高中英语语法专攻-《名词性从句》

高中英语语法专攻-《名词性从句》
【考点1-引导词】
宾语从句
引导词 主语从句
作及物动词宾
语
一般不省
略
放于句首
时只用
whether
作介词宾
语
一般不省
略
一般不省
略
表语从句 同位语从句
that
可以省略 一般不省略
Whetherif
（是否）
用whetherif
均可，但有区
别
只用
whether
只用
whether
只用whethe
r
特殊疑问
词

注意语序要用陈述语序
【考点2-主语从句】
①定义：主语从句是指在 复合句中充当主语的句子，它是名词的拓展，属于主语
的第三个表达层次。所以，主语从句和名词一样通 常是出现在谓语动词的前面。
②主语从句的引导词：
从属连词：that、whether、if（不可位于句首）
连接代词：what, whateverwho, whoeverwhom, whomever
whose,whoseverwhich,whichever
连接副词：when, wheneverwhere,whereverhow, howeverwhy
that引导主语从句（that无含义，在句中不作成分，不可省略）
That youth is wholly experimental is known to us all。众所周知，青春就是探索的岁
月。
That she finished reading an English novel surprised us all.她读完了一部全英文小
说让我们惊讶That you will win the medal seems unlikely.你赢得奖牌似乎是不可
能的。
That he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着，真是奇迹。

That we shall be late is certain.我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。
That she is still alive is a consolation.她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。
Whether引导主语从句（whether有含义“是否”，在句中不作成分，不可省）
Whether she will come to the party makes no difference.她来不来参加聚会都没有
关系。
It makes no difference whetherif she will come to the party.
Whether he is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.他来或不来都不怎么重要
It doesn’t matter too much whether he is coming or not.
Who,whom, what, w hich,whose（连接代词）引导主语从句（连接代词有含义，
在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成 分）
Who will be the leader of the team has not been decided yet.谁会成为这个队的领头
人还没定下来。
Whoever comes will be welcome.谁来都欢迎
What the kids need is a peaceful growing environment.孩子们需要的是一个和平的
生长环境。
What goal you set now determines what your will gain in the future.你现在设立什么
目标决定了你将来会有什么收获。
What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
What we need is money.我们需要的是钱。
Whatever you like I will give you.你喜欢什么我都给你
Which you choose has nothing to do with me.你选择哪一个跟我没有任何关系。
Which bus we should take is the first problem we have to solve now.我们应该乘坐哪
辆车是我们现在首先要解决的问题。
Whichever you want I will buy you.你想要哪个我就买哪个给你
Whichever of them gains the most points wins.他们当中哪个得分最多，哪个赢。
Whose face will flush is the liar.谁的脸红了谁就是骗子。
when, where, how, why（连接副词）引导主语从句（连接副词有含义，在句中充
当状语）
Why Tony did this remained a mystery. 为什么托尼做这件事仍然是个谜。

When we will have our winter holidays is still uncertain.我们什么时候放寒假还不
确定。
When they will come hasn’t been made public.他们什么时候到还没有公布
How the accident happened is not clear to anyone.这场事故是怎么发生的，谁都不
清楚。
Where we shall have our party is not your business.我们应该在哪开派对跟你没有
关系。
Wh-ever连接词引导主语从句
Whoever has a strong will is likely to become successful.凡是有坚强意志的人都有
可能成功。
Whatever is worth doing at all is wroth doing well.凡是值得做的事情就值得做好。
Whatever we do is to serve the people.我们所做的一切都是为人民服务
whosever book is overdue will be fined.无论谁的书超期了都会被罚款
③it作形式主语：有 时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形
式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。 主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形
式。常用句型如下：
（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句
It’s a pityshamegreat fun that... ；It is common knowledge that ...是常识
It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是... ；It is a fact that 事实是 ...
It is good news that...是个好消息 ；It is an honor that光荣的是...
It's a great pity that they didn't get married.他们没能结婚，真是令人惋惜。
It 's a good thing that you were insured.你保了险，这可是件好事。
It’s a puzzle how life begin.生命的起源是个谜
It’s still a question whether she’ll come or not.她会不会来还是个问题
（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句
It is necessary that...有必要 ；It is importantvital that重要的是...
It’s natural that...很自然的是... ；It’s strange that..奇怪的是...
It is obvious that...很明显；It is likelypossibleimpossible that...可能不可能

