jago-九年级物理知识点
.
Noun Clauses (名词性从句) 导学案
Part1.主语从句(Noun Clauses as the Subject)
一.导学
【什么是名词性从句?】
原来名词性从句是从另一个角度所命名的从句,即在句中起名词作用的从句就叫名词性从句
名词性从句包括 , ,
, 。
名词性从句的引导词:
连词
单词
that
if whether
连接
代词
what (ever)
which
(ever)
who (ever)
whom (ever)
whose (ever)
连接
副词
when
where
why
how
词义
在词中所充当的成分
(一)主语从句
定义
-----用作 的从句就叫主语从句,它是名词性从句之一。
Step1:感悟下列各句的主语并且划出下列句中的主语:(标出词性)
1. You
are a student 2. A tree has
fallen across the road.
3. Smoking is bad for
you. 4. To find your way can be a
problem.
5. It is impossible to finish this
task in half an hour.
6. 30 years has seen the
changes in our hometown.
Step2.认识主语从句,主语从句在从句中作主语。
1).What is
needed for the space trip is careful preparation.
2).Whether wild life can be well protected is
of great importance.
.
.
3).Who will go makes no difference.
4).Which kind of food is the best is still not
certain.
5).When they will have a new
restaurant opened has not been decided yet.
6)
How gold was found there is not clear.
7). Why
there is gravity is hard to understand.
8)It
is our duty that we students clean the classroom
every day.
思考与探究:<1> 作主语的可以是
<2>
从句用什么语序?
<3>
8)句子的主语怎么不在句首?
★注意:
1. That-
从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is true
that the earth is round.
It's a pity that you
should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
2.表示“是否”意义时,用whether 而不用 if引导主语从句,
Whether she will come or not is still a question
.(但如果有形式主语 it引导时,既可用
whether,也可用 if)。
3.有时可用形式主语it 代替主语从句:
e.g. It is still a
question whether she will come or not . =It has
not been decided yet when
they will start .
★用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
+ be +形容词+
that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is
important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that…
很明显……
.
.
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is
believed that… 人们相信…… It is known to all
that… 众所周
知……
It has been decided that…
已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is
common knowledge that… .....是常识 It is a surprise
that…令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It seemsappears
that… 似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧……
It
occurred to me that … 我突然想起……
Step
3:寻规找矩:请划出下列各句的主语(部分)。
1. That she was chosen
made us very happy.
2. Who will go to the
concert is not known.
3. Whether she will come
or not is still a question.
4. Which book they
will choose is still unknown.
5. When we shall
hold our sports meet is not decided.
6. Why
dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.
7. How
they will solve the serious problem today has not
been decided.
8 . What surprised me most was
that the little girl could play the violin so
well.
9. Whoever leaves the room last ought to
turn off the lights.
.
.
10. It’s strange that he knows nothing about
it.
11. It is a pity that she has made such a
mistake.
12. It is said that President Hu
Jingtao will visit our school next week.
[小结归纳
]主语从句的引导词有:
___________________________________
__________________________________________________
____
____________________________________
__________________________________________________
__
★what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别:
what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语.
而that则不然,它在句子
中只起连接作用,没有意义.
(1) ______
you said yesterday is right.
(2) ______ the
earth goes around the sun is well-known to
everybody.
Step3: 用适当的词填空,使句子意思完整。
who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever,
whatever, whoever, when, where, how, why, ,
that, if, whether,
1. __________ he
didn’t attend the meeting yesterday wasn’t quite
clear.
2. The Foreign Minister said, “It is
our hope _______ the two sides will work towards
peace.”
3. _________ team will win the match
is still unknown.
4. _________ comes to the
party will receive a present.
5. __________
Mary has left is still a question.
6. It’s
reported _________ three people were killed in the
accident and five were hurt badly.
7.
_________ he solved the problem successfully
interested all of us.
8. We usually think
_________ we can’t get seems better than what we
have.
.
.
9. It is a fact ________ English is being
accepted as an international language.
10.
__________ is to be sent there to solve the
problem hasn’t been decided.
Step4:
Translation 用主语从句翻译下列句子所缺部分
1.
这位老人的儿子想知道的是金子藏在哪里了。
is where the gold is hidden.
2.
他是否能顺利的完成这项任务还是不确定的。
is uncertain.
3. 每个人都有一本字典是很有必要的。
everybody has a dictionary.
4.
谁杀死了这位科学家仍然是一个迷。
is still( remains) a puzzle.
5.
他们是怎么去美国的,这正是我所想知道的事情。
is just what I wanted to know.
6.
车祸为何会发生是我们所关心的事情。
is what we are concerned about.
7.
我们成功举办了2008年奥运会是一个伟大的荣幸(honor)。
that we held the 2008 Olympics successfully.
8. 据报道刘德华将在四月底结婚。
Andy Liu is getting married in late(at the end
of)April.
9. 重要的是,大家都知道自己该做些什么。
everybody knows what he should do.
.
.
Part2. 表语从句(Noun
Clauses as the Predicative)
定义-----用作 ___
的从句就叫表语从句,它是名词性从句之一。
.
