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名词性从句超详细讲解]

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来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-22 04:13
tags:高中英语名词性从句

呜呜组啦-此刻的英语

2020年10月22日发(作者:常又明)


名词性从句超详细讲解]

【文字|双语 | 教程】▼引导名词性从句的连接词可分
为三类:连词(5个):that (本身无意义。引导单一的宾 语
从句时that常可省略,但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语
从句时that通常不被省略 )whether,if (均表示“是否”表
明从句内容的不确定性)as if ,as though ([1] 均表示“好像”,
“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词(10个):
what whatever, who whoever, whom whomever,
whosewhosever, which whichever连接副词(7个):when
whenever, where wherever, how however, why不可省略的连
词:1. 介词后的连词。2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连
词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very
heard the news that our team had won.3. 在从句中做成分的连
词.比较whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下,
只可用whether:1. whether引导主语从句并在句首。
eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the
traffic.2. 引导表语从句。eg:The question is whether we can get
in touch with r从句作介词宾语。eg:I am thinking
about whether I should quit my present 与whether都可
以与or not 连用,但后面紧跟or not 时只能用whether。We
didn't know whether or not she was ready.(此时只能用


whether)I wonder whetherif the news is true or not.(此时则
二者都可以用)5 .后面直接跟动词不定式时。r可引
导从句,作主语、表语、同位语而if不行。分类主语从句主
语从句通常由下列词引导:1)从属连词that、whether、if
等;2)连接代词what 、who、which、whatever、whoever、
whom 等;3) 连接副词how、when、where、why 等。that
在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代 词和连接副词都在句
中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当主
语的成分。注: whom、who指人,what指物,whatever、
whoever表示泛指意义。例如:Wh at he wants to tell us is not
clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。Who will win the match
is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。It is known
to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名
作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet
been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。有时
为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语 it代替主语从句作形式
主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语
动词一般用 单数形式。常用句型如下:(1)It be+ 名词 + that
从句It's a great pity that they didn't get married.他们没能结婚,
真是令人惋惜。It 's a good thing that you were insured.你保了
险,这可是件好事。(2)It be + 形容词 + that从句It's splendid
that you passed your exam.你通过考试了,真棒。It's strange


that there are no lights on.真奇怪,没有一盏灯是开着的。(3)
It be + 动词的过去分词+ 主语从句It's said that he has been
there many times.据说他去过那儿很多次。(4)It + 不及物动
词+ that 从句[1 ]另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相
信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气
“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:It is necessary (important,
natural, strange, etc.) that …It is suggested (requested,
proposed, desired, etc.) that…(5) it seemshappens+that 从句(6)
众所周知的几种表达方式①It is known to us that.②As is
known to us.③What is known to us is 引导的强调句结
构:It iswas+被强调部分+thatwho+句子其它部分。eg:My
father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.强调主
语:It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday
evening.强调宾语:It was the experiment that my father did in
the lab yesterday evening.强调时间:It was yesterday evening
that my father did the experiment in the lab.(注意不用when)强
调地点:It was in the lab that my father did the experiment
yesterday evening.宾语 从句名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语
从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关
联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词
的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语 从句。由连接词that
引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非


正式的文体中常被省去,但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句
前的that不可省。He has told me that he will go to Shanghai
tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never
think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in
nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么 都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request,
command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动
词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。I insist that she
(should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The
commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员
命令部队马上出发。2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what,
when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whic hever等关联
词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用
陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告
诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她
总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs
help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支
持。3.可运用it做形式宾语。①动词make,
find ,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,
则需要用it做形式宾语,而将that宾语从句后置,结构:
S.+vt+it+adj.n .+oc(宾语补足语)。I think it necessary that we
take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必


要的。I feel it a pity that I haven't been to the get-together.我没
去聚餐, 感觉非常遗憾。②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾
语与从句前加it,这类动词主要是:hate,ta ke,owe,have,see toI
hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他
们满嘴食物时说话。We take it that you will agree with us.我们
认为你会同意我们的。He will have it that our plan is really
pratical.他认为我们的计划确实可行。4.用whether或if引 导
的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述
句语序。此外,whether与 if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下
列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:①whether 引导主语
从句在句首时;Whether there is life on the moon is an
interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.
他能否准时参加派对 得看交通情况。②宾语从句放在句首表
示强调时,只能用whether;Whether this is true or not, I really
don't know.这是否真实,我也不知道。③引导表语从句,只
能用whether;The question is whether we can get in touch with
her.问题是我们是否能联系上她。④引导介词宾语时,只能用
whether;His father is worried about whether he lose his work.
他的父亲担心他是否会失去工作。I'm thinking about whether I
should quit my present job.我正在考虑我是否应该辞去现 在
的工作。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.


一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。⑤if与whether都可以与or
not连用,但后面紧跟着or not时只能用whether;We didn't
know whether or not she was ready.(此时只能用whether)I
wonder whetherif the news is true or not.(此时则二者都可以
用)⑥后接动词不定式时,用whether;Can you tell me whether
to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留?I can't decide
whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。⑦用if会引起歧义时,
只用whether;Could you tell me if you know the answer ?这句
话有两种意思:“你能告诉 我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果
你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义.< br>⑧whether可引导同位语从句,if不能引导同位语从句。The
question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by
the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。5. 注意宾
语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现 在时,从句根据自
身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。I know (that) he studies
English every day. (从句用一般现在时)I know (that) he
studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时)I know (that)
he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时)I know
(that) he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)
当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相
应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;
当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自 然现象,则从句仍


