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名词性从句
主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用
相当于名词,因此这四种从句
统称为名词性从句。
一:名词性从句的引导词
1;连接词:that, if, whether.只起引导作用,在句中不充当任何成分.其中th
at不翻译出来,没有任
何含义;而if和whether翻译成”是否”。Eg: That
this has happened is not uncertain.
We cannot
be sure whether if our dreams will come true.
2:连接代词:who, , whose, which, what, whatever,
whoever, whichever.在句中要充当主语,宾语,
表语.I wonder
what you are thinking about.
Can you imagine
what will happen next?
My hometown is not what
it used to be.
3;连接副词:where, when, how, why,
how soon, how often, how long, how
much.在句中充当相
应的状语.
When he will hold the
meeting has been decided.
This is how Henry
solved the problem.
二:名词性从句的分类与引导词
一):主语从句
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,引导主语从句的词有,that, whether, who,
what, which,
whoever, whichever, whatever,
when, where, how, why等。
Whether we will
succeed is still a question.
Whoever comes to
the party will receive a present.
注:1.
主语从句的主谓一致
1).主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.
That they will come is certain
2).由who,
whoever引导的主语从句的单复数要视从句中的单复数而定. Whoever say that
are
to be punished.
Who he is doesn’t
concern me.
3).What
引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.What he wants are
these books.
What he wants is some water
2. 有时为了平衡句式,常用it 做形式主语,而把从句放在后面.
It is a
pity that she has made such a mistake.
It
depends on the climate whether they are going
shopping today.
It is believed that he is a
talent
二).宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导宾语从句的词有,that, whether, who,
what, which,
whoever, whichever, whatever,
when, where, how, why等。宾语从句一般放在动词,形容词或介
词后。
She has told us (that) she will give us a
hand.
He asked me how I was getting along with
my new classmates.
I’m afraid that I have made
a mistake.
I was interested in what he was
doing.
注:1. 有时要用it 作形式宾语,而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。
1
1
He has made it clear that
he will not give in.
You may depend on it that
they are valuable.
2. 如do you thinkbelievesupp
oseexpectimagine后接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,疑问词
要放在居首。
What do you think is going on outside?
When do you believe he will held the meeting
3. IWe (don’t) thinkbelievesupposeexpectimagin
e后接宾语从句时,反义疑问句要与从句中
的主语和谓语保持一致。
I don’t
suppose he cares, does he?
4.
that引导,通常that可以省略(但that引导其他名词性从句时不可省略)
She has
told us (that) she will give us a hand.
三).表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语,引导表语从句的词有,that,
whether, who, what, which,
whoever, whichever,
whatever, when, where, how,
because等。表语从句一般放在系动词后。
The reason is that I’v e
been too busy these days.
That is where he
spent his childhood.
The coat is where you
left it.
三).同位语从句的概念
在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后,用以说明该名词表
示的具体内容。引导同位语从句的词有,that,
whether, who, what, which, when, where, how,
why等.常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope,
problem, information suggestion, possibility
等名词
后面,用以说明该名词的具体内容。
I heard the news that
our team had won.
We haven’t settled the
question where we will spend our holidays.
The
question who should do the work requires
consideration .
2.有时用namely(即),that is to
say(也就是说),that is (那就是)等引出同位语或同位语从句。
There is
only one way of improving your English , that is ,
to practice more.
He told us the good news,
namely, the museum is open to all.
三:名词性从句的难点和考点
1.语序问题。名词性从句要用陈述语序
The
photographs will show you what our village looks
like
You can hardly imagine how excited he was
when he heard the news
2:引导词that和what的区别
What在从句中要充当主语,宾语或表语,这时what相当于all
thateverything that等常译作
“所…..的(东西,事情,话等)”。而that
只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中不充当任何成
分,that引导主语从句放在居首时不能省略
。
What I can’t understand is why he has
changed his mind.
That the earth is round is
known to us all.
2.引导词if 和whether的区别
if 和w
hether引导动词后的宾语从句时可以通用,但介词后的宾语从句,主语从句,表语从句和
同位语从
句不能用if引导。
I don’t care ifwhether he will come
to my party.
I worry about whether I hurt her
feelings.
Whether she will go home or not is
unknown.
2
The question is
whether we can collect enough money.
3.引导词Who
和whoever的区别
引导名词性从句时,whoever相当于anyone
who或those
who它既是从句的主语又是主句的
主语。而who只做从句的主语,它引导的从句才是主句的主语。
Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl
is worth praising.
Who will be elected the
president doesn’t make much difference to me.
4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容,从句本身是一个完整
的句子,所以其前面的名词在同位
语从句中不作任何成分;而定语从句对它前面的名词加以限制和修饰,
从句本身不完整,因此
其前的名词在定语从句中通常做主语,宾语或表语等成分。
The
news that Mr. Brown will be our new English
teacher is true.