.
Step1:感悟下列各句的主语并且划出下列句中的表语:标出其词性
1. My
mother is beautiful.
2. the man who
is standing there is my father.
job is
teaching English.
important thing in
life is to have a great aim.
books are
in my schoolbag.
Step2认识表语从句,表语从句在复合句中做表语
1)Her wish is
that she could lose weight soon.
2) The
question is whether it is worth doing.
3)
It looked as if it was going to snow.
4)
The problem was who could do the work.
5)
That is what he is worried about.
6) His
trouble is where he can find a new job.
7)
That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet.
思考与归纳:<1> 作表语的还可以是
<2> 从句的语序必修是
语序
<3> 从句前面是 动词;3)句中从句前是
动词
Step 3:寻规找矩:请划出下列各句的表语(部分)。
1. What
surprised me most was that the little girl could
play the violin so well.
2. The fact is that
we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
’s just
what I want. 这正是我想要的。
is where our problem
lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
is why he didn’t come to
the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
.
.
looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
problem is when we can get a pay rise.
问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.
problem is who can host this
meeting.
problem is how we can get the
things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东
西。
problem
is whether we can get the things we need
did
not see the film last night. That is because he
had to help his little sister with her
homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影, 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业
[小结
归纳]表语从句的引导词有:
_________________________________
__________________________________________________
______
对比这两种从句的引导词发现什么
引导词分为三类即连接代词、连接副词和连接词,
连接代词有
连接副词有
从属连词有
Step4: 选择适当的词填空引导从句,使句子意思完整。
who,
whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever,
whoever, when, where, how, why,
because, that,
if, whether, as ifthough
1) The question is
we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) The question is we can go back to
our homeland
3) But the fact remains
we are behind the other classes.
.
.
4) The reason he is late for school is
he missed the early bus.
5).Our plan is
we’11 90 there once a week.
6).This is
I want.
7).Their difficulty is they
can raise enough money.
8).That is
he caught a cold yesterday.
9).This is
she did it.
10).What he wants to know is
we can finish our work by tomorrow
morning.
11).It looks it is going to snow.
Step4: Translation 用表语从句翻译下列句子所缺部分
The
trouble is (that)
. 麻烦是他已丢了他的钱。
The question is
.问题是我们是否需要更多的冰激
凌。
The question is
. 问题是我们中的那一个应该
去。
The problem was
.问题是谁能这项工
作。
That's
.那就是他所正在担忧的。
Go and get your coat. It's
. 去取你的上衣,它在你落下的地方。
I had neither a raincoat
nor an umbrella. That’s
.那就是
我湿透的原因。
That is
.那就是老鼠每年是怎样毁坏许多粮食的
(ruin )。
.
.
It looked .
看起来天要下雨。
That's
.那是因为我们从来没想到它。
It seems
. 他似乎不知道答案。
主语从句:Step1:
that,
who, whether, which, when, why, how, what, whoever
.
.
Step 2
1. Why 2. that 3. Which
4. Whoever 5. Whether, why, how, when 6. that
7. How, when whether, 8. what 9. that
10. Who
Step 3
1
.
What the old
man’s son wants to know is where the gold is
hidden.
2. Whether he can finish the task
successfully is uncertain.
3. It is necessary
that everybody has a dictionary.
4. Who killed
the scientist is still( remains) a puzzle.
5.
How they went to America is just what I wanted to
know.
the accident happened is what we are
concerned about.
7. It is a great honor that
we held the 2008 Olympics successfully. (That we
held the 2008
Olympics successfully is a great
honor)
8. Whatever you said may do harm
to(hurt)others.
9. It is reported that Andy
Liu is getting married in late(at the end
of)April.
10. It is important that everybody
knows what he should do.
11. It is probable
that he has forgotten our appointment today.
.
.
12. Whichever road you choose now will
decide what kind of person you will be in the
future(who you will be in the future。
表语从句填词答案
Step3:
用适当的词填空,使句子意思完整。
1) The question is whether we
can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the
people.
3) But the fact remains that we are
behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is
late for school is that he missed the early bus.
Our plan is that we’11 90 there once a week.
This is what I want.
Their difficulty is
where they can raise enough money.
That is why
he caught a cold yesterday.
This is how she
did it.
What he wants to know is whether we
can finish our work by tomorrow morning.
.
.
It looks as if it is going to snow.
表语从句补全句子
I had neither a raincoat nor an
umbrella. That’s why I got wet
through.那就是我湿透的原
因。
That is how mice ruin
much grain every year.那就是老鼠每年是怎样毁坏许多粮食的。
It
looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨。
That's because we never thought of
it.那是因为我们从来没想到它。
It seems as if he didn’t know
the answer. 他似乎不知道答案。
.
.
Module 3 Unit5 同位语从句(Noun
Clauses as the
Appositive)
一、概念
所谓同位语,是指跟在某些名词的后面,对前者做进一步
的解释、说明、补充和概括,
但不对前者起修饰作用的一种句子成分。
Step 1:
找出下列句子中的同位语:
1. The youngest boy, Peter,
refused to accept the money.
