2020年高考必考点专题14名词性从句精讲深剖英语 解析版

It’s a shame that he has made such a mistake.
I will do what I can (do) to help him.
(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连接词that 只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词
that在句中作宾语或主语， 与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用
which。同位语从句 一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，
fact，sugg estion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而 定语从句只是对先行词的
限定和修饰。
They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)
The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句)
that引导名词性从句时本 身无意义，只起连接作用，也不在句中作任何成分。它引导的名词性从句结
构和意义都完整，往往用于陈 述事实。引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不能省略。引导宾
语从句时，在口语和非正 式文体中，that可省略。但下列情况下，that不可省略：
【考题印证】
单据语法填空与单句改错
1．(2016·江苏高考改编)It is often the case________ anything is possible for those who hang on
to hope.
【答案】that
【解析】句意：通常情况 下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。空处引导主语从句，从句中不
缺少任何成分且意思完整 ，故使用that引导。
2．(2016·天津高考改编)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.
There is too much work to do.
【答案】that
【解析】句意：经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。工作太多了 。分析句子结构可知，空处引导
同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，故填that 。
3．(2016·北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is________ one can be entirely
free from dust.
【答案】that
【解析】句意：雨季最令人 高兴的事情就是人们可以完全远离灰尘。分析句子结构可知，本句包含一个表
语从句，且表语从句中句子 结构完整，故使用that引导表语从句，that在表语从句中不作句子成分，只起
连接作用。
4.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his
parents
________________
were missing.

【答案】where改为that或去掉where
【解析】found后 是一个宾语从句，不缺少句子成分且句意完整，所以不能用where，应该用that引导，
that 也可省略。

二、that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语的四大句式
1．It＋be＋形容词(necessary, right, likely, unlikely, wrong, important, certain, clear,
obvious, strange, normal等)＋that从句
It isn't likely that I should accept such an offer as that.
我不可能接受像那样的帮助。
2．It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder
等)＋that从句
It's no wonder that he didn't want to go.难怪他不想去。
3．It＋be＋过去分词(said, told, heard, reported, decided, suggested, advised, ordered,
remembered, thought, considered, well?known, announced等)＋that从句
It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一已经
定下来了。
[特别注意] 在“It＋b e＋suggestedadvisedorderedrequestedinsistedrequired ...＋that从
句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English.建议你花更多的时间
学习英语。
4．It＋特殊动词或短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference
等)＋that从句
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。
【考题印证】
(2018·浙江11月高考)It is possible ________ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans,
too.
【答案】that
【解析】it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语。
三、whether与if的用法
1．用whether或if均可的情况
(1)whether可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可。
(2)it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。
It's uncertain whetherif he'll come this evening.

他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。
2．用whether而不用if的情况
(1)主语从句和宾语从句置于句首时；
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by
the government about water pollution.我们能否有干净的饮用水取决于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处
理水污染问题。
(2)引导表语从句和同位语从句时；
The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.问题是空气污染能否被控制住。
He asked me the question whether we should give money to the homeless.他问了我我们是否该
给无家可归者钱的问题。
(3)引导介词的宾语从句时；
It depends on whether we have enough time.
这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。
(4)引导词与or not连用时；
I don't know whether or not the report is true.
＝I don't know whether the report is true or not.
我不知道这个报道是否是真的。
(5)引导词后接to do时；
They don't know whether to go there.
他们不知道是否去那里。
(6)有些动词如leave, put, discuss, decide等后的宾语从句；
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.
我们讨论了我们是否应召开一个会议。
(7)避免用if引导产生歧义。
Let me know whether you are coming to our party.
让我知道你是否来参加我们的宴会。
【考题印证】
(2017·天津高考改编)She asked me________ I had returned the books to the library, and I
admitted that I hadn't .
【答案】whetherif
【解析】句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认说我还没有还。分析句子结构可知，空格处引
导宾语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用；又根据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故用
whether或if引导宾语从句。