The news that he told me
yesterday is true.
I’ve no idea that Kate has
been to shanghai
The book (that) I bought
yesterday was written by LuXun.
r 与no matter
who ,whatever 与no matter what的区别。Whoever
whatever即可引
导名词性从句也可引导让步状语从句;而No matter what和No
matter who 只引导让步状语
从句。
Whatever(=No matter
what) you may think, I’m going ahead with my
plans.
Whoever(=No matter who) you are, you
can’t pass the way.
Take whatever you need and
leave me alone.
Whoever did this job must be
rewarded.
6.名词性从句中的语气。
1)表示“建议,命令,请求,要求”意义
的动词后接that从句时,从句的谓语动词要用should+动词
原形表虚拟,且should
可以省略。Adviserecommendorderproposesuggest insist
demand
require request (that) sb. (should)
do…
Bob’s doctor suggests that he (should)
rest for a few days.
I suggested that he see a
doctor.
He insisted t hat we arrive there
before 7 o’clock.
2) 在It is important
necessarynaturalstrangeessential…+ that sb.
(should) do…
It is necessary that the problem
should be settled at once.
7.名词性从句的时态
名词性从
句一般要遵循时态一致原则,但虚拟语气例外;即主句用现在时,从句用现在的某种
时态;主句用过去时
,从句也用过去的某种时态。
He said that he didn’t want to
know. I wonder what has happened to her.
名词性从句中考查虚拟语气
1. 考查主语从句中虚拟语气的谓语动词形式
这类形式的虚拟语气通常表示建议、命令、要求、希望、惊讶等语气。
(1) “It is
necessary (importantnaturalstrangesurprising) that
...”句型中,从句的谓语
动词通常使用(should) + 动词原形,例如:
It
is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital
at once. 他有必要被立刻送往医院。
It is strange that she
(should) marry such a poor man. 她竟然嫁给这样一个穷光蛋,真
是太奇怪了。
(2) It is suggested
(desireddecidedorderedrequested proposed) that
...,例如:
It has been decided that the meeting
(should) be put off till next Saturday.
会议决定推迟到下周
3
六举行。
2.
考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)
在某些表示“建议、要求、命令”的动词后的宾语从句中,使用(should) + 动词原形。常见
的这类动词有:一个坚持(insist);两个命令(order、command);三项要求(deman
d、require、
request);四条建议(advise、suggest、propose
、recommend)等。
(2) 动词wish后的宾语从句中,谓语动词有三种形式:对现在的
虚拟,用过去时;对过去的虚拟,
用过去完成时;对将来的虚拟,用would should
+动词原形。
3. 考查表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
某些表示“建议、计划、命令
”的名词(如advice、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion
、
request等)后的同位语从句和表语从句中的谓语动词常用(should) +
动词原形。例如: We all
agreed to his suggestion that
we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.
他建议我们到北京旅游
观光,我们都同意了。
My advice is that he
(should) exercise first. 我的建议是他应该先做练习。
热点3
在其他固定句式中考查虚拟语气
1. 虚拟语气用于“It is (high) time
(that)
...”句型中,that从句中的谓语动词用过去式(be用were)
或should +
动词原形,should不能省略,意为“(现在)该到了……的时候了”。例如: It's high
time
that he went should go to bed.
到了他该上床睡觉的时候了。
2. 虚拟语气用于would rather后的从句中,表达一种愿
望或建议时,用过去式表示现在或将来
的情况,用过去完成式表示过去的情况。例如:
I
would rather you went next Sunday. 我情愿你下周日走。
I
would rather you hadn't done that. 我真希望你没做那件事。
3. 虚拟语气用于as if as though、even if even though
等引导的表语从句或状语从句中,对
现在的虚拟,用过去时;对过去的虚拟,用过去完成时。例如:
The two new-comers talked as if they had known
each other for ages. 那两个新来的人聊天的
样子仿佛他们已经相识多年了。
4. 虚拟语气用于if
only引导的感叹句中,其谓语动词的形式与wish后的宾语从句的谓语动词
形式一样。
热点4 在语境中考查“情态动词+完成时”表达的虚拟语气
情态动词should
ought to would needn't + have
done表示虚拟意义,含有“责备、遗憾、后
悔”的意味。
名词性从句练习
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句,并指出是什么从句:
1. China is no
longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that
the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3. How he persuaded the manager to change the
plan is interesting to us all.
4. The news
that they had won the game soon spread over the
whole school.
5. The news that you told me
yesterday was really disappointing.
6. That is
where Lu Xun used to live.
7 He spoke as if he
understood what he was talking about.
8. Do
you remember the teacher who taught us English at
middle school?
9. I wonder why she refused my
invitation.
4