高中英语语法---名词性从句详解

名词性从句详解

名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从 句。其关联词有连接词that，
if，whether；疑问代词who，what，which和疑 问副词when，where，how，why等。
一. 语法讲解
1. 主语从句
主语从句在句中做主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况由it作形式主语，而
把 主语从句放在主句之后。例如：
Who did that is known to all.
It is interesting that you should like him.
2. 表语从句
表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。如：
The question is who can complete the difficult task.
表语从句不能用if引导，但可用as if引导。例如：
He looked as if he was going to cry．
3. 同位语从句
同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的名词主要有
fact，news，promise，idea，truth等。连接词用that（不用which），及连 接副词how，
when， where，why等。例如：
His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway．
The news that our team has won the match is true.
She asked the reason why there was a delay．
4. 宾语从句
1. 宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。例如：
We can learn what we did not know．
He will talk to us about what he saw in the U.S.
如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make，find，see ，hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补
足 语之后，用it作为形式宾语。如：
We find it necessary that we practise spoken- English every day．

另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure，happy，glad, certain等之后也可带宾语从句。
如：
I am sure that he will succeed.

注意：
1) 关联词只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下：
a) 在表语从句和同位语从句中。例如：
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.
Answer my question whether you are coming.
b) 在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时，whether和if都能 引导主语从句，否
则，也只能用whether。例如：
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet.
It hasn't been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.
c) 在介词之后。（介词往往可以省略）例如：
It all depends（on）whether they will support us．
d) 后面直接跟动词不定式时。例如：
He doesn't know whether to stay or not.
e) 后面紧接or not时。例如：
We didn't know whether or not she was ready．
f) 引导让步状语从句，只能用whether。例如：
Whether you like it or not， you must do it well.
g) 用if会引起歧义时。例如：
Please 1et me know if you like it.
该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。或“如果你喜欢，请告诉我。 ”用了
whether就可以避免。
2) 关联词if，whether均可使用的情况如下：
a) 引导宾语从句。例如：
I wonder if（whether）the news is true or not．
b) 在“be十形容词”之后。例如：
He was not sure whether (if) it is right or wrong.
3) 关联词只能用whether 或 if，不能用that的情况如下：
若doubt一词作“怀疑” 解接宾语从句时，主句为肯定句用whether或if，主句为否
定句或疑问句用that。例如：
I doubt whether he will come soon.
I do not doubt that he will come soon.

Do you doubt that he will come soon？
注意： 下面这个例句中doubt的含义为“认为未必可能”。
I doubt that he will come.
2. 直接引语和间接引语。
引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的 话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是
宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引 语不用引号，通常用连接词
连接于主句。
1) 陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。例如：
He said，“I'm very glad.”
He said that he was very glad.
2) 一般疑问句变为if（whether）引导的宾语从句。例如：




He said，“Can you come this afternoon, John？”
He asked whether John could come that afternoon.
3) 特殊疑问句变为由who，what, when等疑问词引导的宾语从句。例：
He said，“Where is Mr. Wang？”
He asked where Mr. Wang was.
注意上述例句中时态，人称代词，时间 状语的变化。主句谓语动词为过去时，间接
引语中的动词变化如下：
一般现在时变为一般对去 时；现在进行时变为过去进行时；一股将来时变为过去将来时；
现在完成时变为过去完成时；一般过去时 变为过去完成时；过去完成时仍为过去
完成时。
如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来 时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一
律不变。例如：


He says，”I cleaned the f1oor.”
He says he cleaned the floor.
二.连接词详解
1， 陈述句做名从用连词that + SV, that 表主句肯定从句完整，不做成分。主从可用it 做形
式主语，宾从第一个that 可省略。 You study hard.
主从：That you study hard is known to us.= It is known to us that you study hard.
表从：My opinion is that you study hard .
宾从：I think (that) you study hard. …and that (不能省略)….
同从：My opinion that you study hard is known to us. *比较同从和主从！

