guitarist-servant
名词性从句讲解
【试一试】
一,用that 与what 填空
1.______ he wants is a book.
2. ______ he
wants to go there is obvious.
result is
______ we won the game.
is _____ we want to
know.
_____ he told us true ?
should pay
attention to ______ the teacher is saying.
7.
I have no doubt _____ he will come.
8. I have
no idea _____ he did that afternoon.
二、用适当的连词填空:
1.____ you don’t like him is
none of my business.
2. ______ we’ll go
camping depends on _____ it will be fine tomorrow.
3. _____ she comes or not makes no difference.
4. The question is ____ it is worth doing.
5. There is some doubt ____he will come. There
is no doubt ____he will come.
6. ____ is a
fact that English is being accepted as an
international language.
7. _____ has helped to
save the drowning girl is worth praising.
8.
It is said that the famous football star is not
willing to play for ______ would pay him three
million dollars a year.
9. It was about 600
years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an
hour hand was made.
10. --- I drove to Zhuhai
for the air show last week.
--- Is that _____
you had a few days off?
11. ---Do you
remember____ he came? --- Yes, I do, he came by
car.
12. It is generally considered unwise to
give a child _____ he or she wants
三.改错:
1. He has come back so early surprises all
of us.
2. That he really means is what he
doesn’t agree with us.
3. The news which our
team had won pleased everyone.
4. The reason
why he failed in the exam was because he was too
careless.
5. It is unknown that where we will
have the meeting.
6. The problem is when will
he come back.
7. Could you tell me which was
the way to the Science Museum?
8. If he is an
engineer is unknown.
9. I have been worrying
about if I have hurt her feelings.
10. What
he needs are enough time and what I need is enough
books.
11. No matter who comes to visit the
exhibition is welcome.
12. I’ll make known to
all that you were not honest.
13. He is said
that he has gone to America.
14. My
suggestion is that we will learn more words by
heart.
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15. Why we
decided to put off the meeting is because we had
some difficulty in preparing it.
答案:
一、用that或what填空
1. What 5. what 6. what
7. that 8.
二、用适当的连词填空:
1. That 2. Whether,
whether 3. Whether 4. whether 5. whether 6. It 7.
Whoever
r 9. that 10. why 11. how er
1. 【误】 He has come back so early surprises
all of us.
【正】 That he has come back so
early surprises all of us.
【析】 that引导名词性从句时,
尽管无意义也不充当成分,但除了在动词后引导单个宾语从句时可省略外,其它
情况下不能省略。
2. 【误】 That he really means is what he
doesn’t agree with us.
【正】 What he really
means is that he doesn’t agree with us.
【析】
that和what均可引导名词性从句,区别在于:what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语,而that
在名
词性从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用。误句的主语从句应该用what作means的宾语,表
语从句中应该用that,
因为that在从句中不作任何成分。
3. 【误】 The
news which our team had won pleased everyone.
【正】 The news that our team had won pleased
everyone.
【析】 which在此句中不充当成分,说明从句不是定语从句而是同位语
从句。同位语从句不能用which引导,
故改为that。
4. 【误】 The
reason why he failed in the exam was because he
was too careless.
【正】 The reason why he
failed in the exam was that he was too careless.
【析】主语为reason时,引导表语从句的关联词一般用that,不用because,构成The
reason why for which that
for ... is that
... 句型。because引导名词性从句只用于It This That is because
... 结构。
5. 【误】 It is unknown that where we
will have the meeting.
【正】 It is unknown
where we will have the meeting.
【析】名词性从句一般只能用一个引导词,连接词that与连接副词不可并用。
6. 【误】
The problem is when will he come back.
【正】
The problem is when he will come back.
【析】
名词性从句应该用陈述句语序,即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”。
7. 【误】 Could
you tell me which was the way to the Science
Museum?
【正】 Could you tell me which is the
way to the Science Museum?
