遵守规则用英语怎么说-对仗查询
高二英语第五单元语法:名词性从句人教版知识精讲
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容:
第五单元语法:名词性从句
1. 名词性从句
2.
同位语从句
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的辨析
4. what; whatever;
whoever; where引导的名词性从句
5. it 作为形式主语的句型
二. 知识总结与归纳:
(一)名词性从句的结构:名词性从句起名词作用在句中做主语,表
语,宾语和同位语构成:
主语从句;表语从句;宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连词有三类:
that;whether;
wh-疑问词。
例句:
result of
this French influence was that the English
language ended up with many French
words such
as table, animal and age.
2. They realize that
it is of great value to record and teach them to
the younger generation.
3. I want to tell the
reader that these hills and fields are most
beautiful, with many small and
clear rivers,
and rich fields bearing fruit and grain.
4.
Some people feel that Wales is an ancient fairy
land.
5. What interested him was that the
whole world had been mapped 70 years before
Columbus.
6. What is certain that the book has
made many people think about the achievements of
Zheng
He and other Chinese captains and their
role in discovering the world.
7. That most of
these are now threatened and may disappear is a
serious matter to the people in
Britain.
8. This gave him the idea that the Chinese
perhaps first discovered America.
(二)同位语从句在名词idea; fact; news; thought;
suggestionadvice; problem; proof等词后面
带上that+陈述句
这部分从句解释了前面的那些名词所指的内容,与那些名词起着同等作
用的句子成分,叫同位语从句。
1. The fact that Great Britain is made up of
three countries is still unknown to many.
2.
The idea that England stands for Fish& Chips,
Speakers’ Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of
London is past.
3. The result that Oxford
beat Cambridge by a foot in 2003 surprised many.
4. The news that he died was a great shock to
his mother.
5. If there’s possibility that
you’ll go, I’d like to go with you.
6. I asked
myself a question whether the research is worth
the trouble.
7. I have no idea what has
happened to him.
(三)同位语从句与定语从句的辨析:
th
at引导的同位语从句解释前面名词的内容,that是连词没有任何意义,在从句中不做
任何成分。而定语从句修饰前面的先行词,从句有关系词that; which; who; when;
where; why
引导,先行词在从句中充当主语,宾语,状语。
1. The
news that the plane would take off on time made
everyone happy.
2. The news that is spreading
around the airport is that a heavy storm is
coming.
(四)what; whatever; whoever; where
引导的名词性从句:what+陈述句:……的话事的样
子;whatever+陈述句:……的任何东
西;whoever+陈述句:做…事的任何人;(以上名词性
从句做主语,表语或宾语);where
+陈述句:……的所在,做表语。
1. What life will be like in
the future is difficult to predict.
2. The
schools of the future will probably be quite
different from what they are today.
3. If we
learn to accept change and appreciate what is new
and different, we will be
well-prepared for
whatever the future may have in store.
4.
Whoever comes will be welcome.
5. That is just
where they are mistaken.
(五)与“命令,建议,要求,
有必要重要”有关的名词性从句中的谓语动词结构:1)主
动结构:should do;
2)被动结构:should be done;(should可以省略)
1. I
suggest that he should come another day.
2.
The suggestion that the students should learn
something practical is worth considering.
3. I
though it necessary that I should stay in the room
till he came back.
(六)it 作为形式主语的句型:
It is +形容词名词名词短语+that 从句。
It is said
reported predicted that从句。
It is suggested
believed thought hoped found that从句。
1.
It’s a pity that you are leaving.
2. It’s
decided that the meeting has been put off till
next Monday.
3. It was once predicted that
British and American English would become separate
languages
finally.
【典型例题】
1. The
doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear
____he would die of the disease.
A. that
B. which C. of which D. of that
答案:A
分析:he would die of the disease作fear的同位语。
2. The idea ___ we should have more industry
in this area is a good one.
A. that
B. which C. what D. how
答案:A
分析:该题考查的是idea后面的同位语从句的引导词的选择。
3. The
suggestion ____we have a group of these records
printed as soon as possible was
accepted by
the committee.
A. which B. in which C.
that D. whether
答案:C
分析:该题考查的是suggestion的同位语从句的引导词的选择。
4. He told me the news ____ the Queen
would visit China the next month.
A. that
B. which C. it D. whether
答案:A
分析:the Queen would visit China the next
month是一个完整的句子,是the news的解释,
故用that引导同位语从句。
5. The fact troubles me much ___ I have been
unable to pass the driving test up to now.
A.
which B. because C. why D. that
答案:D
分析:that引导同位语从句,解释the fact。
6.
The mother didn’t know to blame for the
broken glass as it happened while she was
out.(NMF, T 2002)
A. who B. when
C. how D. what
答案:A
分析:know后为宾语从句的省略形式,由题意可知,指人。
7. —I think
it’s going to be a big problem.
—Yes, it
could be.