? 一般抽象名词后对其进行解释和说明的完整句子就是其同位语从句，不完整就是定
语从句。
I appreciate your idea that we have an exam every week. （that后完整—同从）
I appreciate your idea that you came up with last time.（that后不完整--- 定从）
2， 一般问句做名从用连词whether(是否) + SV，whether表主句不肯定从句完整，宾从中可
用if（介词后或宾从后有or not时只用whether）。 Does your friend like English ?
主从：Whether your friend likes English isn’t clear .=It isn’t clear whether your friend likes
English.
表从：My question is whether your friend likes English.
宾从： I don’t know whether if your friend likes English.
同从：My question whether your friend likes English isn’t clear.
3, 特殊问句做名从用疑问词（连词）+ SV, 疑问词做主语时直接+谓语。连接代词（whatwhichwhowhose…）表主句不肯定从句不完整，连接副词（whenwherewh yhow）表主
句不肯定从句完整。
Where did you go just now ?
主从：Where you went just now isn’t clear.= It isn’t clear where you went just now.
表从：My question is where you went just now.
宾从：I wonder where you went just now.
同从：My question where you went just now isn’t clear.
? 当主句为现在时态从句时态不受影响，当主句为过 去时态从句就应该变成过去的某
种时态，但客观真理总用一般现在时，有固定过去时间总用过去时。
高频考点1，当主从句都缺成分时指物用 whatwhateverwhichever(有范围), 指人用 whoever
whomever(做宾语).
The buildings have built in _what_ was farmland. _What_ you need is courage.
The prize will be awarded to _whoever_ has won the game. You can choose
_whatwhateverwhomever_ you like.
Of all, you can choose _whichever_ you like .
2, No matter+疑问词，只能引导让步状语从句（主从句逗号分开）， 疑问词+ever 既
可引导让步状从，又可引导名从（从句在主句中做成分）。
_No matter who whoever-has broken the law , he ‘ll be punished .
_Whoever_ has broken the law will be punished.
3, 抽象名词（fact, newsword, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, problem,
possibilitychance ,rumor, concept…）后常用 that 引导同从。
News word came that you had passed the exam.

There is no possibility chance that he’ll come.
练习1
1. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate _____ is below the water surface. Often
there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
2. I truly believe _____ beauty comes from within.
3. _____ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
4. _____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
5. We must find out _____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
6. A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not _____ ships are built for.
7. ----I wonder _____ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
----By working out every day.
8. You have to know _____ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
9. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for _____ Doris Lessing had achieved in
literature.
10. The exhibition tells us _____ we should do something to stop air pollution.
11. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me.
12. I think _____ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.
13. It is difficult for us to imagine _____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
14. ----Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
----Yeah, but I have no idea ____ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.
15. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _____ you’re afraid to do.
16. Exactly _____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around
1565.
17. ----What a mess! You are always so lazy!
----I’m not to blame, Mum. I am ______ you have made me.
18. As John Lennon once said, life is ______ happens to you while you are busy making other
plans.
19. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s _____ I was born.”
20. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _____you are better than
anyone else on the sports field.
21. Experts believe _____ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
22. _____ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
23. _____ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
24. _____ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.

25. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _____ close you may be to
victory.
26. From space, the earth looks blue. This is _____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is
covered by water.
27. _____ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
28. It remains to be seen _____ the newly formed committee’s policy can be out into practice.
29. _____ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
30. It is by no means clear _____ the president can do to end the strike.
练习2
1. The Beatles were in many ways pioneers for _____ was to come, like holding concerts in
sports stadiums.
2. Blind people have their own ways to tell the shape of an object and _____ it is day or night.
3. ----Do you enjoy the latest movies?
----Yeah, I will go for _____ is on.
4. When you are reading, make a note of _____ you think is of great importance.
5. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _____ it is that he is trying to
express.
6. If you are going to kill the snake, you have to get close to _____ the head is and cut it off.
7. The Peony Pavilion, a play written by Tang Xianzu, is _____ many people regard as the most
romantic story in Chinese literature.
8. There is no doubt _____ the famous professor will come to give us a lecture.
9. How grateful I am to my grandfather for his advice _____ whatever trouble I come across,
being calm is a must.
10. A warm thought suddenly came to me _____ I might buy some flowers for my friend’s
mother’s 60
th
birthday.
11. That company wants to reduce prices to increase its market share, and this is _____ we differ
from it.
12. Dozens of people were waiting with a camera for _____ seemed like hours, hoping to catch a
glimpse of the US First Lady, Michelle Obama.
13. We have learned from the story that _____ is most valuable is not what we have in our lives
but _____ we have in our lives.
14. _____ he considered a great proposal was turned down by the boss at the meeting.
15. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _____ you want to use it for.
16. With many cities in China dreadfully blanketed by thick haze, the environment problem is

_____ Chinese people concern most nowadays.
17. What is concerning us greatly is _____ the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set
free.
18. Steve Job’s success in digital field proved _____ it took to be a best CEO.
19. The problem is _____ we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.
20. ----It’s my treat today. Is there anything particular you would like to have?
----_____ you choose is fine with me.
21. The practical suggestion came from the representatives _____ the new rule be adopted.
练习3
It was reported __1__ there was an accident at a corner of the Roman Street this morning.
No one saw __2__ on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured.
__3__ will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation. The police were uncertain about
__4__ the driver was guilty. __5__ the police should do now is __6__ they must find out what led to
the accident. They said it was difficult for them to judge because __7__ the accident happened is not
clear. Perhaps the reason was __8__ the driver was too tired to stop the car in time. The driver didn’t
admit the fact __9__ he was over-speed driving at the turning. The police doubted __10__ what he
said was true and decided to make a further investigation.