2. He has read
all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese
and foreign.
3. That’s her habit, reading in
bed.
4. Your suggestion, to strike while the
iron is hot, seemed a good idea.
5. Yesterday
I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
6. I’m
looking for a job driving cars.
.
.
7. Football, his only interest in life, has
brought him many friends.
8. He is interested
in sports, especially ball games.
Step
2:划出下列句子中的同位语从句:
possibility that the
majority of the labor force will work at home is
often
discussed.
2. We are not looking
into the question whether he is worth trusting.
3. The question whether to confess or not
troubled the girl.
4. The news that our team
has won the game was true.
5. I have no idea
where I should go.
6. I have no idea how I can
get to the railway station.
7. The suggestion
that she should stay in the room is good.
[小结归纳]主语从句的引导词有:
Step 3.巩固练习:
1. The fact ___ _
she works hard is well known to us all.
2. I
will find him he may be.
.
.
3. He often asked me the question _
___ the work was worth doing.
4.
wants to see this film can go with us tonight.
5. I have no idea ___ _ he will
start.
6. I've come from the government with a
message __ __ the meeting won't be
held tomorrow.
7. You can take
seat you want.
8. l have no idea
he will be back.
9. He must answer the
question he agrees to it or
not.
10. Xiao Wang has solved the problem
the TV was out of order .
11. You can eat
you like.
12. I’ll find him,
he is,.
13. None of us knows
these new parts can be bought.
14. ---- I
drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that you had a few days off ?
Step 4:用主语从句翻译下列句子:
1我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
.
.
2.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
3.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
4.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
5.不论谁赢了都会获得金牌。
6.她所做的事情都是对的。
7.他没回答他为什么迟到这个问题。
8.这里有一个问题:我们该到哪里去?
9.他考试没及格这个事实使他的父母很生气。
10.我不知道他什么时候被害的。
11.他们没有回答他们在哪里出生这个问题。
12.我们不知道他是否活着。
答案解析
Step 1
.
.
1.用名词或代词作同位语。2.用形容词作同位语。5.用-ing形式作同位语。6.用
不定式作同位语。
*1由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同
,句法
功能也相同,后项是前项的<同位语>。
our new
teacher是<主语>Mr. Smith的<同位语>,指同一人。
a friend of
my brother's是<宾语>Tom的<同位语>,指同一人。
*2如<同位语>与其同位成
分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如<同位语>对其同位成分只作补
充解释时可用逗点隔开。
himself和John都是单一的字作<同位语>,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。
*3<同位语>除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。
如<同位语>与其同
位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如<同位语>对其同位成分只作补
充解释时可用逗点隔开。
*4<同位语>除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。(11,12)
Step2:同位语的句子1,That 2, whether.3,whether,4,
that, 5, where, 6, how, 7, that定语
的句子
句的that she should stay in the room这个从句说明了建议的内容,同时,
that只起连
词作用,在从句中既不是主语,也不是宾语,但不能省略,所以它是同位语从句。
寻规找矩:
我们可用连词that, whether以及连接代词who,
which, what和连接副词how, when,
where,
why等来引导从句作同位语,称为同位语从句。在同位语从句中that 虽不作句子
.
.
成分,且无意义,但不可省略。同位语从句常对一些抽象名词做进一步的解释和说明。这
些
名词常见的有:idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion,
proposal, word, thought, doubt,
truth,
possibility, promise, order 等。
step 3.巩固练习
1:that 2.wherever 3.whether r5 when 6 that
7.whichever 8 that 9. When
10. whether 11.
whatever 12. Wherever 13. where 14. why
Step4
translation
1.
The news that
I have passed the exam is true.
2. We'll
discuss the problem whether the sports meeting
will be held on time.
3. The general gave the
order that the soldiers should cross the river at
once.
4. The news that they had won the game
soon spread over the whole school.
5. Whoever
wins will get a golden medal.
6. Whatever she
did was right.
7. He didn't give the answer
the question why he was late.
8. There is a
question where we should go.
9. The fact that
he failed in the exam made his parents very angry.
10. I have no idea when he was killed.
.
.
11. They didn't answer the question where
they were born.
12. We have no information
whether he is alive.
补充:一、定语从句相当于一个形容词, 它对先行词起
修饰、描述和限制的作用。同位
语从句相当于名词,属于名词性从句,它是对前面名词内容的具体表述,
它们之间的关系
是同位关系。
二、同位语从句常跟在 news, fact,
promise, idea, word, message, hope, truth, answer,
proposal, suggestion, order, information
等少数名词之后,而一般名词之后都可跟定语从
句。
三、that
在定语从句中充当某一成分, 是关系代词; that
在同位语从句中不作任何成
分,仅把主句与从句连接在一起,是从属连词。
四、when,
where, why, how, who, whom, which 如果引导定语从句,
它们分别指前面先
行词所表示的时间、地点、原因、方式、人和物,否则引导的就是同位语从句。
五、whether, what 可引导同位语从句,但通常不可引导定语从句。
.
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