高考英语专题训练之-名词性从句

2019高考英语专题训练之
专题八 名词性从句

名词性从句：
根据句子的结构可分为：① 简单句——一主一谓
②并列句——由等立连词and， but， so， for把两个（以上）的简单句连在一起构成。
③复合句——一个主句+从句（一个或以上）构成。
定义
根据从句在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
名词性从句
包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。
总述
1.
主语从句
——在句中作主语，可用it作形式主语
e.g. What you said sounds reasonable.
It is well knownreportedthoughtsaid…
It is naturalsurprisingnecessarycertaintrueclear…
It is a pitya shamean honourno surpriseno wonder…
It doesn’t matter whether…
It seemsappears that… It happens that…碰巧
2.
表语从句
-----位于系动词之后，表语从句还可用as ifas thoughbecausewhy引导
e.g. The question is who can complete the difficult task.
３．
同位语从句-----跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。名词主要有：fact， news（word），
promise， idea， truth， thought， suggestion， hope， proposal， doubt等。一般用that引导，不
省略，不用which..也可用whether (不用if)， who， what， which， when， where， how ， why
e.g. The news that our team has won the match is true.
4．
宾语从句

1）作及物动词或介词的宾语（it可作形式宾语；注意whether和if区别）
2)直接引语和间接引语
I doubt whetherif he will keep his word. I don’t doubt that our team will win.
一．引导词
1.从属连词有that， whether， if。它们只起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分
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2.连接代词有who， whom， whose， what， which， whatever， whoever， whichever等。它们在
从句中起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、宾补或定语。
3．连接副词有when， where， why， how 等，它们既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语。
how many(much， far， long， often， soon)等引导主语、宾语、表语从句
二．语序： 名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序
When he will arrive is not known.
I don't know how I can get through the exam.
三．时态
1．在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，其从句的谓语根据各种需要用各种时态
Mary is very diligent. Mary was very diligent.
Mary is reading English. Tom said Mary was reading English.
Tom says Mary will give us a talk. Mary would give us a talk.
Mary has been caught in the rain. Mary had been caught in the rain.
但是，宾语从句表示事实、格言、谚语等，从句的时态仍用一般现在时。
2．在主语从句、表语从句或 同位语从句中，也要注意主从句的谓语动词要一致，关键要注意动作发
生的先后。
Who will win the first prize in the contest is not known to us.
Have you any idea why he was so rude?
四、语气
1．只要表示“命令、建议、要求”的各类名词性从句，都要用虚拟语气 should + 动词原形，should 可
以省略。
五．宾语从句否定词的转移
六、 if和whether表“是否”，一般情况下可以通用，下列情况下不可通用。
1．主语从句句首 2．表语从句 3．介词之后
4．不定式之前 5．紧跟or not 6. 同位语从句
7. 宾语从句前移Whether she will win the game， I’m not sure.
七．that和what
that不充当任何成分，what可以在从 句中充当成分：主语、宾语、表语。that在宾语从句中可以省略。
下面几种情况不可以省略：
1．主语从句 2. 表语从句
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3. 同位语从句
Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects.
4. it作形式宾语，that 引导的真正宾语从句
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
5. 两个或多个并列的that引导的宾语从句，只有第一个that可省
Mr. smith told the workers (that) John had worked very hard and that he wanted him stay.
八．1． Whoever=anyone who， whichever， whatever=anything that = 名词代词+（相关的）连
接代词
He gave whoever came to the door a smile. = He gave any person who came to the door a smile.
比较：He asked me who broke the glass.
He asked me whoever broke the glass.
Whoever goes against law shall be punished.
Who goes against law shall be punished.
2．wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别
wh- ever可引导名词性从句，让步状语从句；no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句
Whatever I said， he wouldn’t listen to me.
==No matter what I said， he wouldn’t listen to me.
He would believe whatever I said.