参考答案
练习1
1. what 句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，一定要查明水下的状况。经常会有岩石或树枝隐藏
在水中。 宾语从句，作investigate的宾语，从句缺主语且表示事物，故用what。
2. that 句意：我确信美丽源自内在。宾语从句，从句结构完整，故用that。
3. How 句意：我们理解事物的方式与我们的认知有很大关系。主语从句，从句缺少方式状语，
故用How。
4. Where 句意：李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。< br>主语从句，缺少地点状语，故用where。
5. when 句意：我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们可以为他预订房间。宾语从句，作
find out的宾语，从句缺少时间状语，故用when。
6. what 句意：在港口的船是安全的，但 是那并不是船被建造的目的。表语从句，从句缺少宾
语且指事物，故用what。
7. how 句意：——我想知道这么些年来玛丽究竟是如何保持体型的。——通过每天锻炼身体。
宾语从句 ，从句缺少方式状语，故用how。
8. where 句意：如果你要计划到那里的喜好路线，你就 得知道你将要往哪儿走。宾语从句，从
句缺少地点状语，故用where。
9. what 句意：读着Doris Lessing的自传，我沉浸在对她在文学上获得的成就的崇拜之中。宾
语从 句，从句缺少宾语且指事物，故用what。
10. why 句意：这个展览告诉我们为什么我们应 该做一些事情来阻止空气污染。宾语从句，从
句缺原因状语，故用why。
11. what 句意：“每次你吃糖果的时候，喝点绿茶。”这就是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的。表语从
句，引导词在从句 中作宾语且表示事物，故用what。
12. what 句意：我认为他的画使我印象深刻的是他对色彩的使用。主语从句从句缺主语且指事
物，故用what。
13. what 句意：我们很难想象古代奴隶们的生活是什么样子的。宾语从句缺宾语且指事物，故
用what。
14. why 句意：——迈克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学给他的录取机会，这是真的吗？——是的，但是< br>我不知道他为什么会这样做，那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。同位语从句，根据句意填why。
15. what 句意：振作起来，勇气就是去做你不敢去做的事情。宾语从句，从句缺作宾语的连接
词，故填what。
16. when 句意：土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定，但很可能是在1565年左右。主语从 句，

缺时间状语，故用when。
17. what 句意：——真是太乱了 ！你总是这么懒惰！——妈妈，别责怪我。你使我成了现在这
个样子的。表语从句缺宾补，故用what 。
18. what 句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经所说的那样：当你正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已离 你远
去。表语从句缺主语，故用what。
19. where 句意：奶奶指着那家医院说：“那就是我出生的地方。”表语从句，缺地点状语，故用
where。
20. that 句意：在最高水平上取得成功的唯一方法就是要完全相信在运动场上你比其他任何人 都
优秀。同位语从句，从句结构和意义完整，故用that。
21. that 句意：专家 认为，人们可以通过只有在必要时才购物这一方法来减少食物的浪费。宾语
从句，从句结构和意义完整， 故用that。
22. What 句意：我想告诉你的是我对父母深深的爱和敬重。主语从句，从句缺宾语且指事物，
故用what。
23. What 句意：影片中最打动我的是那位父亲对他儿子深厚的爱。主语从句，从句缺主语且指
事物，故用what。
24. What 句意：让这本书如此不同寻常的是作者创造性的想 象力。主语从句，从句缺主语且指
事物，故用what。
25. how 句意：不要因失败 而泄气，因为你永远也不会知道成功可能离你有多近。宾语从句，
空后close为形容词，故填how 。
26. because 句意：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%都被水覆 盖着。根据
句意应该用because引导表语从句。
27. Whichever 句意： 你们之中不管是谁打破了窗户，都要赔偿。主语从句，引导词限定后面的
one，且表示在限定范围(y ou)中的任何一个，故用whichever。
28. whether 句意：新组成的委员会制 定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。题干中It是形式主语，
空格处引导主语从句，故用whether。
29. What 句意：你在会上的讲话为公司描述了一个光明的未来。主语从句，从句缺宾语，故用
what。
30. what 句意：总统可能采取什么措施来结束罢工一点都不清楚。It为形式主语，空格处引 导
的从句为真正的主语。从句中do后缺少宾语，故由what引导该主语从句。
练习2
1. what 句意：披头士乐队在很多方面都是开拓者，比如在运动场开演唱会。此处所缺的词作< br>介词for的宾语，同时在句子中作主语，表示“后来的事情”，故用what。
2. whether 句意：盲人有他们自己辨别物体的形状以及是白天还是夜晚的方法。宾语从句，根
据题干中的or night，故填whether。