【析】当主句为过去时态的时候,宾语
从句中要用过去的某种时态。但该句中的could不是表示过去,而是表
示一种委婉的语气,故宾语从
句中的谓语动词应用一般时态。
8. 【误】 If he is an engineer
is unknown.
【正】 Whether he is an engineer is
unknown.
【析】
if不能用来引导主语从句,在表示“是否”这一意义时要用whether。
9. 【误】 I
have been worrying about if I have hurt her
feelings.
【正】 I have been worrying about
whether I have hurt her feelings.
【析】 if和whe
ther引导动词后的宾语从句时可互换。但介词后的宾语从句及主语从句、表语从句、同位语从
句只能
用whether引导。
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10. 【误】
What he needs are enough time and what I need is
enough books.
【正】 What he needs is enough
time and what I need are enough books.
【析】名词
性从句作主语时,若表语为单数名词或不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数;若表语为可数名词复数,
则谓语
动词常用复数。若谓语为动词则用单数。
11. 【误】 No matter who
comes to visit the exhibition is welcome.
【正】 Whoever comes to visit the exhibition is
welcome.
【析】 “No matter +
疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,“wh- +
ever”既可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词
性从句。
12. 【误】 I’ll
make known to all that you were not honest.
【正】 I’ll make it known to all that you were not
honest.
【析】当复合宾语的第一个成分是宾语从句时,须用it作形式宾语,而将真正的
宾语从句后置。其句式为:主
语 + 动词 + 形式宾语it + 宾补(形容词或名词)+
宾语从句。又如:I found it quite pleasant that I worked
with him.
13. 【误】 He is said that he has
gone to America.
【正】 It is said that he has
gone to America.
【析】 It is said
that是一固定句型,it为形式主语,不可用其他词代替。
14. 【误】 My
suggestion is that we will learn more words by
heart.
【正】 My suggestion is that we should
learn more words by heart.
【析】
主语为suggestion, advice, order,
proposal等名词时,表语从句要用虚拟语气,即用“(should) +
动词
原形”的结构。这些名词的同位语从句也要用虚拟语气。
15. 【误】 Why
we decided to put off the meeting is because we
had some difficulty in preparing it.
【正】 Why
we decided to put off the meeting is that we had
some difficulty in preparing it.
【析】
why引导主语从句时,表语从句要用that引导。
概念
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相
当于一个名词。因此,这四
种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose,
which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why等
1.
主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和
连接代词what,who,which,
whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,w
hen,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连
接代词和连接副词在
句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如:
What he
wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
It is known to us how he became a writer.
我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening
will be held has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语
从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。
主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如
下:
(1)It + be + 名词 + that从句 (2)It + be
+ 形容词 + that从句
(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句
(4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜
、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)
+do”,常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important, natural, strange,
etc.) that …
3
It is a
pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is
suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.)
that…
2. 宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引
导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,
在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中
不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从
句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不
可省。例如:
He has told me that he will go to
Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must
never think (that) we are good in everything while
others are good in nothing.
我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,
desire, demand, request,
command等表示要求、命令、建议、
决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+
动词原形”。例如:
I insist that she (should) do her
work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered
that troops (should) set off at once.
司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what,
when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever,
whichever等关联词引导的
宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
例如: I want to know what he has told you.
我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can
work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give
whoever needs help a warm support.
凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和
谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether
与if
在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a.
引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or
not”时;e. 后
接动词不定式时。
例如: Whether there is
life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
Everything depends on
whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
☆可用if的情况
1. Vt.动词后面跟的宾语从句 I don’t know
whetherif he will come.
2.
不作句首的主语从句(it作形式主语的从句)It’s doubtful whetherif he is
coming.
4.
注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用
不同时态。
例如:I know he studies English every day.
(从句用一般现在时)
I know he studied English last
term. (从句用一般过去时)
I know (that) he will study
English next year. (从句用一般将来时)
I know he has
studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)
当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时
,过去进行时,
过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。
例如:The teacher told us that Tom had left us
for America.