It's splendid（极好的令人满意的） that you passed your exam.你通过考试了，真
棒。
It's strange that there are no lights on.真奇怪，没有一盏灯是开着的。
It’s not clear to me why he behaved like that.我不清楚他为何会那样
（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句
It’s saidrep ortedbelievedthoughtpredictedsupposedexpectedknown that...【注：
若done为requiredsuggesteddemandedorder ed等时，that从句用虚拟语气】）
It is known to all thatIt is universally acknowledged thatIt is well known that...众所
周知...
It has been decided that已决定... ；It has been proved that已证明...
It must be pointed out that...必须指出...；It must be admitted that...必须承认...
It's said that he has been there many times.据说他去过那儿很多次。
It’s not decided who will edit it.还没有决定谁剪辑
It’s still unknown which team will win the match.哪只队伍会赢得比赛还是未知
（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
It appearsseems that似乎 ... ；It happenshappenedoccured that碰巧...
It occurred to sb. That...突然想起... ；It doesn’t matter that...无关紧要
It makes no difference that...没有区别；It turnsturned out that...结果是...
It follows that...由此可见...
It doesn’t matter much where we live.我们住在哪儿无所谓
（5）另注意在主语从 句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，
谓语动词通常要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：
It is necessaryimportantessential naturalstrangedesirable（令人向往的、有吸
引力的）advisable（ 明智的、可取的）amazingastonishingsurprising, …
It’s important that we(should)reply to her. It’s necessary that we(should)speak
politely.
It’s impossible that he(should)go home. It’s essential that the meeting start at
eight.

It’s desirable that everything(should)be ready by five o’clock.最好一切在五点前准
备就绪
It’s desirable that there should be a cold season once a year.每年有一个寒冷季节是
令人盼望的
It’s advisable that you should see a dentist regularly.你应该定期去看牙医是明智的
It’s strange that he should have left without telling us.奇怪，他没有和我们说一声就
走了
It’s natural that you should forget it.你忘了这事不足为奇
It’s quite natural that he should think so.他这样想很自然
It’s amazing that they should still be together.他们竟然还在一起，真让人惊讶
It’s astonishing that she should say that sort of thing to you.她对你说出那种话，真叫
人吃惊
It’s surprising that she should have married a farmer.她居然嫁给一个农夫实在令人
意想不到
It is a pitya shameno …
It’s a pity that she should have failed the driving examination.她竟没通过驾驶考试，
真是可惜
It’s a shame that they should be so wasteful.他们竟然如此浪费真是太羞愧了
It is suggestedrequestedproposeddesired（渴望的）…
It’s suggested that the question should be discussed at the next meeting.
有人建议在下次会上讨论这个问题
It’s desired that we should get everything ready by tonight.希望一起在今晚准备好
It was arranged that they should leave the following spring.已安排好他们第二年春
天离开
It has been decided that he should be given the job.已决定应当给他工作
It’s requested that she should give a performance at the party.请求她在晚会上表演
一个节目
It was proposed that the president be elected for a period of two years.
有人提议选举的主席任期两年

④主语从句时态不受主句时态限制
⑤主语从句大多情况下视为第三人称单数， 但亦有例外（视具体情况而定），
what引导主语从句的主句谓语动词的形式需要根据句子的意思来判 断
What we need are good docters.我们需要的是好医生
What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water.
为河水增色的是水里的荷花。
⑥主语从句不可位于句首的情况
（1）if引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首
（2）“It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句”结构中
It’s saidreportedbelieved thoughtpredictedsupposedexpectedknown that...【注：若done为requiredsuggesteddemandedordered等时，that从句用 虚拟语气】
It is believed that人们相信...
It is known to all thatIt is universally acknowledged that众所周知...
It has been decided that已决定...
It has been proved that已证明...
It's said that he has been there many times.据说他去过那儿很多次。
it’s not decided who will edit it.还没有决定谁剪辑
It’s still unknown which team will win the match.哪只队伍会赢得比赛还是未知
（3）”It + 不及物动词 + that 从句”结构中
It appearsseems that似乎 ... ；It happenshappened that碰巧...
It occurred to me that我突然想起... ；It doesn’t matter that...无关紧要
It makes no difference that...没有区别
It doesn’t matter much where we live.我们住在哪儿无所谓
It occured to him that he failed in the examination.他突然想起来他考试不及格
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.他是对是错都没关系
（4）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前
It it likely that it will rain in the evening?今晚有可能会下雨吗？

【考点3-宾语从句】

1.动词和介词后面都可以跟宾语从句。大多数动词( hope,tell,say等)后可以跟宾语
从句。介词后只能跟wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends
camping.I would have laughed heartily.
三年前如果有人告诉我我将大部分周末用来去野营,我会大笑。
You begin to realize that your boy in your footsteps,could probably accomplish what
you hoped for.
你开始意识到,让你的孩子追随你的脚步可能会实现你所期望的东西。
At the events,you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your
conditions.
在活动中,你可以见到种植专家,并与他们探讨哪些品种最适合你的条件。
I don’t think (that) you are right.
我认为你不对。
2.动词fi nd,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,需用it做 形式宾
语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
我认为我们有必要每天喝足够的开水。
,enjoy,like,love,dislike,see to等后接宾语从句时,常在从句前面加it。
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.
我不喜欢他们吃着东西说话。
,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等形容词后也可接宾 语从句。
I’m sure that they can make it.我确定他们会成功。

【考点4-表语从句】
1.跟在be或者其他系动词后的从句为表语从句。that引导表语从句时不能省略。
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked
about.
流言带来的一个重要的负面影响是它会伤害那个被谈论的人。
As John Lennon once said,life is whatwhatever happens to you while you are busy
making other plans.

