名词性从句讲解与练习

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名词性从句


基本用法
一、定义： 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语 、宾语和同位语。因此，名
词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句。
二、引导词：
1、种类：有连词that whether as if，连接代词what who which whose whatever
whoever whomever whichever，连接副词where when why how wherever whenever。
2、功能：名词性从句的引导词一般都有意义且 在从句中充当主语、宾语、状语等成分，但that
引导名词性从句在从句中只起连接作用，无义且不作 成分；whetherif引导名词性从句表“是
否”之意，但在从句中不作成分。
3、that引导名词性从句的特殊用法。
1）、that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。如：
①That they are good at English is known to us all.
②The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
③She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.
2）、that引导宾语从句时可省，但在以下几种情况中不能省略：
①当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；
He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine.
②当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
③当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。但that引导的宾语从句只有在except, in, but,
besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到;
e.g. Your article is all right except that it is too long．
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
④that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。
**that引导主语从句借助it作形式主语的情况：
It 作主语的常用句型有:
A. It + be +形容词 + that 从句
B. It + be +名称词组(dutypity..) + that 从句
C. It + be + 过去分词(saidthought..) + that 从句
D. It +不及物动词(seemhappen..) + that 从句
用形式主语 it 的主语从句常见结构
is clear (necessary, important, possible,remarkable that… 很清楚（必要, 重要,
可能, 值得注意等)…
is a fact (a good thing, good news…) that … 事实是 ( 好事是,好消息是…)…
is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated,said, believed) that…众所周知( 据
报道,,据记载,据说,据估计)…
turns out ( seems, happens, appears…) that… 结果是 ( 似乎是, 碰巧是, 好象
是…)…
has been found (has been proved,can be seen,must be pointed out) that …已发现

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( 已证明,可以看出,需指出)…
如：
It is a pity that we can’t go swimming.真可惜我们不能去游泳.
It happened that I was out that day.碰巧那天我外出了.
It is certain that he will do well in the exam.他考试肯定会考好.
It is said that he told her everything.据说他已告诉了她一切.
***用it 作形式宾语时, 通常将宾语从句移至补语的后面, 即: “主 + 谓 + it + 宾语的补
语 + 宾语从句” 。
如：She made it a rule that she got early every morning.
She made it clear that it was not her fault.
⑤that和what的区别。
that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成 分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名
词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可 以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关
系代词，即常说的先行词 + that。如：
It’s shame that he has made such a mistake.
Do what he says= Do everything that he says.
4、名词性从句与定语从句的区别。
1）、同位语从句与定于从句的区别
引导的同位语从句：
（1）从先行词看
同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是“ 主语+be+表语”的关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽
象名词。例如：
They were delighted at the news that their team had won.
The news was that their team had won.
(2)从引导词来看
引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词 意，that不可省略；that
在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分——主语或宾语， 有具体词意，作宾语时
还可以省略。
The factory (that) we visited yesterday is a chemical one.
The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.

和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when 和where前面的名词若是 表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，
否则则为同位语从句。如：
They put forward the question where they could get the money.（ 同位语从句）
This is the place where the accident happened.（ 定语从句）
5、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态、主谓一致情况
（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持 一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句
是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：
Hello, I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here?
The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.

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（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或
两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓
语动词用 单数。如：
When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.
6.、宾语从句（The Object Clause）
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。e.g.
1）、做动词的宾语
(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：
e.g. He doesn't know where the post office is.
(2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语：
e.g. He told me what I should read．
(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语 it 而将从句放到补足语后面；
e.g. I thought it strange that he failed to call me．
我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。
(4)在think, believe, suppose, ex pect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，
则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词th ink等变为否定形式;
e.g. I don’t think you are right．我想你是不对的。
(5) 在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及 I’m afraid 等后，可
用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句：
e.g. 一Do you believe it will clear up?你认为天气会转晴吗?
一I believe so. 我认为会这样。
I don't believe so.(或I believe not.)
我认为不会这样。
2）、 做介词的宾语：It depends on whether we have enough time.
但that引导的宾语从句只有在except, in, but, besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到;
e.g. Your article is all right except that it is too long．
7. because, as if, as though 引导的表语从句
because引导表语从句通常只用于“ThisThatIt is because…”结构中。
as ifthough引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，
常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。
e.g. It sounds as ifthough somebody was knocking at the door.
My anger is because you haven’t written to me for a long time.