5. think, believe, imagine, supp
ose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即
将从句中的否定形式移
到主句中。
例如: We don’t think you are here.
我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so.
我相信他不会这样做。
3. 表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关
联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位
于连系动词后,有时用as
if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如:
The fact is
that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
4
It looks
as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed
the train by one minute this morning
4. 同位语从句
在句中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词(如fact,idea,news,
promise,thought等)的
后面,用以说明或解释前面的名词,引导同位语从句的词有连词
that,连接副词how,when,where等。例如:
I have no idea
when Chaplin’s film will be on again.
We were
very excited at the news that our team had won.
The fact that women can work as well as men is
clear.
Henry made a promise that he would not
open the letter until 2 o’clock.
【巩固练习】
一、单句改错
1. When and where we shall have
the lecture are not decided.
2. They want to
make it clear to the public which they are doing
an important job.
3. He ordered that the
injured had been taken good care of.
4.
Where will they go is to be discussed at
tomorrow’s meeting.
5. This is a fact that
English is widely used as an international
language.
6. What the earth moves around the
sun is known to all.
7. The news they had
won the game surprised us.
8. It depends on
if it’s going to rain.
9. At the meeting he
raised a question if the project would be
cancelled.
10. That you need is more
practice.
二、单项选择
1. His success
was because of ________ he had been working hard.
A. that B. the fact which C. the fact
that D. the fact
2. “Is Mary from New York
City” “I don't know _______.”
A. from what
city does she come from
C. what city does
she come from
A. What B. That
3.
________ makes mistakes must correct them.
C.
Whoever D. Whatever
4. The reason why I
didn't go to Shanghai was ________ a new job.
A. because I got B. because of getting C. I
got D. that I got
5. It worried her a bit
____ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B.
that C. if
D. for
D.
he has done so
6. Henry killed the dog. I'll
ask him why ________.
A. did he do that B.
he did that
A. how he is getting along
C. what he is getting along
A. however
C. he did
7. Have you
seen Henry lately My boss wants to know ________.
B. how is he getting along
D. what is he
getting along
D. whenever
B. from what
city she come
D. what city she comes
from
8. It is generally considered unwise to
give a child ____ he or she wants.
B. whatever
C. whichever
9. He asked me ________ with
me.
5
A. what is the
trouble
C. what was the matter
A. that
B.
what wrong was
D. what trouble it is
D.
that what
D. have not bee
10. I am sure
________ he said is true.
B. about that C.
of that
11. When and why
he came here ________ yet.
A. is not known
B. are not known
12. I wonder how much
________.
A. does the watch cost
B. did the watch cost
D.
the watch costs
C. afraid that D. afraid
for
C. the watch costed
A. afraid
of
C. has not known
13. Mary is
________ someone might recognize her.
B.
afraid about
14.________ is no reason for
dismissing her.
A. Because she was a few
minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes late
D. Being a few minutes late C. The fact that
she was a few minutes late
A. that not all
things can be done
C. being not all things
can be done
A. for
A. that
B.
because
B. if
15. They came
to the conclusion ________ by a computer.
B.
because of not all things be done
D. because
not all things can be done
D. that
D.
whether
16. Why the explosion occurred was
________ the laboratory attendant had been
careless.
C. since
C. what
17. I
don't doubt ________ he'll come.
18. —“Why did
you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”
—“Well, I
forget _______ I was supposed to go to.”
A.
which the room
A. that
B. which room
C. what was the room D. what room was it
D. of which
19. Output is now six times
________ it was before liberation.
B. which
C. what
20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer
woman, yet she's now buying a big house.
Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved
________.
A. what little she earns
C.
for little she earns
A. That…what
A.
which
A. that
B. how little she
earns
D. with little she earns
C.
That…which
C. that
D.
What…which
D. this
D. all that
21.
______ surprised me most was ______ such a little
boy of seven could play the violin so well.
B.
What…that
B. what
B. which
22. We gave him ________ help we could.
23. She is pleased with what you have given
him and ________ you have told him.