用现 在时态。The teacher told us that Tom had left us for
America.All of us know that the moon moves round the
, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定
性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定 式。即将从
句中的否定形式移到主句中。We don’t think you are here. 我
们认为你不在这。I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不< br>会这样做。表语从句在复合句中,位于系动词之后作表语的
从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联 词与引导主语从句的
关联词大致一样,表语从句位于系动词后,有时用as if引导。
其基本结构为:主语+ 联系动词+ that从句 引导表语
从句,无词义,只起 连接作用,不可省。2.联系动词可为
be,look,seem,sound,appear等。3. 主语可为名词
fact,truth,cause,question,explanation,tr ouble,assumption,belief
等,代词this,that,these,it等 。The fact is that we have lost the
game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That’s just what I want.
这正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们
的问题所在。That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就
是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看
上去天要下雨了。Raw material is what we are badly in need of.
原材料是我们所急需的。China is not what it used to be.中国已
不是过去的中国了。【注意】1.当主语是r eason时,表语从句
要用that引导而不是because。The reason why he was late was


that he missed the train by one minute this r可
引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
is why…译为“这 就是……的原因因此”。其中why
引导的名词性从句在句中做表语,该句型通常用于针对前面
已经说过的原因进行总结。That is why you see this woman
before you know.这就是现在这位女士出现在你面前的原因。
That is why I came.这就是我来的原因。区别:①That is
why ……与That is the reason why …同义,只不过从语法结
构上讲,前者中的why引导表语从句,后者 中的why引导定
语从句。That is (the reason ) why I cannot agree.这就是我不能
同意的理由。②That is because …句型中从属连词bec ause
引导的名词性从句在此做表语,意为“这就是为什么……
因为……”。That is because …指原因或理由。That is why …
指由于各种原因所造成的后果。He didn not see the film last
night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her
homework.昨晚他没有去看电影,那是因为他得帮助他的妹
妹做作业。(第一句话说明 结果,第二句话说明原因)He had
seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以
前曾看过那部电影 ,因此他昨晚没有去看。(第一句话说明
原因,第二句话说明结果)同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于
同位语从句的名词有advice、 demand、doubt、fact、hope、


idea、information 、message、news、order、problem、promise、
question、r equest、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比
赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back
home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him
that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可 能玛丽生病了。同
位语从句和定语从句的区别:that作为关系代词,可以引导
定语从句,充 当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that
引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义 ,不充当
句子成分,一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:I had no idea
that you were here(.that引导同位语从句,不能省略)Have you
got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?
(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)名词性that 从句
(1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That
只起连接主句 和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本
身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、
表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:主语:That she is still alive
is her luck. 她还活着全靠运气。宾语:John said that he was
leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦
去。表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实
是近 来谁也没有见过他。同位语:The fact that he has not
been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近 来谁也没


有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。形容词宾语:
I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我
感到很高兴。2)That- 从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将
that-从句置于句末,例如:It is quite clear that the whole project
is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。It's a pity
that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。用it
作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:a. It +
be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that… 有必要……It is
important that… 重要的是……It is obvious that… 很明
显……b. It + be + -ed分词+ that-从句It is believed that… 人
们相信……It is known to all that… 众所周知……It has been
decided that… 已决定……c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is
common knowledge that………是常识It is a surprise that… 令
人惊奇的是……It is a fact that… 事实是……d. It +不及物动
词+ that-从句It appears that… 似乎……It happens that… 碰
巧……It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……名词性wh-从
句1)由wh- 词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-
词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which,
whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。
Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that- 从句一样外,还可充当介词
宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:主语: How the book
will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。


直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自
己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语:The club will give whoever
wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。表语: My question is
who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁
将接任该基金会主席职位。宾语补足语:She will name him
whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名
字。同位语: I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什
么时候回来。形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their
invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。介词宾
语: That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh- 从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-
从句置于句末,例如:It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作。It remains unknown when they are
going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。if, whether引
导的名词从句1)yes- no型疑问从句从属连词if, whether引
导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的 ,因此
也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功
能和wh- 从句的功能相同, 例如:主语:Whether the plan is
feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有待证
实。宾语:Let us know whether if you can finish the article
before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章
写完。表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money.


问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语:They are
investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们
调查他是否值得信赖。形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether
we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾
语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his
illness. 我担心他是否 能度过疾病的危险期。2)选择性疑问
从句选择性疑问从句由关联词ifwhether…or或whe ther…or
not构成,例如:Please tell me whether if they are Swedish or
Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。I don't care
whether you like the plan or not.我不 在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
if和whether的区别:1、在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。
如:例8 I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
2、 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如:例9 I want to
know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消
息。3 、在介词后,只能用whether。如:例10 His father is
worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会
失去工作。4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用
whether 。如:Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know.
这是否真的,我真的不知道。(例11 Whether they can finish the
work on time is still a problem . 他 们是否能准时完成这项工
作还是个问题。--此例为主语从句,有误,感谢指出)5、
用if会 引起歧义时,只用whether。如:例12 Could you tell me


if you know the answer ?这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉 你是
否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知 道答案,请告 诉我,好
吗?”。如用whether可避免 歧义。否定转移1) 将think,
believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾 语从句
的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从
句的谓语动词用肯定式。I don't think I know you. 我想我并不
认识你。I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。注意:
若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope
you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。2) 将seem, appear 等后
的从句的否定转移到前面。It doesn't seem that they know
where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。It doesn't appear that we'll
have a sunny day tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。 3)
有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动
词的否定。I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我记
得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…)It's
not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters
on the street.在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
(anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)4) 有
时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。The ant is
not gathering this for itself alone.(否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自
己采食。He was not ready to believe something just because
Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说


过如何如何,就轻信此事。She had not been married many
weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck
by her beauty.(否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个星
期,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。

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