九．同位语从句的that和定语从句的that的区别
1. The news that our team had won made us very happy.
同位语从句，that在抽象名次之后，对其作补充说明，在从句中不充当成分，不可省
2. The news (that) he brought us made us very happy.
定语从句，that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语可省。
名词性从句考点归纳
一、名词性从句的语序：陈述语序
(1) that 和whetherif引导的从句
She sensed something.
A tall man in a dark coat was staring at her
She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.
She wondered.
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Would the buses still be running?
She wondered ifwhether the buses would still be running.
2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。
他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。
How was he successful is still a puzzle.
How he was successful is still a puzzle.
你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？
Could you tell me where he lives?
Could you tell me where does he live?
1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分
1). That he will succeed is certain.
2) Whether he will go there is not known.
3) What he said is not true.
4) Where he hid the money is to be found out.
5) Whoever comes is welcome.
6) It’s certain that he will succeed.
7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.
8) When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet.
由 that 引导:
1. That we shall be late is certain.
2. _____________________ is known to all. (地球是圆的)
3. ________________________ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会)
Keys
2. That the earth is round
3. That you missed the chance
考点一:主语从句后置!
为了避免主语冗长，句子头重脚轻，经常用it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。
例:
That we shall be late is certain.
-- It’s certain that we shall be late.
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1. That the earth is round is known to all.
2. That you missed the chance is a pity.
由连词 whether 和 if， 连接代词 what， who， which 和连接副词 when， where， why， how 等
引导.也常常后置:
It doesn’t matter ifwhether he is a foreigner.
It is a question whether he is willing to come.
It is unknown how she has reduced her weight in such a short time
It 的用法： （形式主语）
It’ possibleimportantnecessaryclear… that……很可能重要的是…必要的是…很清楚…
It’s said reported… that..据说据报道…
It’s been announceddeclared that..已经通知宣布…
It seemsappearshappens.. that…显然、明显、 碰巧..
It’s no wonder that…并不奇怪无疑…
It’s a pitya fact a common knowledge (众所周知）
a common saying….（俗话说）
It is well known reported thoughtsaid… that…
It is clear necessary certain truedoubtful…that…
It is a pitya shamean honour that…
It doesn’t matter whether…
It seems that…
It happens that…
考点二 注意：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数
What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定
What he needs _is_ that book?
What he needs _are_ some book?
宾语从句：1.从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词，不定式等非谓语动词的
宾语）
连词：that， whether， if （that 常可省略） who， what， which， whoever， whatever， when，
where， why， how
1). They know that the habit will kill them.
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2).It all depends on whether they will support us.
3) I am afraid that he didn’t call me.
4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job.
5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.
用if 或whether 填空
1. I don’t know _______ I’ll be free tomorrow.
2. I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow.
3. The question is ______ this book is worth writing.
4. It depends on ______ we will have enough money.
5. ______ they can do it matters little to us.
6._______ you are not free tomorrow， I’ll go without you
2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.
eg: We must make it clear that we mean what we say.
I don’t think it right that you leave home without telling your parents.
b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中，第二个that 不省略.
eg: He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.
宾语从句的时态呼应
1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时，从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.
a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.
He believes _________________________ .
b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.
Please tell me _________________________.
2. 如果主句谓语是过去时，从句谓语动词一般用过去的
某种时态，但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规
律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。
1). 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。
He told me ______________________ .
2). 他说他已离开家乡十年了。
He told me ______________________.
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3). 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。
The teacher tell us ______________________
3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。
连接词：that whether as if as though（ if 不引导表语从句)
连接代词：who whom whose which what
连接副词：when where why how because
The question is whether we can rely on him.
That’s because we were in need of money at that time.
He looked as if he was going to cry.
That’s why I was late.
because， as if 也可引导表语从句:
1. He is absent today. It’s ________ he is seriously ill.
2. It looks ________ it’s going to rain again.
True or False:
Her suggestion is that we will do it by turns.
Her suggestion is that we do it by turns.
4. 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea， belief， fact ； truth，
problem， news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.
