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高中英语专题(4)名词性从句和定语从句

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2020-10-22 02:54
tags:高中英语名词性从句

瓮的拼音-dancing9

2020年10月22日发(作者:席元禧)


专题(四)名词性从句和定语从句
名词性从句

名词性从句的语法功能:在句中充当名词成分,也就是说做主语, 宾语,表 语, 同位语.于是就形成了主语
从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.
引导名词性从句的引导词可分为三类:
一.引导词本身无词义,在从句中无地位. 这类词只有一个,that
二.词本身有词义但在从句中无地位, 如 :whether , if 和 as if
三. 词本身有词义且在句中有地位. 如:who , whom , whose , what , which , when , where , why , how
例句如下:
1). That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised .
上星期他突然病倒使我们都感到吃惊. ( that 引导主语从句)
2). It doesn't matter so much whether you will come or not .
你是否来关系不太大. ( whether 引导主语从句 , it 作形式主语 )
3). Who will go is not important .
谁要来不重要. (who 引导主语从句 )
4). The question was who could go there .
问题是谁能去那儿. (who 引导表语从句 )
5). He said ( that ) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart .
他说课文非常重要,我们应当背诵下来. ( 两个that 引导 的都是 宾语从句)
6). The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
他什么也没说使大家感到吃惊. ( that 引导同位语从句)
运用名词性从句是应当注意的几个问题:
1. whether 与 if 引导名词性从句是略有区别, if 不能引导主语从句, 不能与 or not 连用,不与不定式连用.
2. 宾语从句应当注意时态的呼应, 主句为与动词时过去时,宾语从句也应当是过去时(过去完成时,过去进行时,
过去将来时)
3.宾语从句否定前移问题: 当主句中有 : I think ( suppose , expect , believe , imagine , guess ) 时.应当否定
这些词,其实就是对后面从句的否定 ,应当注意的是主语必须是 , 其他主语同于一般动词的否定. 如: I
don't think you are right . (我认为你不对.)
I don't believe they will win the game . (我相信他们不会赢得这场比赛.)
She supposed that we couldn't arrive so early . ( 他认为我们不会到到达如此早.)
4. 同位语从句一般用 that 引用,先行词一般为: news , fact , idea , suggestion , promise.当先行词为是可以用其他
引导词. 如:
Everyone knows the fact the earth goes round the sun .( 众所周知地球围绕太阳转.)
I have no idea when he will be back . (我不知道他什么时间回来.)
练习
I. 找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句
1.I don't if I can do it .
2. What he is doing seems very difficult .
3. The important thing is how we can improve our studies .
4. Mr Li always thinks of how he can do more for the people .
5. The news that she was pretending to be sick was whispered from one to another .
6. I was surprised at what he said .
7. That's what you are going to do first .
8. That'll be decided who is the monitor of our class at the class meeting .
9. When the sports meet is to be held is still under discussion .
10. Here comes the news that some foreigners from America will visit our school .
答案:


I can do it 宾语从句
2 What he is doing 主语从句
3 how we can improve our studies 表语从句
4 how he can do more for the people 介词宾语从句
5 that she was pretending to be sick 同位语从句
6 what he said 介词宾语从句
7 what you are going to do first 表语从句
8 who is the monitor of our class at the class meeting宾语从句
9 When the sports meet is to be held 主语从句
10 that some foreigners from America will visit our school 同位语从句
II.把下列各句填入适当的引导词
1.---Could you tell me _____ the man is ?
--- He is my brother.
2. I didn't know _____ he was coming until yesterday .
3.----It's still a question ____ we shall have our sports .
--- It's said we shall have it next week .
4. The news _____ he was chosen made us happy .
5. The doctor asked ____ medicine you have taken .
6. This is _____ they solved the problems in the city .
7._____ our football team will win is uncertain yet .
8. _____ frightened us most was _____ two lights appeared suddenly in the darkness .
9. My mother asked ____ was the matter with me .
10. The reason I didn't come to the meeting was ____ I got ill .
答案: 1. who 2. that r 9. what 10 that
III.翻译下列各句
1. .肯定他将来参加宴会。
2. 决定我们什么时候去北京了吗?
3. 他什么也没说使大家都很奇怪。
4. 无疑问史密斯先生很健康。
5. 很清楚你错了。
6. .这是我们所想要的东西。
7. 我想你对。
8. .我想知道他是否能帮助我。
9. .天气不是昨天那样了。
10. 问题是我们怎么能完成任务。
答案:
is sure that he will come to the party .
it decided when we will go to Beijing ?
fact that he didn't say anything surprised everyone .
is no doubt that Mr Smith is in good health .
is clear that you are wrong .
is what we want .
7.I think you are right .
8. I ' like to know whether you can help me or not .
9. The weather is not what it was yesterday .
10. The problem is how we can finish the task .