四、连接代词引导的名词性从句
1.连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等不但起连接作用，也在 从句中作名词或代词所作的成分，
如主语、表语、宾语、定语等。缺少连接代词，从句不完整。
What worries us most is who let out the secret.
最令我们担忧的是谁泄漏了秘密。
2．连接副词引导的名词性从句
连接副词when, where, why, how等不但起连接作用，也在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式
等。
He didn't tell me when we would meet again.
他没告诉我什么时候我们再见面。
Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.
去把你的大衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。
I have no idea how I can express myself clearly in English.
我不知道如何用英语清楚地表达自己。
That's why I want you to work there.
那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
3．“疑问词＋?ever”引导的名词性从句
“疑问词＋?ever”引导名词性从句时，有词意，并且在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
无论谁触犯法律都应该受到惩罚。
Wherever children go makes their parents worry.
孩子们无论去哪儿父母都担心。
[名师指津] “疑问词＋?ever”还可以引导让步状语从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语
从句，不能用来引导名词性从句。
Whatever (＝ No matter what) you do, you must do it well.
无论你做什么，都必须做好。
【考题印证】
单句语法填空
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to ________ I live.
【答案】where

【解析】分析句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从 句，宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。
2.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick
the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
【答案】how
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处是一个宾语从句。空格后的thic k为形容词，因此空格处应用副词，
故填how。
3.(2014·广东高考)I didn't understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already
been charged for the reservation.
【答案】why
【解析】根据语境可知，“我”不 知道不明白为什么会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why
引导。
4．(2018·北京高考改编)This is ________ my father has taught me — to always face difficulties
and hope for the best.
【答案】what
【解析】 句意：这就是父 亲教给我的——永远面对困难并且寄予最大的希望。表语从句中动词taught缺
少直接宾语， 且表示“……的东西”，故填what。


考点精讲
“2招”妙解语法填空题


1．根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根 据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。一旦判断是名词性
从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确 定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，
用连接代词；若缺少状语就用连接副词。
【思路点拨】
1．Make the most of your strengths, and you can be successful regardless of which type you
fall into and_ _fast or slowly you walk.
【答案】how
【解析】考查副词性连词引导的宾语从句。本句中and连接两个并列的句子 做介词of的宾语。and后面的
句子不缺成分且需要修饰副词fast，需用how。句意：充分发挥 你的优势，你就可以成功，不管你是属于
哪种类型的和你的速度有多慢。
2．It is is written on the signs inside the bus that has people talking.

【答案】what
【解析】考查代词性连 词引导的主语从句。本句整体是个强调句式，强调的是个主语从句。第二个is
前缺少主语，需用代词性 连词。有根据句意“就是写在公交车内部的标语让人们讨论不休的”，故填
what。
3．They never get angry and are always kind to the students. That's the children can
always get on well with their robot teachers.
【答案】why
【解析】考查副词性连词引导的表语从句。根据横线后是表语从句且不缺少成 分可知需用副词性连
词；又根据句意“他们从不生气，对学生总是很好。那就是为什么孩子们总能和他们 的机器人老师相处得
很好。”可知空格处填why。
4． surprised us most was that her works of art soon became famous and were on display
in the British Museum.
【答案】What
【解析】考查代词性连词引导的主语从 句。surprised前缺少主语，再根据句意“最令我们惊讶的是，
她的艺术品很快出名，并在大英 博物馆展出。”可知填What。
5．Be sure to be with a strong awareness that you are you eat!
【答案】what
【解析】考查代词性连词引导的表语从句。根据空格后的eat缺少宾语可 知空格处需用代词；再根据
句意“一定要对你吃的东西有一个强烈的意识！”可知空格处填what。
6．My friend Julia brought out all her dresses and told me to take suited me best.
【答案】whichever
【解析】考查代词性连词引导的宾语从句。根据take是及物 动词可知其后面是个宾语从句；又根据
suited 前缺少主语可知空格处需用代词性连词；再根据句 意“我的朋友朱莉娅把她所有的衣服都拿出
来，叫我穿最适合我的任何一件衣服。”可知填whiche ver。
7．From them, the West learns is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui.
【答案】what
【解析】考查代词性连词引导的宾语从句。本句中is前缺少主语；又根据 句意“从他们那里，西方学
到的是中国人独有的东西，例如风水。”可知填what。
8． comes here to have the meeting will be treated to a wonderful dinner.
【答案】Whoever
【解析】考查代词性 连词引导的主语从句。本句中comes前缺少主语；又根据句意“来参加会议的人
都将享受一顿丰盛的 晚餐。”可知填Whoever。
9．Wondering it was, Terry, a newcomer to this city, went to the door and opened it

impatiently.
【答案】who
【解析】考查代词性连词引导的宾语从句。空格后的句子缺少表语，又根据句意“泰瑞，一个来第一次来到这座城市的人想知道他是谁，他急切地走到门口，把门打开了。”可知填who。

