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名词性从句九大高考热点分析
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语
从句。因为它是从句,因此具有
句子的结构特点(即有一套主谓成份);同时又具有名词性特点,所以可
以在复合句中作
主语、宾语、表语或同位语。名词性从句是中学英语学习的重点,也是高考的主要考点之
一。我们必须弄懂和掌握以下热点问题。
一、连接词what与that的用法区别
引导主、宾、表语从句时,what要
充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分,that不作任何成分,
只在语法上起连接的作用。例如
____ we can’t get seems better than ____ we
have.
A. What; what B. what; that C.
That; that D. That; what
解析:本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语
从句,且两个从句都缺乏宾语,可见两个引导词
都必须充当成分,所以答案是A。又如:
____ caused the accident is still a complete
mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D.
Where
解析:该题答案是A,what在主语从句中作主语,即作谓语动词caused的执行者
。在下
面的例句中,that不充当任何成份,只起语法连接作用(因为句子本身不缺成分):
That the former Iraq president Saddam was
captured has been proved.
二、
连接词whether和if的用法区别
通常,引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句
时,要用连词whether,不用if;习惯上
也只能说whether or not,而不说if
…or not。例如:
____ the 2000 Olympic Games will
be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A.
Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
解
析:试题中的从句位于句首,不难知道这是一个主语从句,所以答案是C。但是在宾语
从句中表达“是否
”既可用if也可用whether。
三、 名词性从句的语序
与别的从句一样,名词性从句必须用陈述语序。例如:
No one can be
sure ____ in a million years.
A. what man will
look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look
will man like
解析:由于从句不能倒装,所以答案只能是A。又如:
You
can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice
Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited
B. how excited they were
C. how excited were
they D. they were how excited
解析:答案是B。同时
还须注意,从句的引导词必须始终置于句首,而且how和被修饰的
词excited不能分裂开。
四、 形式主语、形式宾语
当主语从句较长,而谓语较短时,常常将从句后置,而用it作为形式主语,置于句首。
动词后接复合宾语,也可用it作形式宾语。例如:
____ is a fact
that English is being accepted as an international
language.
A. There B. This C. That
D. It
解析:所需词至于句首,同时后面有that-
从句(逻辑主语),可见这里应该用形式主语it,
所以答案是D。think, find,
consider, believe, feel等动词后常带复合宾语。例如:
Many
people think it possible that a trade war between
EU and the States will happen.
五、 Who
whoever, what whatever等的用法区别
一般说来,whatwh
o等含特指意义,而whateverwhoever等含泛指意义,意为“无论什么
无论谁”。例如:
It is generally considered unwise to give a
child ____ he or she wants.
A. however B.
whatever C. whichever D. whenever
解析:答案
是B,whatever引导一个宾语从句,并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever
不能改成what,因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他她什么事不明智的”,具
有泛指的概念。同时要注意,这里whatever也不能改用no matter
what,因为后者只能引
导状语从句。又如:
____ has helped to
save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A.
Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
解析:答案是D,whoever意为“无论谁”,表泛指。比较下例:
I can’t
remember at the moment who has said the words.
(这里的who表特定的某人)
六、 Where, when,
why等连接副词引导的名词性从句
Where, when,
why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句,使用的关键是:这个词必须符合句
子的逻辑意义要求。例如:
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last
week.
— Is that ____ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. that D. where <
br>解析:答案是A,why引导的从句作表语,同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选
wh
y,而不是when或 where等,唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义,及语境。又如(MET94);
—Do you remember ____ he came?
—Yes, I do,
he came by car.
A. How B. when C. that
D. if
解析:答案是A,从答语 “he came by
car”可知这里问的是“he”来的方式,所以用how引
导。
七.“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格,决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如:
It
was a matter of ____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D.
whomever
解析:答案是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句,作介词of宾语的,是后面的整个
句子,
而不是宾语从句的引导词,由于这里引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who(作宾语
时自然要用whom)。比较下例:
Our country has
thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom
have received higher
education at home.
这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句;引导定语从句的是“most of+关系代词”而不只
是这个关系代词,同时这个引导词又作介词of的宾语,所以要用宾格whom。(注意与介
词
后面的宾语从句的引导词的用法进行比较和区别。)
八、连接词that的省略
引导宾语从句时,that通常可以省略,但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时,that不能省。
例如:
China’s success in manned-spacecraft
travel shows ____ our country has become one of
the greatest powers in space research.
A.
what B. which C. 不填 D. it that
解析:该句中
的从句作shows的宾语,是宾语从句,又因为从句中不缺主、宾语,所以只
能用that引导;又因
引导宾语从句时that可以省略,所以答案是C。
九、同位语从句引导词where,
when的用法特点
说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where,
when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但
引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。是比较:
Then arose the question ____ we were to get so
much money.
This the house ____ the great man
Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.
A. where
B. that C. about which D. in which
解析:答案分别是(1) A (2) AD。先行词与where, when概念一致时,是定语从
句,(2)
中的house与where同表地点,且这个关系副词where或when可以用“介词
+which”的形
式代替,所以答案A 和D都可以引导。(1)题中的question与wher
e不表同一概念,
可见是同位语从句,所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式
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