名词性从句 语法(全)

名词性从句
名词性从句指的是在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句 ，宾语从句，
表语从句，和同位语从句。
1.主语从句

（1）主语从句的引导词
在句中作主语的从句称为主语从句。主语从句的引导词主要要有从属连词that, whether, if。
连接带刺what,who,whose,which,whatever,whichever 等，连接副词when,where,why,how等。
（2）that引导的主语从句
That引导主语从句一般位于句首，有时也用it作形式主语而把that从句后置。That在从
句 中不做任何成分，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用。
That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.
That in some countries women are still unequally is unfair.
It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.
It is no wonder that you have achieved so much success.
It is reported that the coral reefs are being destroyed.
It appears that we won’t be laid off.
（3）Ifwhether 引导的主语从句
Whether引导的主语从句可置于句首，但 if引导主语从句只能用it作形式主语，而把从句
放在句末。
Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.= it is doubtful whetherif the work
can be completed on time.
（4）连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句
连接代词或连接副词引导主语 从句时要在从句中作一定的成分，且表好似一定的意义。一
般连接词在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语 和状语

What we should do next remains unknown.
Who will be in charge of the project hasn’t been decided yet.
When the new road is open to traffic has not been made clear.
What we can’t get seems better than what we already have.
2.宾语从句
（1）宾语从句的引导词
在句中起宾语作用的从句称为 宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词有从属连词that,whether,if,连接
代词who,whom ,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatev er,if,连接副词
when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever ,however等
（2）动词的宾语从句
大多数及物动词可以带宾语从句，有些短语动词 也可带宾语从句。宾语从句有时用心事宾
语it代替(尤其时宾语后有补足语时)，而将从句后置。Th at 引导宾语从句时可省略。
He told us that they would help us through the whole work.
He didn’t tell me where the meeting would be held.
Do you know who won the first prize?
Please find out when ship sails for New York.
He hasn’t made it known when he is going to get married.
I feel it a pity that i haven’t been to the party.

特别提示

有些动词如
appreciate,hate,take,owe,have,see to
等后跟从句时要先再从句请安加
it.
Please see to it that the children go to bed by nine o’clock.
（请务必使孩子们在九点之前睡觉）

若宾语从句由
wh-
引导，其后又
to be
短语作宾语补足语时，则不可用
it
代替。

We all consider
what
you said
to be unbelievable
.
对（我们都认为你说的是不可信的）

We all consider it to be unbelievable what you said.
错

（3）介词的宾语从句
一般情况下介词后不跟that,if引导的从句，只能跟wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
Kate was interested in what she had seen at the exhibition.
（4）形容词的宾语从句
Su re,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,sat isfied,sorry等表示情感的形容词后的从
句常被视为宾语从句。
I am not sure whether they’ll agree with with us.
I am satisfied that they are telling the truth.
He was glad that she’d come
I am extremely sorry that i have troubled you so much.
（5）If和whether 的区别
?介词后的宾语从句一般用whether引导
The teacher worries about whether she had hurt the girl’s feelings.
I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.
?有些动词如leave,put,discuss,decide后的宾语从句常用whether 引导。
The old lady hasn’t decided whether she will live with her daughter in the city.
We are now discussing whether we should group these three companies.
?与or not直接连用时，一般用whether不用if
I wonder whether or not we should make it clear that we’ve lost this game.
④宾语从句置于句首时，一般用whether
Whether they will join in the Winter Group, i don’t care.
⑤再容易产生奇异的句子中，常用whether引导的宾语从句，而不用if.
Let me know whether you can come.告诉我你是否能来。（如果改成let me know if you can come.
则可以理解为“告诉我你是否能来。”或“如果你能来，就告诉我” 两种意义，容易产生歧
义）

（6）宾语从句不可省略that的情况
That引导宾语从句时，一般情况下可以省略，但再下列情况中一般不省略。
?在lear n,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,mean.等动词后引导宾语从句时。
However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things--the grammer and some
of the idioms.
I have learned that most of the students who are interested in Chinese take interest in English.
?宾语较长时
We all think that what the public is badly in need of is nothing but the development of economy.


