斯黛拉英文-享受英语
名词性从句
重难点分析
名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点,也
是热点。名词性从句相当于名词,可作主句的主语、宾语、
表语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为主语
从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句(见下表)。
主语从句
宾语从句
作主语,用 that, whether, if, what(=the thing
that)等连接词引导。
作宾语,用 that(可省略), whether(or not),
if, what(=the thing which)等连接词引
导。
表语从句
同位语从句
用 that(一般不省略), whether,
what(=the thing which)等连接词引导。
用 that(常用在 news,
thought, idea, plan, suggestion, fact
等词后),whether 等连接
词引导。
一、主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主语谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it
代替,而本身放
在句子末尾。如:
Who will go is not
important. 谁将去不是重要的。
1. it 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较
it 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而 it
引导的强
调句则是对句子每一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词
that。被强调部分指人时也
可用 whowhom。如:
It is a pity
that you didn’t go to see the film. (主语从句)
你没去看电影真是遗憾。
It is in the morning that the
murder took place. (强调句)谋杀案发生的时间是在早晨。
2. 用 it
作形式主语的结构
句型
1
It is+名词+主语从句
例句
It is a fact that…事实是…… It is an honor
that…非常荣幸…… It is
common knowledge that… ……是常识
2
It is+形容词+主语从句
It is natural
that………很自然 It is strange that… 奇怪的是…… (此句
型后面常接虚拟语气 should+动词原形)
3
It+不及物动词+主语从句
It seems that…似乎…… It happened that…碰巧…… It
appears that…似
乎……
4
It ishas
been+过去分词+ It is reported that…据报道…… It has been
proved that…据证实…… It is
主语从句 said
that…据说…… It is believed that 据认为一般人都认为……
2.
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
说明
1
例句
if
引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首 Whether he will come or not in
unknown. (正)
If he will come or not is
unknown. (误)
2
It is
saidreported…结构中的主语从句
It is said that
Jiang will visit our school next week. (正)
Jiang will visit our school next week is said.
(误) 不可提前
3
It happensoccurs…结构中的主语从句
It occurred to him that he failed in the
examination. (正)
不可提前
4
That
he failed in the examination occurred to him. (误)
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
(正)
It doesn’t matter howwhether…结构中
的主语从句不可提前
Whether he is wrong or not
doesn’t matter. (误)
Isn’t likely that it will
rain in the evening? (正)
5
含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主
语从句不可提前 Is that it will
rain in the evening likely? (误)
二、宾语从句
宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
说明
由 that 引导的宾语从句(that
例句
I heard (that) he joined the army.
我听说他参军了。
通常可以省略)
1
作动词的宾语
由
what, whetherif, when,where She did not know what
had happened. 她不知道发生了
等引导的宾语从句
动词+间接宾语+宾语从句
什么。
She told me that
she would accept my invitation. 她告诉
我她将接受我的邀请。
2
作介词的宾语
Our success depends onupon
how well we can cooperate
with one another.
我们的成功取决于我们互相合作得有
多好。
3
作形容词的宾语
I am afraid (that) I have made a mistake.
恐怕我犯了个
错。
4
It 可以作为形式宾语 We heard it
that she would get married next month. 我 们
听说她下个月打算结婚。
suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine
等,
否定前移(若主句谓语动词为
think, consider,
5
其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否
I don’t think this dress fits you well.
我认为这件衣服不
定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式)。
适合你穿。
注意:that 引导的从句常跟在某些形容词后作宾语,如:anxious, aware,
certain, confident, convinced,
determined,
gald, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful,
ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased,
satisfied,
content 等。也可将此类词后的从句看作是原因状语从句。
三、表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般
结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从
句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look,
remain, seem 等。引导表语从句的引导词 that
一般不省略。另
外,常用的含有表语从句的结构还有“The reason is
that…”,“It is because…”,“That’s why…”等。如:
The reason he is late for school is that he
missed the early bus. 他上学迟到的原因是他错过了早班车。
四、同位语从句
同位语从句是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
说明 例句
The king’s decision that the
prisoner would be set free
surprised all the
people. 国王做出释放那个罪犯的决
对于名词进一步解释
1
同位语的功能
(一般由 that 引导)
说明名词的具体内容
定让所有人都很吃惊。
The order that all the soldiers should stay
still is given
by the general.
所有的士兵都应该保持不动,这个命
令是将军下的。
2
同位语从句在句
子中的位置
有时可以不紧跟在它所说
明的名词后面,被别的词
隔开
He got the news from
Mary that the sports meeting was
put off.
他从玛丽那里得到消息——运动会被推迟
了。
五、whether, if
引导名词性从句的区别
说明
1
例句
Whether we will go camping tomorrow depends on
the weather. 我们
句首引导主语从句只能用
whether
明天是否去野营取决于天气。
What the doctor really doubt
is whether my mother will recover from
the
serious disease soon. 医生真正怀疑的是我的母亲是否会很快从
重病中恢复。
2
if 不能引导表语从句
3
if 不能引导介词后的宾语从句
Everything depends on whether we can make
a plan that they will
agree to.
一切取决于我们能否做出一个他们会同意的计划。
4
宾语从句是否定句只能用 if
I asked Peter if he hadn’t decided what
he would say at the meeting.