—I wonder we can do about
it.(NMET 2002)
A. if B. how
C. what D. that
答案:C
分析:we can
do后无宾语,故用what引导宾语从句。
8. When you answer
questions in a job interview, please remember the
golden rule: Always give
the monkey exactly
he wants.(上海2002春)
A. what B. which
C. when D. that
答案:A
分析:give后接双宾语;what引导宾语从句且作wants的宾语。
9. Jack
said to meet the American friends.
A.
he is pleased B. what he was
pleased
C. that he was pleased D.
which he pleased
答案:C
分析:宾语从句中应用过去时,同said时态保持一致。He was
pleased意义和结构完整。
10. she couldn’t
understand was fewer and fewer students
showed interest
in her lessons.
A. What;
why B. That; what
C.
What; because D. Why; that
答案:A
分析:主语从句中缺少宾语,用what;表语从句的句意问原因,用why。
【模拟试题】(答题时间:60分钟)
一. 单项选择
1. He
often writes to us expressing his thought _____
one day he’ll come to join us.
A. which B.
that C. what D. whether
2. He
made a suggestion ____ the English test be put off
until next Wednesday.
A. which B. what
C. that D. whether
3. The news _____
the football team won the game made us happy.
A. that B. which C. in which
D. what
4. The mere fact ____ most people
believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean
that it
will not occur.
A. what B.
which C. that D. why
5. —Do you
really believe there is human race in outer space?
So far there is no proof ____ people from
other planets do exist.
A. which B. how
C. what D. that
6. —I drove to Zhuhai
for the air show last week.
—Is that
you has a few days off?
A. why B. when
C. what D. where
7. has helped
to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone
D. Whoever
8. caused the accident is
still a complete mystery.
A. What B.
That C. How D. Where
二.
完型填空:
As Christmas is coming, there are
presents to be bought, cards to be sent, and rooms
to be
cleaned. Parents are __1__ with
difficult jobs of hiding presents from curious
young children. If
the gifts are large, this
is sometimes a real __2__. On Christmas Eve, young
children find the
excitement almost
unbearable. They are torn between the wish to go
to bed early so that Father
Christmas will
bring their presents quickly and the wish __3__ up
late so that they will not __4__
the fun. The
wish for the gifts usually proves stronger. But
though children go to bed early, they
often
lie __5__ for a long time, hoping to get a short
__6__ at Father Christmas.
Last Christmas, my
wife and I __7__ hid a few large presents in the
storeroom. I __8__ the
moment when my son,
Jimmy, would __9__ me where that new bike had come
from, but __10__
he did not see it.
On
Christmas Eve, __11__ took the children hours to
go to sleep. It must have been nearly
__12__
when my wife and I went quietly into their room
and began __13__ stockings. Then I
pushed in
the __14__ I bought for Jimmy and left it beside
the Christmas tree. We knew we would
not get
much sleep that night, for the children were
__15__ to get up early. At about five o’clock
the next morning, we were __16__ by loud
sounds coming from the children’s room—they were
shouting excitedly! __17__ I had time to go
out of bed, young Jimmy came riding in the room on
his new bike, and his sister, Mary, followed
close behind pushing her new baby-carriage. __18__
the baby arrived. He moved __19__ the hands
and knees into the room dragging a large balloon
behind him. Suddenly it burst. That woke us up
__20__. The day had really begun with a bang!
1. A. faced B. met C. filled D.
pleased
2. A. question B. matter C.
problem D. business
3. A. get B. stay
C. stand D. wake
4. A. lose B. break
C. miss D. leave
5. A. awake B. wake
C. asleep D. sleep
6. A. look B. stare
C. glare D. watch
7. A. hopefully B.
busily C. gladly D. successfully
8. A.
liked B. feared C. surprised D. hated
9. A. answer B. tell C. ask D. search
10. A. sadly
11. A. it
12. A.
morning
13. A. filling
14. A. present
15. A. going
16. A. troubled
17. A.
Before
18. A. Even
19. A. with
20.
A. all
B. unluckily
B. they
B. midnight
B. sewing
B. stocking
B. sure
B. frightened
B. After
B. And
B. on
B. nearly
C. possibly
C. I
C. evening
C. mending
C. bike
C. glad
C.
woken
C. Until
C. Soon
C. over
C. happily
D. fortunately
D. we
D. daybreak
D. preparing
D. tree
D. excited
D. shocked
D. Since
D.
Then
D. by
D. completely
三. 阅读理解
Coketown was a town of red brick, or of brick
that would have been red if the smoke and
ashes had allowed it; but in fact it was a
town of unnatural red and black like the painted
face of
savage(野人). It was a town of machinery
and tall chimney, out of which smoke trailed
themselves for ever and ever. It had a black
canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill
smelling
color, and large piles of building
full of windows where there was a rattling and a
trembling all
day long, and where the steam-
engine worked up and down like the head of an
elephant in a state
of madness. The town
contained several large streets all very like one
another, and many small
streets still more
like one another, inhabited(居住)by people equally
like one another.