?主句中的状语置于宾语从句之前时。

I realized at once that i had done wrong immediately she told me al about this.

④宾语从句中的状语置于该从句句首时。
He told us that, f we could all come to help out, the whole situation would be looking up.

⑤主句位于动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时
When Marx got to England, he found, however, that his english was so limited that he couldn’t go
on with his common affairs.

⑥动词带有多个并列的that引导的宾语从句时，除第一个that外，其余的that均不可省略。
Then the teacher began to talk to us about the French language, saying(that) it was the most
beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it along us and never forget it.

⑦宾语从句中的主语时this,that或有this that修饰时。
Some people yhink that this part of Scotland with its lakes and mountains is more beautiful than
the West of England.

⑧宾语从句的主语时非位于动词或从句时。
However, many people simply couldn’t believe that what he had written was true.

⑨主句中的谓语动词时固定短语
Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fall faster than light objects.

⑩宾语从句由it作形式宾语替代时。
We all consist it very important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.
11.引述动词把直接引语中的主句与宾语从句隔开时。
“i am extremely sorry to you,”the man said, “that you missed the last train once again.”
(7)宾语从句的否定转移
主句谓语动 词时think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,gu ess等时，从句的否定一般
要转移到主句是哪个来。反意时否定意义体现在从句上。
I don’t think they’ll stick out to the last minute.
I don’t suppose that’s his fault.
(8)宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词的影响，因而在使 用时要注意主句与从
句两部分的时态要保持一致。
?主句谓语动词
如果时
现 在时或将来时
，从句谓语动词
可用除过去完成时
，
过去完成进行时
以 外任何所需要的时态。

I know you don’t know what i think at all.
I know he didn’t tell you that he would come then.
I will let you know whether i will come or directly i check my schedule.
?主句谓语动词如果时
过去时态
，从句谓语动词一般要用
过去时的某种时态。

I only knew he was studying in a western country, but i didn’t know what country he was in.
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the rebellion.

3.表语从句
（1）表语从句的引导词
在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句的引导词有that, whether,because,as ifthough
as;连接代词who,whom,wh ose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whoever,whatever,w hichever,
等；连接副词when, where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。
The reason for your mistake is that you lack confidence in yourself.
The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product.
This is what i am interested in.
The doubt is who has got away with the document.
Actually, girl can be whatever they want to be just like boys, whether it is a pilot, an astronaut or a
manager.
That was where we camped last time.
The question is however we can do the work better.
He has lung cancer. That is because he has been smoking too much.
特别提示
除be以外，系动词seem,look,appear,sound等后也常出现as fthough引导的表语从句。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
It sounds as if you are from the south of the US.
It seems as if she had done a great thing.
(2)表语从句中需要注意的问题
?主语为名词reason时表语从句的引导词要用that,一般不用why或because.
The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was drunk.
?主句主语时advice,suggestion, order,request,requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语动词
常用“（sho uld+）动词原形”
My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it
aside.
The captain’s order was that we (should) start out immediately it got dawn.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句时用以解释，说明某一名词的内容和实质的从句。同 位语从句在句中的作用等
于其前的名词。常用的引导词有that whether,why who,where,how,when等，if不能引导同
位语从句。
The fact that some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a big problem to the world.
The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city
is still under discussion.
I have no ideal who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away.
常用必备
后面可跟同位语从句的名词常用的有：
Advice belief doubt explanation fear fact hope idea news
order opinion promise
He kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucy to make sure of her
happiness.
The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is a trend.

做题方法
名词性从句的比考点是引导词的选择。 而判断使用哪个引导词则要 看名词性从句是否缺少
句子成分，缺少何种句子成分及引导词表达的意义是否与名词从句吻合等几个关键 方面。
一般从句不缺少成分时考虑用连词，确守啊句子成分时考虑育红连接代词或连接副词。