我问皮特他是不是还没决定会议上他讲的内容。
5
discuss
后的宾语从句只能用
We discussed whether the
medicine will cause side effects. 我们讨论
了这个药是否会引起副作用。 whether 引导
注意:doubt
作“怀疑”解,后接宾语从句时,如主句是肯定的,宾语从句用 whether 或 if
引导,如主
句是否定,宾语从句只能用 that 引导。如:
I doubt
whetherif he is fit for the job. 我怀疑他是否胜任这份工作。
I don’t doubt that he can do it very
well. 他能把它做好,我不怀疑。
考点练透
一、单句填空
用适当的连词填空,补全下列句子。
1. I can’t decide
dictionary I would buy.
he refused my
invitation.
he has improved his pronunciation
in such a short time.
2. That’s
3. I am very interested in
4.
we need is more time.
she had not said
anything at the meeting surprised everybody.
and they will meet has not been decided yet.
you are waiting for.
you are looking for?
the nearest post office is?
5. The fact
6.
7. Please tell me
8. Is that
9. Would you please
tell me
10. I don’t know he will agree to
the plan or not.
11.
is done
cann’t be undone.
you don’t make mistakes in
the coming exam.
he had put.
we have.
12. Take care
13. To his
surprise, the umbrella was not
14.
we can’t get seems better than
he is
willing to come is not important.
they are
most interested in is
I rest or not.
15.
16.
they can produce more
and better cars.
17. It doesn’t matter
18.
I have will be yours sooner
or later.
you are eating too much.
Alice
has put the gold necklace?
he came?
19. I
think it is
20. Can you make sure
21. —Do you remember
—Yes, I do. He
came by train.
22. Mother asked me
was wrong with me.
23.
they have
won the game made us excited.
he says in his
report is a very interesting question.
he
failed to arrive on time.
24.
25.
That is
二、语篇填空 根据短文意思用适当的词填空。
I
don’t know
1 you have noticed 2 some
students don’t want to walk to school. It can be
seen
4 every day
3 their
parents drive them to school. But nowadays, it
should be brought to our notice
5 can we do
about it? Here I have a suggestion 6 the air is
seriously polluted.
our bike to school!
we should ride on
8 also help 7 we
can do it will not only have significant benefits
for our health,
9 we will have a better
environment depends on 10 improve our
environment.
ourselves and for nature.
we
can do for
三、语法填空 阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Keeping complaining
can be a hurt in interpersonal relationships.
So,
1 (improve) relationship with
others, you need to be aware of several
sensible ways to complain. To begin with, you need
to be specific. Don’t
say, “Boy, did you act
like 2 fool at the party?” Instead, say,
“You embarrassed me by getting drunk and
telling 3 (offend) jokes to my parents.”
Secondly, stick to the present. Don’t mention old
offences 4
are
from last
month or last year. 5 doing this, you take
away attention from the problem at hand. Moreover,
6
you complain, never add insults. If you
start calling the other person names, that only
7 (create) anger and
hurt any chance of
getting the person to really listen to 8 . A
last point to remember is to complain privately.
Never criticize the other person in front
of friends, parents, children, or anyone else for
that matter. Criticizing in
front of a third
party has the same effect as insults. This shames
the person 9
very likely that the person
will want to attack you orally rather than listen
to you.
助读词汇
sensible adj. 明智的
(criticize) and makes 10
specific
adj. 具体的
insult n. 侮辱
shame vt. 使丢脸
interpersonal relationship 人际关系
offence n.
冒犯
privately adv. 私下地
orally
adv. 口头上
参考答案
考点练透
一、单句填空
1. which 2. why 3. how 4. What
5. that 6. When; where 7. whom(m) 8. what 9. where
10.
whether 11. What 12. that 13. where
14. What; what 15. Whether 16. What; how 17.
whether 18.
Whatever 19. because 20.
where 21. how 22. what 23. That 24. What 25. why
二、语篇填空
1. whether 2. that 3.
that 4. that 5. What 6. that 7. That 8. but 9.
Whether 10. what
三、语法填空
一直抱怨对人际关系是一种损害。对此,本文作者告诉我们如何明智地进行抱怨。
1. to improve 作目的状语用动词不定式。
2. a
不定冠词的基本用法,a 在此意为“一个(笨蛋)”。
3. offensive
形容词修饰名词。offensive 意为“攻击性的、冒犯性的”。
4. which
此处 which 引导定语从句,修饰先行词 old offences,并在从句中作主语。
5. By 分析句子成分可知, 5 doing this
在句中不作主语、宾语或表语,故填介词。根据上下语境,
此处理应是表“通过这么做,你就可以……”,故填介词 By 最合适。注意首字母要大写。
6. when
空后是两个分句,填连接词。根据上下语境和句意可知,此处理应是个时间状语从句,故填
when。
7. will create 常用句型 If sb…, sb.
will …。
8. you 缺少介词宾语填代词,根据上下语境和前面的主语 you
可知此处填宾语 you。
9. being criticized
分析句子成分可知,动词 criticize 在此作非谓语动词。而
criticize 与逻辑主语 the
person
却存在被动关系,故考虑现在分词形式。但根据上下语境和句意可知,此处理应是指“这会使那个正
在被批评的人非常丢脸”才对,故填 being criticized
作后置定语为最佳答案。此题较难。
10. it 此处 it
作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的 that 从句。
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