名词性从句是高考英语的重点考查内容之一，掌握其常见考点对提高应试技能很有益处。
高考常见考点：

一、陈述句语序问题：名词性从句必须用陈述句的语序。
e.g. I didn't know what ____with her.
A. was the matter B. is the matter C. Matter matter

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is 【A】
二、形式主语和形式宾语it的用法：在英语中只有 it 可以做形式宾语，thisthat 不行。
e.g. Don‘t take it for granted that he will help us. He makes it a rule that he gets
up early every morning.
三、在某些动词，如think, expect, suppose, believe, guess等后的宾语从句中，如果是否
定形式，其否定副词not要提前到主句谓语动词上。

e.g. I don't think he is honest. I don't believe he can do it alone.
五、whether 和 if 的区别：
1）引导表语从句，同位语从句和主语从句，用whether, 不用if 。 e.g.
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
The news whether our team has won is unknown.
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided.
2）引导宾语从句一般两者皆可， 但在介词后常用whether，在whether or not中whether不
用if代替。
e.g.
I don't know whether or not he is going to see the film.
It depends on ____we have enough time. A. if B. weather C. if or not D. whether
【D】
六、注意 I doubt whether if..., I don't doubt that..., There is some doubt whether...,
There is no doubt that...的用法：
e.g. Although most of them have no doubt ____he will pass the exam. I still think there
is some doubt ____he has really got everything ready.
A. whether; that B. that; whether C. that; that D. whether;
whether 【B】
七、注意 I'm sure that..., I'm not sure whether...的用法：
e.g. I'm sure that he is honest. I'm not sure whether he will come.
八、注意 The reason...is that...的用法：
e.g. The reason why he was late was that it was raining.
九、注意whatwhatever, whowhoever, whichwhichever, wherewherever 等的区别：what
等连接代词或副词表示疑问，whatever等连接代词或副词加强语气：
e.g. ____comes to the party will receive a
gift.

A. Which B. Who C. Which one D.
Whoever 【D】
十、注意whatever等和 no matter what等 的区别：
whatever等既可以引导名词性从句，而可以引导让步状语从句，no matter what等只能引导让
步状语从句：
e.g. No matter what he says, （让步状语从句） I will believe him.
I believe whatever he says. （宾语从句）

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十一、注意It's important necessary strange natural possible
impossiblesurprising...that...的用法：
e.g. It's necessary that we should practice reading English every day.
十二、注意It's said reported thought considered suggested hoped found
believed...that...等的用法：
e.g. It's reported that ten people were killed in the road accident.
十三、掌握What + vt. + sb. most + iswas + that...句型的用法：可以用于该句型的常见
动词有：
astonish impress move shock surprise ...
e.g. What impressed me most was that all of them studied very hard.
十四、注意what's the matterwhat the matter is的区别：
e.g. He asked me what was matter with me.(他问我怎么了）
The teacher asked me what the matter was. (老师问我那是什么物质)
名词性从句练习
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
1. China is no longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?
10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.
r it will please them is not easy to say.
is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.
asked whose car it was
is no longer what he used to be.
15. The question is which of us should come first.
didn’t tell the truth how she managed to go abroad.
are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.
二、用适当的连词填空：
1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.
2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a
short time.
4. ____________ we need is more time.
5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.
6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.

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7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
8. Is that ____________ you are looking for?
9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is?
10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.
has not been decided _______ they will leave for New York.
12.______ we do morning exercises every day does us good.
13_________ gets home first is to cook the supper.
14. Have you found your book yet?
---No, I’m not sure_______ I could have left it.
15. The doctor couldn’t answer the question_________ the patient could survive that
night.
manager came over and asked the customer _______ the quarrel had come about
17. ______ you don’t like him is none of my business.
18. ______ we’ll go camping depends on _______ it will be fine tomorrow.
19. _______ she comes or not makes no difference.
20The question is _______ it is worth doing.
is some doubt _______he will come.
22.________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
23.________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
is said that the famous football star is not willing to play for ________ would
pay him three million dollars a year.
was about 600 years ago ________ the first clock with a face and an hour hand
was made.
and get your coat. It’s _______ you left it.
are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _______ I disagree
28.--- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
--- Is that _______ you had a few days off?
29.I remember ________ this used to be a quiet village.
30.---Do you remember________ he came? --- Yes, I do, he came by car.
is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants
32._________we can’t get comes better than _______ we have.
33.A computer can only do ________ you have instructed it to do.
is pretty well understood ________ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and
out the atmosphere today.
35.A modern city has been set up in ________ was a wasteland ten years ago.
you have any idea ________ is actually going on in the classroom?
the flags on the building? That was_________ we did this morning.
a was _______ was first called “India” by Columbus.
39.________ troubles me most is ________ I don’t know how to calm the sick old man.
40.I think it is ________ you are working yourself too much.
reason _______ I plan to go is _______ she will be disappointed _______ I don’t.