C. all
what
24. Excuse me would you please tell me
________
A. when the sports meet is taken
place B. when is the sports meet going to be held
C. when is the sports meet to begin
25.
Do you happen to know ________
A. what size
shoes he wears
B. how big shoes he
wears
D. what number shoes are his
6
D. when the sports meet is to take place
C.
what is the size of his shoes
26. This book will show you ________ can be
used in other contexts.
A. how you have
observed
C. that you have observed
27.
Where do you think ________
A. has he gone
B. has he been C. he's gone D. was he
28.
Do you know ________
A. how many populations
there are in the world
B. how much population
there is in the world
C. how many the
population of the world is
D. what the
population of the world is
29. Would you go
and see ________ outside
A. what to take
place
C. what is happening
A. what
B. what Tom has
happened
D. what the matter had been
B. how what you have observed
D.
how that you have observed
30. The subject of
B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I
B. Do you think
who he is
D. Do you think who he is
C. did
they live
C. whatever
C. which it was
C. what
D. did they live
in
D. no matter what
D. what it used to be
31. ________ I think he is Charles.
A. Who
do you think he is
C. Whom do you think he
is
A. they lived
A. that
32. He
didn't know which room ________.
B. they lived
in
B. which
33. The little boy ate
________ his mother gave him.
34. The city is
no longer ________.
A. what it is
A.
which
A. If…do
B. that it used
to be
B. that
B. who is his father
D. who
his father is
C. where
7
35. My
parents used ________ they had to get a new car
for me.
D. all what
D. That…does
D. Why…how
36. ________ we go swimming
every day ________ us a lot of good.
B.
That…do
B. That…what
B. What…that
B. that what
B. that
C. If…does
C. How…why
37. ________
was the idea _______ the wife thought of
A.
What…that
A. That…what
A. what that
A. if
38. _______ did he tell his wife
________ he wished to do
C. Where…which D.
Which…where
C. that which
C. whether
D. which that
D. which
39.
One of the men held the view ________ the book
said was right.
40. I have no idea ________ or
not he has finished the work.
41. —“Do you
know ________”
—“His father is a doctor.”
A. what is his father
C. what his father
is
A. place
42. Is this ________ we met each other two
years ago
B. place in which D. place
which
43. It ________ Bob drives
badly.
A. thinks that
A. where
A. if
B. is thought what
B. wherever
B. that
C. thought that
C. that
C. what
D.
is thought that
D. that wherever
44. We
all know the truth ________ there are air, water
and sunlight there are living things.
45. They
discussed ________ they could settle the problem
without others' help.
D. whether
46. She
asked ________.
A. what I was doing when she
rang me up B. what was I doing when she rang me
up
C. when she rang me up what I was doing D.
when did she ring me up what I was doing
47.
—May I borrow the ring
—You can take _______
you like.
A. no matter what B. which
A.
what beautiful is
C. beautiful is what
A. was, be sent
A. who
A. if
C.
whichever D. that
48. He said that he was
fond of ________.
B. what is beautiful
D.
what it is beautiful
C. be, was sent
C.
that
D. be, send
49. He insisted that
he ________ in good health and _______ to work
there.
B. is, is sent
B. whom
B.
that
50. Do you know ________ he
expects will give us a talk
D. whose
51.
It's uncertain ________ the experiment is worth
doing.
C. whether D. how
C. except that
D. but for
52. They would have fixed the
telephone yesterday _________ it was a holiday.
A. except B. except for
53. ________ is to do good all one's life and
never do anything bad.
A. Whichever is hard
C. What is hard
B. No matter what is
hard
D. All what is hard
54. ________ the
boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.
A. That B. What C. How
A. we go
B. we will go
D. Which
C. should we go
D. that we go
55. As the day was fine, I made
the suggestion ________ for a walk in the park.
答案:一、1. are→is2. which→that3. had
been→(should) be4. will they→they will5. This→It6.
What→That7. The
news→The news that8.
if→whether9. if→whether10. That→What
二、
8
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