正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的,生活就是当你忙于制订其他的计划时,所发生在你身
上的事情。
The message of Saving Private Ryan is that humans want peace,not war.
《拯救大兵瑞恩》传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。
2.主句主语为idea,adv ice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句< br>的谓语应该用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可以省略。
His suggestion is that we(should) change our course.
他建议我们改变航线。
3.主语为名词reason时,表语从句的连接词用that,不用why或者because。
The reason for the accident is that the driver was too careless.
事故的原因是司机太大意。
e,as if,as though,as等也可引导表语从句。
From space,the earth looks is because about seventy-one percent of its
surface is covered by water.
从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%的地方被水覆盖着。

【考点5-同位语从句】
同位语从句是用来解释说明某一名词的内容或者性质的从句。
1.常见的能接同位语从句的名词有:
belief,fact,hope,idea,do ubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answe r,decision
,explanation,information,thought,wor d等。
It was sad news that a music professor in Beijing committed suicide days ago.
几天前,北京的一位音乐教授自杀了,这是个不幸的消息。
As I began my own personal weight program,I was filled with the fear that I would
run into the same difficulties that beat me before.
当我开始自己的减肥计划时,内心充满了恐惧,担心重蹈以前减肥失败的覆辙。
2.同位语从 句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连
接副词。引导同位语从句的t hat不能省略。
—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah,but I have no idea why he did it;that’s one of his favorite universities.

——昨天迈克拒绝接受来自耶鲁大学的录取通知书是真的吗?
——是的,但是我不能理解他为什么这样做;那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。
3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而是被别的成分隔开。
The story goes that William Tell did kill the king.
故事流传说威廉·泰尔确实杀了国王。
后面的从句要根据具体情况选择引导词。
d oubt用于肯定句时,其后的宾语从句用whetherif引导,同位语从句用whether引
导 ;用于否定句时,宾语从句和同位语从句都用that引导。
You can complain,but I doubt whether it will make any difference.
你可以发牢骚,但我对这样做是否有用表示怀疑。
There is no doubt that we will have an exam next week.
毫无疑问下周我们要考试。

【考点6-whether与if引导的从句】
whether与if 当“是否”讲时,在下列情况下只用whether,不用if:
1.引导主语从句并用在句首时。
Whether you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood.
你与同学相处得是否融洽会影响你的情绪。
2.引导表语从句和同位语从句时。
We should discuss the question whether we can finish it on time carefully.
我们要认真讨论一下我们是否能按时完成任务这个问题。
3.所引导的从句做介词宾语时。
It all depends on whether they will lend us the money.
这都要看他们是否会借给我们钱。
4.从句后有“or not”时。
He just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or are truly selfish.
他就是不在意他的邻居有没有得到食物。猩猩真的很自私。
5.后接动词不定式时。
I don’t know whether to go to the party.

我不知道是否去参加聚会。

【考点7-that、what与which】
引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,也没有任
何含义;that 引导的宾语从句一般不作介词的宾语(介词but,except,besides,in除外)。
That he failed the exam made me surprised.(主语从句,that不充当从句成分)
他考试没及格令我很惊讶。
He is a good student except that he is a little careless.
除了有点粗心以外,他是一个好学生。
引导名词性从句 时,其意义为“……的人物数目等”,在从句中充当主语、宾
语、表语或定语。what具有双重作用, 既能引导从句,又能在从句中作成分。作主
语、宾语和表语时what可以分解成“定语从句的先行词+ 关系代词”,即常说的“先
行词+that”。
“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell
me.(what 指“……说的话”)
“每次吃糖,要喝点绿茶,” 这是我母亲过去常告诉我的。
A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not what ships are built for.(作for的宾语,意思为
“什么样的用途”)
船停泊在港湾里会很安全,但人们把它造出来可不是为了这个目的。
You will know what side effect the medicine brings about.(做定语,意思为“什么样
的”)
你将会知道这种药会带来什么副作用。
He lives in what we call “spring city”.(表示“……的地方”)
=He lives in the place that we call “spring city”.
他住在一个叫“春城”的地方。
You don’t know what good students they are.(表示“多么”,此为感叹句用于宾语从句
中)
你不知道他们是多么好的学生。
引导名词性从句,其意义为“哪一个”,可以指人也可以指物,是在已知的具

体的人、事、物当中进行选择;引导定语从句时,只能当关系代词,在从句中做主语
或宾语,且只能指物 。
Tell me which book you like better,the red one or the blue one? I will buy the book
which you choose for you.
告诉我你更喜欢哪本书,红色的还是蓝色的? 我给你买你选中的那本。
4.A is to B what C is to D.A对于B 就像C对于D一样。
Air is to us what water is to fish.
空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样。