believe is that the earth is round …
Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
Which student will win is uncertain.
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
这里说的话都应当保密。
Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.
凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。

划一划：
1. What he wants to tell us is not clear.
2. Who will win the match is still unknown.

3) 连接副词when，where， how， why等。
Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
When they will leave is not decided.
Where she is from is unknown.
How we will paint the house has not been decided.
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Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when， who, why, how or that.
1.(_____ is needed for success) is your hard work.
2.(______ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.
3.(_____ we will go tomorrow )hasn’t been decided yet.
4.(______ can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.
5.(________ it will rain or not) is not clear.

主语从句的规律：
找出下列句子中的错误，并总结规律
例 will he come is not known
例2. He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.
例3. If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
例4. That whether he will help others is a fact.
例5. When he will come are a puzzle.
1. When he will come is not known.
规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。
2. That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.
规律二、连词that 在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。
3. Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
规律三、whether 可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但if不能
4. That he will help others is a fact.
规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。
5. When he will come is a puzzle.
规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。
6. 1）. What he needs is that book.
2）. What he needs are some books.
规律六、what 引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式。
7. That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.
It is known to all that the earth turns around the sun.
规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用 it 做形式主语，而把从句放在后面。
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做一做：
找出错误，并给出理由：
shall we spend the holiday isn’t decided.
have made a mistake is a fact.
3. If the policeman will come is not certain.
4. That is certain that we can win.
5. It is ordered we should leave at once.
6. Where he comes from are a mystery.
7. What whether he likes the job is not clear.
8. Who he is and where he is from is important.
he saw is the stars in the sky.

二、宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之
后。在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可以带有宾语从句。
1. that 引导的宾语从句: that 没有意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略
例如：
■ I really feel (that)she’s making a mistake. 我的确感到她正犯错误。
■ James said (that) he was feeling better. 詹姆斯说他感到好些了。
■ Hearing (that) his son was badly wounded, he hurried to the hospital to see him.
听说儿子受了重伤，他急忙赶到医院去看望他。
■ I suggested that we should go home. 我建议我们回家去。虚拟语气，that 一般不能省略。

it 可以作为形式宾语
it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别
是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。


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2．whetherif (是否)引导的宾语从句：如果要突出“究竟是…还是不…”，常在whether 后面加
or not; if 一般不与or not连用。如：
■ He asked me ifwhether I knew John. 他问我是否认识约翰。
■ Let me know whether you can come or not. 你能来还是不能来，告诉我一声。
注意：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况
? 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：
? ①与or not连用：
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
? ②在介词之后：
It depends on whether it is going to rain.
? ③在不定式之前：
We haven’t decided whether to go there.
3．当特殊疑问词充当宾语时，由特殊疑问词连接。
Can you tell me what she is doing?
Do you know where she lives?
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。

三）宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是任何时态。
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.
Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态
（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：
? He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.
? He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，即使主句用了过去时，从句仍用 一般现在时态。
例如：
The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
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否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后
的宾语从 句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
I don’t think the film is interesting.我觉得这部电影没什么意思。
I don’t suppose we are going outing tomorrow. 我认为我们明天不会出去郊游。


三、表语从句
表语从句的定义：表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。它对主语进行 解释、说明，使主语的内
容具体化。放在系动词之后，结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，
常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如：
1. The question is whether we can rely on him.
2. That’s because we were in need of money at that time.
3. He looked as if he was going to cry.
4. That’s why I was late.
5. But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
6. The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
7. That’s not what I want.
8. My opinion is that things will improve.
9. What surprised me was that he spoke English so well.
10. All I can say is that I have nothing to do with it.

此外，表语从句还可由as if （好像）引导。如：
It looked as if it waswere going to rain. （虚拟语气）
Now let’s do some translation. 这就是她昨天请一天假的原因。
That is why she had a day off yesterday.
My idea is that individual rights should be fully respected.
The question is whether the God really exists.
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四. 同位语从句
1. 在复合句中作名词的 同位语的名词性从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以对名词的内容给
予具体、详细的说明。常在后面接 同位语从句仅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，
new s，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question，prob lem, thought，fear, belief，conclusion
等少数名词。同位语 从句常用的引导词为that,有时也用when, where 等疑问词. 同位语从句的
先行词只能是名词。
例如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
3）The news that the United States was hit by terrorist attacks took the whole world by surprise.
美国受到恐怖主义分子袭击的消息令全世界吃惊。
4）The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。
5）People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe.
人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。
6）The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money.困难在于我们缺乏资金这个事实。
7）They have no idea at all where he has gone.他们一点儿也不知道他去哪儿了。
8）He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
9）My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.
10）I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置
注意：有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如：
Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

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五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从
句中的t hat是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的， 其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；
同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名 词进行补充说明。
如：■ The idea that some peoples are superior to others is sheer nonsense.有些民族优越于其他民族这种想法简直荒谬。（请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（同位语从句）
■ The idea that he proposed at the meeting is sheer nonsense. 他在会议上提出的这个想法简直
荒谬。（请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（定语从句）
■ No one is happy with the fact that he found out. 没有人对他发现的事实感到高兴。（请辨别
是同位语从句还是定语从句。）（定语从句）
■ No one is happy with the fact that he will become their boss.没有人对他将成为他们的老板这
一事实感到高兴。（请辨别是同 位语从句还是定语从句。）（同位语从句）

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉 我的消息是汤姆明年将
出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，
that在句中不作任何成分）

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