高中英语名词性从句热点探幽

名词性从句热点探幽
名词性从句根据在句中的功能可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从 句和同位语从句。
这些从句和名词一样，在句中可以充当主语、宾语（包括介词宾语和动词宾语以及某些形容词后的宾语）、表语和同位语。名词性从句的引导词分为三类，连接代词、
连接副词和引导 连词。连接代词在从句中一般作主语和宾语；连接副词在句中一般
作状语，而引导连词一般不作成分。
一 主语从句 （Subject Clause）
概述：主语从句在句中作主语。引导连词有that ,whether ，连接代词有
who ,whom ,whose, what ,which ,,,-ever，连接副词when, where, why, how 等。
Eg : 1) That he won first prize is surprising .
2) When they will return to China hasn’t been known .
3) What we can’t get seems better than what we have .
主语从句可放在句子后部。Eg : It’s exciting that we have won the match..
① It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey .
A while B that C if D for (KEY : B)____
② ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international
language .
A there B This C That D It (KEY :D)
-ever引导的主语从句一般不在句尾.Eg :Whoever will come is none of my

business.
(N)MET 89-99 对主语从句从以下几个方面进行了考查。
1 if 和 whether 的区别
1）引导由形式主语it 替代的主语从句时，if 和whether可以互换。
Eg : It’s still a question whether if she will come 。
2）无形式主语it 时，只能用whether 引导主语从句。
Eg : Whether we will discuss the question has to be decided .（正）
If we’ll discuss the question has to be decided . （误）
2 that 和 what 的区别
that引导主语从句时是连词，它只起连接作用，在从句中不能充当任何成分，引导
其它名词性从句时也如此。 that引导主语从句置于句首时不可以省略。而what 是
代词，除了起引导作用外，还在从句中充当主语或宾语。
That she was chosen made us very happy .
What is most important in life isn’t money .
3 that 和 if whether 的区别
例题 ①中it 作形式主语，主语从句用that引导，意为“她的 头发正在变白”
这一事实“使她有点忧虑”；若用if来引导，则意为“她的头发是否正在变白”
这一疑问，是否变白并非变白了，何以“使她忧虑”？故选择if不对。
如：It is doubtful whether the President knew the details of the plan
总统是否知道这个计划的细节这一点颇有疑问。（whether不可换成that）

Whether he will come to the discussion is uncertain.
他是否要来参加讨论不一定。（whether不可换成that）
That he will come to the discussion is certain .
他来参加讨论是肯定无疑的。（that 不可换成whether）
4 须特别注意的几个句型
（1） It + be+ adj + Subject Clause < br>Clear,strange,obvious,important,possible,natura l,surprising,interest
ing,likely, unusual,certa in,necessary,best,essential,impossible等常
用于此结构。
（2） It + be +名词（词组）+ 主语从句
常见的名词（词组）有a fact , a good thing , good news ,a shame ,a pity ,a
wonder, no wonder , no surprise, common knowledge, time ,high time
等。
(3) It + be + 过去分词 +主语从句
常见的这类过去分词有known , expected, thought, believed , said ,proved,
reported, announced ,hoped ,suggested , demanded , decided , discussed ,
required ,found out等。
以上的斜体词（组 ）用于这类结构中时，主语从句（往往由引导）中的谓语动
词用虚拟语气。例如：
It is important that they (should) be here on time .

It is demanded that he leave at once .
It is time we got up.
(4)主语从It + 不及物动词 +主语从句
常见的动词有appear , happen, seem , follow , turn out等。
It (so) happened that I saw your brother yesterday.
It appears that they are in need of water.
二 宾语从句
宾语从句作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词与引导主语从句的连词基本相同。
Do you mind if Kate will use your bike ?
I remember that there used to be a tree in front of my house .
.I am interested in why he has told you about it .
注意：在Do you think （或suppose , believe, say , imagine等但不含know
和tell两词）后跟作关联词用的 疑问词引导的宾语从句时，习惯上该疑问词要
转移到主句之前; 还要注意这些动词引导的宾语从句表达否定概念时要否定主
句。例如：
Why do you think we can’t cut down the big tree?
Who do you suppose will win the first prize?
I don’t believe that he had made a mistake .
三 表语从句
在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句。引导表语从句的连词有连接词that,

whether, as if,连接代词who ,what, which;连接副词when ,where, how, why等。
Eg It looks as if it will rain .
That is why he went to America .
注意：在表语从句中，当reason作主语时，引导词只 能用that，不能用because。
如 : The reason why he was late was that he didn’t catch the early bus.
四 同位语从句
用在某些名词后，进一步解释、说明这些名词，用作同位语的从句，叫做同位语从
句。这些名词主要有 fact , news , hope, belief, thought , truth,
chance,possiblility,suggestion , message，idea ，doubt等。
如： The chairman’s suggestion that we fix a time for a talk with the foreign
company has been passed.
We have heard the news that a new English teacher will teach us .
注意：1.一般而言，上述各词除idea ，doubt外，所包含内容多为 陈述性的，即所
跟的同位语从句往往成分完整，后面接引导词用that； （如上文例句所示）
和doubt既可接that 类的同位语从句，也可接wh—类的同位语从句
Do you approve of the idea that success can be measured in terms of
money alone?(2020.临沂模拟)
I have no idea where the Smiths live.
doubt后接是接that还是接 whetherwhowhat et须视具体情况而定。一般
而言，当doubt前有no 、not或little等否定词时后多用that，反之用其它形式。