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left word with my secretary ________ he would call again in the afternoon.
43._______ is no possibility ____ Bob can win the first prize in the match.
44.--- Brad was Jane’s brother. --- ________ he reminded me so much of Jane.
________ you think is right, ________ they say.
’s known to us _______ there is pollution, there is harm.
made a promise ________ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.
was at the very beginning _______ Mr. Fox made the decision _______ we should
send more firefighters here.
49.I would appreciate ________ if you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s
appointment.
50. The teacher told us the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
51. He was surprised at I said.
52. It is probable he has told her everything.
53. Do you all know the truth Columbus discovered America in 1492?
54. It happened Alice was out the other day.
55. The captain came up and soon found out the matter stood。
56. Are you sure he will succeed in the end?
57. they do it or not matters much to us.
58. The teacher came in and asked was the matter with us.
59. Now we have learnt heat is.
60. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
61. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
62. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
63. His suggestion ________ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
64. I have no idea _________ he will start.
65. I've come from the government with a message _______ the meeting won't be held
tomorrow.
66. The thought _______ he might fail in the exam worried him.
三、将下列各句中两个简单句连接成带主语从句的主从复合句。示例：
will he go abroad to study? It is fixed(确定,决定).
When he will go abroad to study is fixed.
should develop education in the countryside. It is very necessary.
It is very necessary that we should develop education in the countryside.
Practice:
1).Lu Xun was a great is well- known.

2)Where will they go to plant these trees? It hasn’t been decided yet.

3)What are the doctors discussing at the meeting?It is quite important.

4)Which class will win the game? It seems clear enough.

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5)Why did she get wounded at work? It should be investigated.

6)The new Children Zoo at the Beijing Zoo opened on Children’s Day,1984.
It is said.

7)Can this peasant drive the truck? It’s a question.

8)When does the train start? It is not known for sure.

9)Why was the bank robbed? It’s a mystery.

四、将下列句子译成英语.（主语从句）
1.这个青年工人所缺乏的是科学知识.

2.真奇怪,他为什么没有到机场去接他的母亲.

3.你今天晚上回来还是明天早上回来对我都一样.

4.人们相信中国农民的生活越来越好.

五、将下列句子译成英语.（表语从句）
1)他们就是这样为顾客服务的.

2)这就是我们支持老工程师的建议的原因.

3)这是王教授在他的报告中所强调的. (emphasize)

4)我想知道的是谁将去西德进修生物学.

5)最重要的是我们必须掌握现代科学技术.

用表语从句合并
was absent from the meeting. That’s the fact.

he a student? That’s my question.

will we leave for the Island.? That’s what I want to know.

must our education serve ? That’s the most important.

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六、按照示例用括号内的语句将下列句子改写为带宾语从句的主从复合句.
示例:What is her name? (I don’t know)
I don’t know what her name is.
1)Where does Doctor Liu live?(Do you know)
Do you know where Doctor Liu lives?
2)What did he lose at the railway station? (Would you tell me)
Would you tell me what he lost at the railway station?
3)Why is the cinema closed? (I wonder)

4)When did the accident happen?(Please go and find out)

5)What foreign language can you speak?(I want to know)


6)How has he become an expert at planting fruit trees?(The reporter asked the peasant)

7)Who discovered the element radium? (Can you tell me)

8)Whose box is it on the floor?(I’m not sure)

9) Which of these flowers is the biggest in the garden?(You can easily see)

10)How much did you pay for the dictionary?(Please tell me)

11)How high did the student jump at the sports meet?( The coach would like to know)

12)Does the engineer know Franch?( I don’t know)

七、将下列句子中括号内的汉语译成英语填空.
1)Would you kindly tell me_________________________________ __________
(我们如何能在城市消除空气污染).
2)Do you have any idea______________________________(我在哪里买得到大尺码的衬衫).
3)I’m not certain_____________________________ __________(这架飞机是否准时起飞).
4)They gave a good description of ____________________________________
(他们如何抢救受伤的游人).
5)The doctor insisted______ ____________________________________(我们轮流照顾他).
6)The driver was criticized for _____________________________________________ (对
一位年老的乘客说无礼的话).
八、将下列句子译成英语.(宾语从句)
1)我们必须查明昨天工厂失火的原因.