2．如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whetherif; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用
that。
【思路点拨】
10．I wonder first of all what they want, and then wonder _they are so eager to accept
advice themselves.
【答案】ifwhether
【解析】考查副词性连词引导的宾 语从句。动词wonder后的句子是宾语从句，根据此宾语从句中不缺
少成分可知空格处需用副词性连 词。又根据句意“我首先想知道他们想要什么，然后想知道他们自己是否
渴望接受建议。”可知填ifw hether。
11．It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
【答案】that
【解析】考查主语从句。本句中it 是形式主语，空格后是 真正的主语且是个句子，这个句子不缺少成
分。句意：我从来没有想到过你可以说服他改变主意。It occurred to sb that某人突然想到。故填that。
12．There is no doubt it is of great help to their study and future life.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。There is no doubt that…毫无疑问……是固定句式，故填that。
“3招”妙解短文改错题
1．检查连接词是否误用： 尤其注意容易混淆的that与what, that与which, which与what, if与
whether;
【思路点拨】
1．I have the confidence what you can learn how to make Chinese knots.
【答案】what改为that
【解析】考查同位语语从句。根据句意“我有信心你能学到如 何做中国结。”可知confidence后面的
句子是同位语从句，且本从句意思完整且不缺少成分， 故把what改为that。
2．Above all, I wonder that it is convenient for you to inform me of the specific schedule
in advance.
【答案】that改为whetherif
【解析】考查宾语从句。动词wonder后面是 宾语从句，再根据句意“最重要的是，我不知道你是否方

便提前通知我具体的时间表。” 可知本句需要用“whetherif”表示“是否”，而that引导宾语从句没有
实际意义，故把t hat改为whetherif。
3．How I do every day is to listen to lectures, take notes and do my homework, which seems
to be endless.
【答案】How改为what
【解析】考查代词性连词引导的主语从句。is前面的句子是主语从句，且do缺少宾语可知需用代词性
连词，又根据句意“我每天所做的就是听讲座，记笔记，做作业，这似乎是没完没了的。”故把How改 为
what。

4．I also feel grateful to my dad just because of which he has been doing for me ever since.
【答案】which改为what
【解析】 考查代词性连词引导的宾语从句。介词of后面的句子是宾语从句，根据句意“我也很感激我
的爸爸，因 为他从那时起就一直在为我做的事。”可知把which改为what。
5．Whenever I want to see it, that I must do is to close my eyes, and it will appear in front
of me.
【答案】that改为what
【解析】考查代词性连词引导的主语从句。is前面是主语从 句，而且that引导主语从句没有实际意义，
不能引导本从句，故把that改为what。句意：每 当我想看它的时候，我必须做的就是闭上眼睛，它就会出
现在我面前。
2．检查连接词是否漏掉或多余，以及使用连接代词时从句中是否存在多余的句子成分；
【思路点拨】
6．The police told him what it had happened: his car had been on a private parking lot and
had been taken away by the police.
【答案】去掉it
【解析】考查宾语从句。由tell sb sth 结构可知“what it had happened”是个宾语从句，what是
主语，故it多余。
7．To make matters worse, I had to share a double room with someone I did not know, despite
the fact I had paid for a single room.
_
【答案】fact后加that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句意“更糟糕的是，我不得不 和一个我不认识的人共用一间双人房，
尽管我已经为一间单人房付了钱。”可知the fact 后面 跟的是同位语从句。而同位语从句中引导词是不能

省略的，故在fact后加that。
8．As the College Entrance Examinations will be held in June, the students should make full
use of time to review that what they have learned.
【答案】去掉that
【解析】考查宾语从句。review后面是宾语从句，只能用一个引 导词，而此引导词在此从句中做主
语，故把that去掉。
3．检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确。
【思路点拨】
9．How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on what he goes with, whether his
friends or relatives.
【答案】what改为who
【解析】考查宾从句。介词on后面是宾语从句，在根据句意“ 一个人享受旅行的乐趣在很大程度上取
决于他跟谁一起，无论是朋友还是亲戚。”可知把what改为w ho。
10．I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is that he never finishes anything.
【答案】that改为why
【解析】考查表语从句。根据句意“恐怕与其说他是一个实干家 ，不如说他是个空谈者，那就是为什
么他从来没有完成过任何事情。”可知把that改为why。