3. whatever 句意：——你喜欢最新 的电影吗？——喜欢。无论什么在上映我都会去看。宾语
从句，作介词for的宾语，设空处应用wha tever，相当于anything that…
4. what 句意：当你读书时，要把你认为重要的东西记下来。宾语从句，从句缺主语且指事物，
故用what。
5. what 句意：他写得很乱以至于很难弄清他到底要表达什么意思。宾语从句，从句缺少宾语< br>且指事物，故用what。
6. where 句意：如果你想杀死蛇，你得接近蛇头并将其砍 断。宾语从句，从句缺少表示地点的
表语，故用where。
7. what 句意：汤显祖 所写的《牡丹亭》是很多中国人认为的汉语文学中最浪漫的故事。表语
从句，从句缺少宾语且指事物，故 用what。
8. that 句意：毫无疑问，那位著名的教授将会来给我们作一场演讲。同为与从 句，从句意思、
结构完整，故用that。
9. that 句意：我感激我爷爷的建议，即 无论我遇到什么麻烦，保持镇静是必要的。同位语从句，
从句不缺任何成分，故用that。
10. that 句意：我突然有了一个很温馨的想法，那就是我可以为我朋友妈妈的六十大寿买鞋鲜 花。
同位语从句，从句不缺任何成分，故用that。
11. where 句意：那家公司 想要通过降低价格来增加市场份额，这就是我们和它不同的地方。表
语从句，从句缺地点状语，故用wh ere。
12. what 句意：很多人拿着相机等了好像有几个小时了，希望能够看到美国第一夫 人米歇尔·奥
巴马的真容。宾语从句，从句缺主语，且表示事物，故用what。
13. what; who 句意：从这个故事中我们知道了最有价值的不是我们在生活中有什么东西而是生
活 中的人。第一空：主语从句，从句缺主语且表示事物，故填what。第二空：表语从句，
从句缺少宾语 且指人，故用who。
14. What 句意：他那个自认为很不错的提议被老板在会上否决了。主 语从句，从句缺宾语且指
事物，故填what。
15. what 句意：选择对的词典取决于你想用它来做什么。宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指事物，
故填what。
16. what 句意：随着中国许多城市被厚厚的雾霾所笼罩，环境问题成了当今中国人最为关注的
问题。表语从句，从句缺少宾语且指事物，故用what。
17. whenhowwhether 句意：我们非常关心的是昨天被拦劫在那个地区的工人们什么时候会怎
样是否会被释放。表语从句，从句不缺任何成分，故填when，how或者whether。
18. what 句意：Steve Jobs在数字领域的成功证明了要想成为最好的CEO所需要的条件。名词性从句，从句缺宾语，故用what。
19. howwhether 句意：问题是我们如何是 否能在这么短的时间内提升阅读技能。表语从句，根

据句意填howwhether。
20. Whatever 句意：——今天我请客，你有什么特别想吃的吗？——无论你选择什么对我来说
都可以。主语从句。
21. that 句意：来自代表们的切实可行的建议是：这项新规定应该被采纳。同位语从句，从句 意
思完整，故用that。
练习3
1. that 句意：据报道，今天早上在罗 马大街的拐角处发生了一起交通事故。it为形式主语，that
从句是真正的主语。
2. what 句意：没人知道当时究竟发生了什么。宾语从句，从句缺主语且表示事物，故用what。
3. Who 句意：谁应对这一事故负责仍然在调查中。主语从句，从句缺主语且表示人，故用who。
4. whether 句意：警察不能确定司机是否有罪。根据题干中的uncertain可知设空处表示“是否” ，
介词后不能用if引导宾语从句，故用whether。
5. What 句意：现在警察应做的就说他们必须弄清楚事故的起因。what引导主语从句。
6. that 表语从句，从句结构、意思完整，故用that。
7. how 句意：他们说他们很难下结论，因为事故是如何发生的还不清楚。根据句意可知该处
应填how。
8. that 句意：也许是因为司机疲劳驾驶没能及时刹住车。The reasons was that…为固定句式。
9. that 句意：司机不承认他在拐角处超速驾驶。That引导同位语从句。
10. whether 句意： 警察怀疑他所说的话的真实性，决定作进一步的调查。doubted（肯定式）后
面的宾语从句常用w hether引导。