同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when wherewhy how whether
1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her
happiness.
三、同位语从句的引导和辨别
1.同位语从句的格式：n.+ 连接词 + 从句
2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea， news， information， order， belief， suggestion， advice
等
3.连接词通常是that，也可根据含义选用whether， what， when， where 等来引导同位语从句。
选词填空that whether where how
1. I have no idea _________ he comes from.
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2. He can’t answer the question ________ he got the money.
3. He gave us many suggestions ________ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.
4. I have no doubt ________ he will win.
5. I have some doubt ________ he will win.
真题典例
1．[2019?重庆卷] ________struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.
A．That B．It C．What D．Which
2．[2019?山东卷] It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.
A. what B．whose C．which D．that
3．[2019?陕西卷] It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into
practice.
A．that B．which C．what D．whether
4．[2019?四川卷] ________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
A. When B．How C．What D．That
5．[2019?北京卷] Experts believe ________ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is
necessary.
A. why B．where C．that D．what
6．[2019?江西卷] ________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A. Whoever B．Whatever C．Whichever D．Wherever
7．[2019?浙江卷] The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better
than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how B．that C．which D．whether
8．[2019?新课标全国卷Ⅰ] Police have found _______ appears to be the lost ancient statue.
A. which B．where C．how D．what
9．[2019?安徽卷] From space， the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventy?one percent of its
surface is covered by water.
A．why B．how C．because D．whether
10．[2019?湖南卷] Do not let any failures discourage you， for you can never tell ________ close you may
be to victory.
A. how B．that C．which D．where
新题预测
1. It has been proved________ several new kinds of medicine have a positive effect on the cure of H7N9.
A．which B．if C．that D．because
2. What the doctors really doubt is________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A．when B．if C．whether D．what
3. The fact has worried many scientists________ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
A．which B．that C．as D．what
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4．It's no longer a question now________ man can land on the moon.
A. that B．which C．whether D．what
5．________Mo Yan had been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize for Literature made us very proud.
A．As B．That C．Which D．What
6．The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for________he could find about Mark
Twain.
A. wherever B．However C．whatever D．whichever
7．News got around quickly________ a gunman went on a shooting rampage at a movie theatre in Aurora，
Colorado.
A. which B．what C．that D．when
8．Romney was asked________he would ensure equal pay for women.
A. that B．where C．what D．how
9．He stared at the empty bottle for a while， feeling happy that he had sent the butterfly back ________
it belonged—nature.
A. to which B．that C．which D．to where
10．After five hours' drive， they reached________they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.
A. where B．what C．which D．that
课后练习
've just heard a warning on the radio ________ a typhoon may be on its way.
A. what B. When C. which D. that
2.—Many online games are full of violence， which do harm to the development of the children.
—And that's ________ my concern lies.
A. what B. Which C. where D. that
3. ________ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.
A. If B. Whether C. Even if D. No matter when
4. “I think we need to pay more attention to the artistic and cultural work that goes on in every
neighbourhood in this city，” Ms Martin said. “We are part of ________ makes New York unique.”
A. what B. That C. which D. it
5. We're excited to learn the news ________ Li Hua has been admitted to Tsinghua University.
A. what B. Which C. that D. as
6. ________ he told us is the news ________ China got 32 gold medals in the Athens Olympic Games，
________， of course， made us feel very excited.
A. What； which； which B. That； that； which
C. What； that； which D. That； that； what
7. It remains to be seen ________ he will solve the problem or not.
A. that B. What C. which D. whether
8.—Mum， I don't think I am qualified enough to do this.
—Honey， be confident！ You should know it is ________ a man thinks of himself ________ really
determines his fate.
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A. that； that B. how； that C. what； that D. how； how
9. His shop was so well managed that he sold in just 5 months ________ his competitor sold in a year.
A. how B. What C. whether D. why
10. We have dresses of various styles and patterns on sale and you may take ________ suits you best.
A. whatever B. Whichever C. no matter what D. no matter which
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