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2)这位外宾想知道中国是怎样进行教育改革的.

3)他问医生们是否愿意到西藏工作.

4)台湾是中国的一个省,这一事实是不可否认的.

九、句型转换(使用名词性从句合并句子)
1. He hadn’t said anything at the meeting. The fact surprised us.→

question is this: where will the lecture be given? →

is the truth. The fog is too thick . →

4. She sensed it . She was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat. →

5. When will we start? It is not clear. →

6. I had no idea .You were her friend. →


Answers:
一、1.表语从句 2.同位语从句 3.状语从句 4.主语从句5.同位语从句 6.定语从句7.表语从句8.
宾语从句 9.定语从句10.宾语从句 11.主语从句12.主语从句13.宾语从句14.表语从句15.表语从
句16.同位语从句17. 同位语从句
二、 where r
w r 15. whether 16. how 17. That 18.
Wheter;whether 19. Whether r 21. whether 23. Whoｅｖｅｒ 24. whoever
25. ｔｈａｔ 26. where 27. whｅｒｅ 28. why 29. that 31. whatever 32. What;what
34. what 36. what 37. what 38. what that 40. because that
ｉｆ ; that 44.? whatever 46. ｗｈｅｒｅ 47. that ｉｆ
;that 50. that51. what 52. that 53. that 55. ｈｏｗ 57.
Whether
三、将下列各句中两个简单句连接成带主语从句的主从复合句。示例：
1).It is well-known that Lu Xun was a great writer.
2).Where they will go to plant these trees hasn’t been decided yet.
3).What the doctors are discussing at the meeting is quite important.
4).Which class will win the game seems clear enough.
5).Why she got wounded at work should be investigated.
6).It is said that the new Children Zoo at the Beijing Zoo opened on Children’s
Day,1984.
7).It’s a question whether this peasant can drive the truck (or not).

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8).It is not known for sure when the train starts.
9).It’s a mystery why the bank was robbed
四、将下列句子译成英语.
the young worker lacks is scientific knowledge.
is strange why he didn’t go to the airport to meet his mother.
is just the same to me whether you will come back this evening or tomorrow morning.
is believed that the living conditions of the Chinese peasants is getting better
and better.
It is said that the Senior Grade one students will learn a new text this year.
It is a fact that they finished all the work by themselves.
It happened that they had done similar exercises.
It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world.
It is important that we (should) form a good habit of studying.
五、将下列句子译成英语.（表语从句）
1）.That is how they serve the customers.
2).That is why we support the suggestion made by the old engineer.
3).That is what Professor Wang emphasized in his report.
4).What I want to know is who is going to West Germany for further studies in biology.
5).The most important thing is that we must master modern science and technology.
用表语从句合并
fact is that he was absent from the meeting.
question is whether he is student. 从句一律陈述语序
I want to know is when we’ll leave for the Island
most important is whom our education must serve.
六、按照示例用括号内的语句将下列句子改写为带宾语从句的主从复合句.
1）.Do you know where Doctor Liu lives?
2).Would you tell me what he lost at the railway station?
3).I wonder why the cinema is closed.
4).Please go and find out when the accident happened.
5).I want to know what foreign language you can speak .
6).The reporter asked the peasant how he had become an expert at planting fruit trees.
7).Can you tell me who discovered the element radium?
8).I’m not sure whose box it is on the floor.
9).You can easily see which of these flowers is the biggest in the garden.
10).Please tell me how much you paid for the dictionary.
11).The coach would like to know how high the student jumped at the sports meet.
12).I don’t know whether the engineer knows French.
七、将下列句子中括号内的汉语译成英语填空.
1）.how we can get rid of air pollution in cities.
2).where I can buy a shirt in large size
3).whether the plane will take off on time

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4).how they had saved the wounded tourists
5).that we (should) look after him by turns
6).what he had said rudely to an old passenger
八、将下列句子译成英语.（宾语从句）
must find out why the factory caught fire yesterday.
foreign guest wanted to know how China was reforming her education.
asked the doctors whether they wanted to work in Tibet.
fact that Taiwan is a province of China is undeniable.
九、句型转换(使用名词性从句合并句子)
1. The fact that he hadn’t said anything at the meeting surprised us.
2. This is my question where the lecture will be given. →
is the truth that the fog is too thick . →
4. She sensed it that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat. →
5. It is not clear when we will start. →
6. I had no idea that you were her friend. →