一．单句语法填空
1．(2019·河北保定、唐山联考)I asked him ____________his father had done so that he became such
a good person.
【答案】what
【解析】句意：我问他他的父亲做了什么，使他成为一个 如此好的人。设空处引导宾语从句，作asked的
宾语，从句中缺少had done的宾语，指“什么”，因此用what引导该从句。
2．(2019·福建安溪模拟)Success partially depends on ____________you have the patience to do simple
things perfectly.
【答案】whether
【解析】句意： 成功部分取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。设空处引导宾语从句，作介词on的

宾语，意为“是否”，故填whether。
3．(2019·山东师大附中模拟)My first task was to decide where to go and ____________to get there.
【答案】how
【解析】句意： 我的第一项任务是决定去哪里及如何到达那里。根据常识可知设空处表示“如何”，故填
how。
4．(2019·山东泰安期中)Students can choose __________they want to do and register online.
【答案】whatwhatever
【解析】句意：学生们可以选择他们想做的(任何) 事情并在网上注册。“____________they want to do”
为宾语从句，该从句缺少宾语，故填what或whatever。

5．(2019·湖南岳阳一中检测)Mr. White is opposed to repairing the old building, and that’s
____________I don’t agree.
【答案】where
【解析】句意：怀特先生反对维修那座旧建筑，而那正是我不同意的地方。设空处引导表语从句，从句中
agree 是不及物动词，其后不能直接接名词作宾语。故填where在从句中作状语。
6．(2019·福建福州模拟)The problem is ____________one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra
hour of achievement.
【答案】that
【解析】句意：问 题是少睡一小时不等同于额外的一小时的成就。分析句子结构可知，is后为表语从句，
从句的结构和句 意完整，故填that。
7．(2019·山东临沂重点中学联考)Twenty?five years later the traveler returned to the same
place.____________he saw amazed him. He could not believe his own eyes.
【答案】What
【解析】句意 ：25年后，这位旅行者回到了同一个地方。他所看到的使他震惊。他不敢相信自己的眼睛。
设空处引导 主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示事物，所以用What。
8．(2019·福建龙岩五校期中)Therefore, it is advisable ____________you should value and treat them
with care.
【答案】that
【解析】句意：因此人们建议你应该珍惜、谨慎对待它们。“____________you should value and treat them
with care”为主语从句，该从句不缺任何成分，故用that引导。

9．(2019·福建福州三中期中)They would appreciate it, to be frank，____________the goods could
be delivered as soon as possible.
【答案】if
【解析】句意：坦白地说，如果货物能够尽快被运送，他们将会非常感激。would appreciate it if...表
示“如果……将不胜感激”，it作形式宾语，if引导的是真正的宾语从句。
10.．(2019·厦门一中高三模拟)His success in digital field proved ________ it took to be a best
CEO．
【答案】what
【解析】句意：他在数字领域的成功证明了要想成为 最好的CEO所需要的条件。proved后接宾语从句。因
为从句中took缺宾语，且该宾语意为“ ……的事物(东西)”，填what。
11．(2019·河北省保定市月考)Built over 2,200 years ago in ________ is now Sichuan Province
in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today．
【答案】what
【解析】句意：2,200多年前在现在的中国西南部的四川省，建造的这 个惊人的工程至今仍在使用。what
引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，同时在宾语从句中作主语。
12.(2019·广东省五校高三联考)In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is ________
you don't speak at all．
【答案】when
【解析】句意：在日本，人们 公认最好的交流是当你什么也不说时。根据语境可知，此处填when引导表语
从句。
二．单句改错
1．(2019·海南海口调研)As students，which we can repay our mothers is to spare no effort to study
hard. ____________________
【答案】which改为what
【解析】句意：which→what 解析：分析句子结构可知，逗号后至is前的部分为主语从句， 引导词在从
句中作repay的宾语，指“什么”，应用what引导。故将which改为what。
2．(2019·唐山模拟)It’s a great pity what we won’t be able to finish the task on time.
___________
【答案】what改为that
【解析】句意：It作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。
3．(2019·吉林长春监测 )That is known to us that respect for one’s parents is one of Chinese

traditional
____________________
【答案】That→It
moral values.
【解析】句意：It is known to us that...为固定句式，表示“我们都知道 ，众所周知”，其中It为形
式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语，故将That改为It。
4．(2019·江苏质检)The hope he may recover is not gone yet．__________
【答案】hope后加that
【解析】本句中含有同位语从句，其中连接词that不能省略。故在hope后加that。