形容词从句


形容词从句在句中起形容词作用.形容词的主要功能是作定语,所以,形容词从句又叫定语从句。
定语 从句所修饰的词叫做先行词,定语从句必须有引导词引导,先行词一定与引导词有关系,引导词应能代替先
行词,在从句中做成分,因此,形容词从句又叫关系从句.
形容词从句中的引导词尤为 重要。一是引导从句,作为从句的重要标志;二是代替先行词;三是在从句
中充当成分。
由在从句中的地位划分,引导词可分为三类: 一. 主语,宾语引导词. 如: who , whom , what , that , which , as 二 .
状语引导词. 如: where , when , why 三 .定语引导词. 如: whose
例如: 1). She is the girl who sings best of all . 她是所有人唱歌最好的那个小女孩.
引导词who 代替先行词 the girl , 在定语从句中作主语.
2). Please pass me the notebook whose cover is red . 给我书皮是红色的那本书.
引导词 whose 代替先行词 the notebook , 在从句中作定语 .
3). A steel plant is a place where steel is made . 钢厂是生产钢的地方.
引导词 where 与先行词 the place 有关系,相当于 in the place , 在句中作状语,可以理解为: steel is made in
the place .
4). As everyone knows , he is honest . 众所周知,她很诚实.
引导词 as 代替先行词 he is honest (先行词为一句话), 在定语从句中作know的宾语.
需要注意的几个问题:
1. 先行词为人时,引导词用 who ,whom whose 即可代替人又可代替物that 即可指人又可指物
which 指物或整句前面常有such 或the same.
例如: 1). I won't tell them the news , which will make them sad . 我不愿意告诉他们那个消息,会使他们悲伤的.
( which 指物 )
2). Bamboo is hollow , which makes them very light . 竹子是 空 的,这会使他们轻. ( which代替整句话: bamboo
is hollow )
3). He must be from Africa , as can he seen from skin . 从皮肤上看,他一定来自于非洲.( as 指全句: he must be
from Africa )
4). Li Hua was one of the girls who have the chances .李华是那些有机会的小女孩之一.( who 指人 )
5). That is the boy whose father died three years ago . 那就是三年前他爸爸死的那个小男孩.(whose 指人 ,相当于:
the boy's )
6). Do you have a bottle whose lid is red ? 你有瓶盖是红色的瓶子吗? ( whose 指物 )
2. that 和 which 都能指物, 指物是可以互换, that 也能指人 .但下列情况必须用that.
1)先行词为 all , anything , everything , nothing , something 等不定代词.
2)先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰.
3)先行词被the only , the very , the same , the last 等词修饰.
4) 先行词既有人也有物.
5) 以who 开头的疑问句
例如:
I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off onto the floor .
我看到了所有桌子上的杯子掉到了地板上.
The parks are the clearest parks that you can imagine .
这些公园是你能想象的最干净的公园.
Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe .
玉米并不是被传往欧洲的唯一食物.
They talked about things and persons that they remembered .
他们谈起所记起的人和事.
以下情况时能用which
1) 前面紧接介词时.
2) 引导非限定从句时
例如:


This is the book about which we are talking now .
这是我们正谈的那本书.
Tom studies hard and is ready to help others , which his parents expect.
汤姆努力学习并乐于助人,这正是他父母所盼望的.
练习题
I.填入适当的引导词
1. Please pass me the notebook ____ cover is yellow .
2. Li Hua was one of the girls ____ have the chance to go abroad.
must be form Africa , ____ can be seen from his skin .
4. Air ,___ we breathe every day , is around us all the time .
5. 1949 was the year ____ the New China was born .
6.I don't know the reason ____ she looks unhappy today .
7. This is the village _____ my father worked three years ago .
8.I still remember the day ____ the old scientist took us to the lab for the first time .
letter ______ I received yesterday is from my sister .
woman _____ you saw in the park is our geography teacher .
答案: 1. whose
II.合并各组句子
1. The factory is a small one .
The factory stands near the river .
2. Have you answered the letter ?
You got that letter two weeks ago .
3. I'll never forget the day .
On that day I joined the League .
are not allowed to do so .
Tell me the reason .
5. The boy student is very young .
He won the game .
6. The town has become a famous city .
He grew up in the town .
7. I spend my childhood in Suzhou .
I have never been there again since I left .
8. He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter .
He has not seen the girl for years .
9. Do you know the man ?
His son is a famous scientist.
10. My uncle bought the bicycle last week .
The bicycle has been stolen .
答案:
factory which is a small one stands near the river .
2. Have you answered the letter that you received two weeks ago ?
3. I'll never forget the day when I joined the League .
4. Tell me the reason why we are not allowed to do so.
5. The boy who won the game is very young .
town in which he grew up has become a famous city .
7.I I have never been in Suzhou again since I left , where I spent my childhood.
is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter whom he has not seen for years .
you know the man whose son is a famous scientist?


10. The bicycle which my uncle bought last week has been stolen .
III .改错
1. The story happened in November on which the weather was very cold .
2. Stella is one of the engineers who is fit for the task .
3. Even at that moment he didn't come to our help , who made us disappointed .
Williams has two sons , both of whom looks like him .
we passed the place which the dead boy lay , each of us saluted.
答案: 改为 in 2. is 改为are 改为 which 改为 look 改为 where

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