A sunny midsummer day. There
was such a thing sometimes even in Coketown. Seen
from a
distance in such a weather, Coketown
lay covered in a smoke of its own. You only knew
the town
was there, because you knew there
could have been no such a place upon the view
without a town.
The streets were hot and dusty
on the summer day, and the sun was so bright that
it even
shone through the smoke over Coketown,
and could not be looked at steadily. Workers
appeared
from low underground doorways into
factory yards, and sat on steps, wiping their face
sand
looking at coals. The whole town seemed
to be frying in oil. There was a smell of hot oil
everywhere. The atmosphere of those places was
like the breath of hell(地狱), and their
inhabitants wasting with heat, walked lazily
in the desert. But no temperature made the mad
elephants more mad or more sane(理智的). Their
tiresome heads went up and down at the sane
rate, in hot weather and in cold, wet weather
and dry. The measured movement of their shadows of
wood; while for the summer noise of insects,
it could offer all the year round, from the dawn
of
Monday to the night of Saturday.
1.
Which of the following words is NOT properly used
to describe Coketown ?
A. unpleasant B.
dirty C. noisy D. deserted
2. From the
passage we know that Coketown was mainly
a(n)_____town.
A. industrial B. agricultural
C. historical D. cultural
3. Only _____ were
not affected by weather.
A. the workmen B.
the habitants C. the steam-engine D. the woods
4. Which is the author’s opinion of Coketown?
A. Coketown should be replaced by woods
B.
The town had too much oil in it
C. The town
was seriously polluted
D. The town’s
atmosphere was unchanged
【试题答案】
一. 单项选择
1. B
that引导同位语从句作thought的同位语。
2. C
that引导同位语从句作suggestion的同位语。
3. A
that引导同位语从句作news的同位语。
4. C that引导同位语从句,解释the
fact。
5. D that引导同位语从句,解释no proof。
6.
A why引导的表语从句,表原因。
7. D whoever引导主语从句,意为“无论谁”
表示强调某人;who引导主语从句,意为
“谁”不强调人。The
one和Anyone不能引导主语从句。
8. A 主语从句中缺少主语,用what。
二. 完型填空:
1. A,be faced with:
面临藏礼物的难题。
2. C,problem: 指难以处理的事。
3. B,
4. C,根据句子意思:他们面临着二难选择:要么早睡以尽快得到圣诞老人的礼物,要么
熬
夜以致于不错过有趣的事。
5. A,由于愿望强烈而睡不着。awake 醒着,睡不着。
6. A,希望看一眼圣诞老人。 get a short look at :看一眼。
7. D,从下一句可以看出“去年圣诞节礼物藏得很成功。”
8. B,
9.
C,
10. D,我担心儿子会问自行车从哪来的,但幸运的是他没看到。
11.
A,除夕之夜,孩子们一般要花几个小时才能睡着。It took…..表示“花费”的句型。
12. B,
13. A,将近半夜,我们俩悄悄走进他们的房间往圣诞袜里装礼物。
14.
C,根据前面提到的内容,应该是“我把为Jimmy买的自行车推进来,放在圣诞树旁
边。
15. B,我知道那一宿我们不可能睡太久,因为孩子们肯定会起得很早。
16.
C,我们被巨大的响声吵醒。
17. A,我还没来得及下床,
18.
A,Mary紧随Jimmy后面推着婴儿车进来了,甚至连宝宝也来了。
19.
B,指宝宝用手脚爬进来。 on:用
20. D,我们被彻底弄醒了。
三.
阅读理解:
1. D 从全文对整个小镇的描述看;小镇让人感到不舒服,肮脏,充满了噪音。所以D
项
不符合对小镇的描述。deserted:荒废的。
2. A
整座小镇是一个工业城镇。从这样几处细节可以看出:第一段:It was a town of
machinery and tall chimney, out of which smoke
trailed themselves for ever and ever.;第二段:
Seen
from a distance in such a weather, Coketown lay
covered in a smoke of its own.;以及第三
段:Workers
appeared from low underground doorways into
factory yards, and sat on steps, wiping
their
face sand looking at coals。
3. C
根据第三段:But no temperature made the mad elephants
more mad or more sane(理智
的). Their tiresome
heads went up and down at the sane rate, in hot
weather and in cold, wet
weather and
dry.。在第一段曾把the steam-engine比喻为处于疯狂状态的大象。即:the
steam-engine worked up and down like the head
of an elephant in a state of madness.。
4. C
小镇的景色明显受着严重的工业污染。
扯淡什么意思-plam
NVRAM-式微翻译
special是什么意思-abs是什么意思
奈瑟-什么是定语
ifs是什么意思-疮痍的意思
芼-无为而治者
挡开头的成语-tenor
laden-bestial
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