仙木-lineup
名词性从句知识要点及语法填空考点
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从
句构成的句子叫复合句。名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用,
它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、
同位语从句四大类,在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同
位语。
引导名词性从句的关联词
A.that
连词that本身没有意义,在从句中不担任任何句子成分,在宾语从句中有时可省略。
I
hear (that) he has joined the football club.
我听说他已经加入了足球俱乐部。
That light travels in
straight line is known to all. 众所周知,光是以直线传播的。
B.whether和if
连词whether和if本身有意义(解释是否),在从句中不可省略。
1.whether可以连接所有的名词性从句,而if只能引导宾语从句。
I didn't
know whether he would attend the concert.
我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。(宾语从句,可用
if代替whether)
The
question is whether it s worth trying.
问题是值不值得试一试。(表语从句,不可用if代替whether)
Whether she
comes or not makes no difference.
她来不来都没有关系。(主语从句,不可用if代替
whether)
He must
answer the question whether he agrees to it or
not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问
题。(同位语从句,不可用if代替whether)
2.whether引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语,而if则不能。
It all
depends on whether they will support us.
这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。(不用if)
Ryan was worrying
about whether he had hurt her feelings.
瑞恩担心是否伤害了她的感情。
3.if既可引导语从句,也可引导宾语从句。如果用if会引起歧义,应避免使用if,而用whether。
Please let me know if you want to join us.
请告诉我你是否想加入我们。(if表示是否)
Please let me know if
you want to join us. 如果你想加入我们的话,请告诉我一声。(if表示如果)
Please let me know whether you want t join
us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。(为避免引起歧义,用
whether)
C.who, whom, whose, what, which
连接代词who,
whom, whose, what,
which等在从句中既起连接作用,同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、
1
表语等成分。
No one knows who he was
waiting for. 没人知道他当时在等谁。
We are worrying
about what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。
Tell me whose house it is. 告诉我这是谁的家。
Let me know which train you will be arriving on.
告诉我你将乘哪列火车到达。
D.where, when, how, why
连接副词where, when, how, why等在从句中既是连接词,又作状语。
I
don't know where we are going to have the
meeting.我不知道我们将在哪儿开会。
She always thinks of
how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
What I
am anxious to know is when we can visit the
museum. 我急于知道我们什么时候能参观博物
馆。
比较:
when引导的时间状语从句和名词性从句中的不同时态。
Please let me
know when you arrive.
你到的时候,请告诉我一声。(when引导时间状语从句,从句
中用一般现在时来表示将来。)
Please let me know when you will arrive.
请告诉我你什么时候到。(when引导宾语从句,从句中用一
般将来时。)
E.whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whosever
连接代词whoever = anyone who任何人, 无论谁;whatever
=anything that凡是...,无论什么;
whichever = anything
that无论那一个, 任何一个;whomever = anyone whom
(whoever的宾格形式)。
Whoever comes to the club
is welcome. 不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。
Whatever is
worth doing at all is worth doing
well.凡是值得做的就值得做好。
They ate whatever they
could find o the deserted island. 他们在荒岛找到什么就吃什么。
You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
I'll take whichever book interests
me.我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。
Whosever book is overdue
will be fined. 不管谁的书过期未还都要被罚款。
比较:
连接代词whoever在宾语从句中作主语,whomever作宾语从句中宾语。
You
may offer he book to whoever wants it. 你可把这本书给任何想要
的人。(此句中不能使用
whomever,因为whoever在宾语从句中作wants
it的主语)
You may offer the book to whomever
you like.你可把这本书给任何你喜欢的人。(whomever在宾语从
2
句中作you like的宾语)
一.填上适当的关系代词或关系副词
1. _______caused the accident was a man lying
on the ground.
2. _______will go makes no
difference
3. ________your daughter lovers is
very clear
4. ________wallet was stolen must
be made clear
5. ________he left his wife cut
her to the heart
6. _________we go there
remain to be decided
7. _________you uncle
will arrive was not mentioned in his letter.
8. ________you went there alone must be
explained
9. I’ll take back ________I said
10. I’m satisfied ________he did
11. Tell
us _________you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of
time
’s________ I praise you
is
__________two thirds of the earth’s surface is
made up of vast oceans
season_________ you
went to the park was that you want to visit her
question is_________ we will complete the
project
was ________the Chinese began to
make paper
problem________ should be our
mornitor is not decided
have no information
_________ he was alive
is another
proof_________ he killed a man
professor gave
orders ___________the test be finished before 6
o’clock
二.语法填空
(一)
I read a report
last night. It says 1_________ a lot of people
died in 2______ traffic accident. But I forget
3_________ the accident happened last Sunday.
4 _________ astonished me most is 5__________ some
babies lost 6________ lives. However, I don't
know 7___________ the government has taken some
measures to deal with 8______. In my opinion,
9_____ accident has taught us a lesson
10__________we
should obey the traffic rules.
(二)
Body language is used every single
day by people of different nationalities all over
the world. It is a
3
language
_1________ words that consists of gestures, facial
expressions and body _2_______ (move) that
greatly add to --- and sometimes even
replace--- _3________ (speak) language.
Body
language _4_________(use) to communicate both
attitudes and feelings as it is not always
explicit.
Somebody jumping for joy is easy to
see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is
easier to miss.
People often use body
language 5________ purpose. Someone who does not
know the answer to a
question will move their
shoulders upwards away from their upper body and
then let them fall,
6________(mean), “I don’t
know”. 7__________, body language can be
unconscious as well. A person
_8_______ is
feeling uncomfortable or nervous will often hold
their body in a very rigid manner and have a
tight look about their mouths. They might also
cross their arms and move in 9_______ abrupt way
resembling a robot more than a human. They
might not even realise how they are acting but
their body
language will tell anyone who cares
to look closely enough 10_______ they are feeling.
Body language can
therefore make people’s
feelings more transparent as although we can lie
with words, it is not as easy to do
so with
our bodies.
(三)
In the United States,
there were 222 people ____1____ (report) to be
billionaires(亿万富翁) in 2003.
The
____2_____(rich) of these is Bill Gates, worth at
least $$ 41 billion, who made his money ____3____
starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was
only 21 years old _____4____ he first helped to
set up the
company in 1976. He was a
billionaire _____5__ the time he was 31.
____6____ , there are still some other people who
have made lots of money at even ____7____ (young)
ages. Other young people who have been struck
rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple.
____8____
of these child actors made over a
million dollars ___9____ (act) in movies before
they were 14. But
___10___ youngest
billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of
Germany, who, in 2001, inherited
参考答案
一.填上适当的关系代词或关系副词
1.What r
er
12why e
r
(一) 2.a 3. where 4.
What 6. their 7. whetherif 9. the 10. that
(二)1.Without nts 3. spoken 4. is used 5.
on 6. meaning 7. However 8. who
that 9.
an 10. how
(三)1. reported 2. richest 3. by
5. by 6. However 7. younger 8. Both9. acting 10.
the
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