There is no doubt that he is guilty.
There is some doubt whether he is guilty.
注意 ：同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1）引导同位语从句的that是从属连词，只起连接作用，在句中不作任何成分；引
导定语从 句的that是关系代词， 在句中充当某种成分，而且常常可为 who,
which所取代，这说明两种从句的语法结构明显不同。
Eg : The fact that we talked about is very important .(定语从句that 作about
的宾语)
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody。 ( 同位
语从句，that在句中不作任何成分)
2）引导定语从句的when, where , why , how , 是关系副词，不但在句中充当成
分还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when ,where，why, how
是连接副词，虽可以在从句中充当成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。
Eg :I’ll never forget the days when we were together.
(定语从句，先行词the days与关系副词when构成含义上相当的搭配关系)
I have no idea when he will be back.
(同位语从句，idea与连接副词when在含义上没有任何搭配关系)
五 注意以下情况
1）引导同位语从句，表语从句以及作介词宾语从句时，只能用whether
eg :The question is whether it is worth reading .

The question whether we ought to call in a specialist was answered by the
doctor.
I am interested in whether she will go abroad or not .
2) be surecertain that…表示“确信或肯定…”，相应的 疑问句中仍使用连词
that。但在相应的否定句式中须使用连词whether或 if。
Eg : We are surecertain that our team will win the game .
Are you certain sure that you’ll get there in time ?
I am not sure certain if whether his work has been finished
3）.that通常不可省略的情况：
（1）主语从句，that从句置于于句首时；That our had work will pay off is
certain.
（2）当一个句子有两个或多个并列宾语从句时， 引导第二个和以后几个从句的that
不可省略；
He insisted (that) he was innocent and that he be set free.
（3）由it作形式宾语时，在that引导的宾语从句中，that 也不可省略。
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and
necessary job.
六 名词性从句疑点、交叉点、热点、考点透视
1. 连接词的考查。这也是对名词性从句的最为常见的考 查。在判断名词性从句的所
缺少的引导词时，一看它缺不成分，缺什么成分；二是优先满足句子所缺的主 语、

宾语、表语等主干，在不缺少主干成分的前提下，根据语境确定其它引导词。
Choosing the right dictionary depends on ____ you want to use it for.
A. what B. why C. how D. whether (A)
2考查从句的陈述句语序、与强调结构演变 而来的名词性从句、含有复合宾语的及
其被动语态、虚拟语气等因素的宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句等 进行整合，增加
题干的复杂性。
1）----Don’t you think it necessary that he _____ to Miami but to New York?
---- I agree,but the problem is ______ he has refused to.（2020.江苏）
not be sent; that be sent; that not be sent; what
not send; what （B）
2）I just wonder ____that makes him so excited.（2020.山东）（D）
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
3）Having got over countless difficulties ,they eventually reached______ is
now called America.(C)
A. which B. that C. what D. when
3.通过加入一些插入成分进行割裂中心词和从句，或改变句子的正常结构，从而增
加句子的迷惑性和干扰性，影响学生的选择。
1).--- It’s thirty years since we last met.
---But I still remember the story , believe it or not, ____we got lost on
a rainy night.（2020.四川高考）

A. which B. that C. what D. when （B）
2).Nobody would stand out admitting the fact, for some reason, ____ , they
lost the game.（2020.江苏南通）
A. that B. which C .what D. why (A)
3).I think, though I could be mistaken,____ he liked me.
A. who B .which C. that D. what (C)
4.利用wh +ever 引导的从句与no matter+wh引导的从句从句有重合但 又有不同这
一交叉点，进行设空；利用what(ever)与which(ever)中前者有范围， 后者有范围
的特点设空；利用whoever与whomever的交叉点设空；利用whoever与 those who
谓语单复数不同设空。
1).I’ll give the food to ________needs it. (B)
A. whom B. whoever C. no matter who D. whomever
2) ----Could you do me a favour?（2020.北京）
----It depends on______ it is.（2020.辽宁）
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
3）_____team wins on Saturday will go through to national championship.
A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever
用于表示比喻的一个特殊结：A is to B what C is to D 意为“A对于B
犹如C对于D一样”，A和B是主体， C和D是喻体。在这里what引导一个表语从
句，在表语从句中作表语，不能省略．该点近年成为各省考试热点

1)Engines are to machines _____ hearts are to animals. (NMET2020山东)
A. as B. that C. what D. which
析：选C。题意“引擎对于机器犹如心脏对于动物”。
2)A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.
3) Virtue is to the soul what health is to the body. 美德对于心灵犹如健康
对于身体。

跟踪练习：
(1) I’ve forgot _____ you gave her as a birthday gift . (A)
A what B when C how D where
(2)He’s bought a cottage in the country for____ he retires，with the money
he’s saved over half of his life.(A)
A. when B. where C. what D. which
（3）After twenty years away from the world, the professor remember nothing
but ____ he was called in prison.(C)
A. when B. that C. what D. how
(4) These photographs will show you _____.(B)
A what does our village look like B what our village looks like
C how does our village look like D how our village looks like
(5) ---- We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time .(B)

---- What do you suppose ____ to her?
A. was happening B. has happened C. to happen D. having happening
(6) It is generally considered unwise to give a child ___ he or she wants.(B)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever
(7)Do you have any idea ____electricity plays such an important part in our
daily life?
A. why is it that B. how is it that C. why was it D. when it was that
(8)______ you don’t like him is none of my business.(D)
A. how B. whether C. if D. that
(9)---Do you remember ____he was taken to the hospital?(B)
---Yes, he was sent to the hospital in Mr. Smith’s car.
A. why B. how C. when D. that
(10)Sorry, I don’t understand_______ of you have said means.(B)
A. all what B. what all C. all that D. that all