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2012年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之名词性从句
（精校附解析）
【2012陕西卷】20. As many five courses are
provided, and you are free to choose
______
suits you best.
A whatever B. whichever C.
whenever D. wherever
A13[2012陕西卷]【答案与解析】B 考查名
词性从句。所填词引导的从句做动词choose的
宾语，引导词在从句中做主语，意思是：无论哪件，
选B。其余选项与句意不符。
【2012北京卷】24. Jerry did not
regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could
have expressed it differently.
A. why
B. how C. that
D. whether
24. C。从句考查，宾语从句不缺少成分用that引导。
【2012江西卷】25．It suddenly occurred to him
he had left his keys in the
office.
A．whether B．where C．which D．that
25答案：D
考点：考察名词性从句当中的主语从句。
解析：it作形式主语，真正的主语为that he
had left his keys in the
office。且that
在句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。
[2012湖南高考真题]26. Everyone in the village is
very friendly. It doesn't matter
____ you have
lived there for a short or a long time.
A.
why B. how C. whether D. when
[2012湖南高考真题
26]||C||本题是一形式主语句型，考查名词性从句引导的用法。根据空
后的or可知为whet
her … or短语。复合句 名词性从句 主语从句 形式主语 引导词
whether
【2012重庆卷】34. Evdence has been found through
years of study______ children’s
early sleeping problem likely to continue when
they grow up.
A. why B. how
C. whether D. that
34.【考点】名词性从句
【答案】D
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为句子主语“Evidence”的同位
语从句，在这一从
句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，应该使用“that”作为引导词。因此，正确答案为
D选项。
1.同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。如：
The
king’s decision that the prisoner would be set
free surprised all the
people.
国王作出的这名囚犯释放的决定让人们大吃一惊。
2.同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。如：
He got
the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put
off.
他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。
3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语
从句中
的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特
征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。如：
The news that he told me is that Tom would go
abroad next year.
他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的从
句是定语从句，that在从句
中作宾语）
The news that Tom
would go abroad is told by him.
汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
【试题延伸】(2011·天津)Modern science has given clear
evidence ____________smoking
can lead to many
diseases.
A. what B. which C. that D.
where）]
点拨. C。题意：抽烟会导致多种疾病，对此现代科学已经给出了明确的证据。本题
考查名
词性从句(同位语从句)。evidence后的从句说明的是其具体内容，从句中不缺少句子成
分，
故用that引导同位语从句。 其他三项引导同位语从句都要在从句中作成分。
【难度】一般
【2012安徽卷】 limits of a person’s
intelligence,generally speaking,
are fixed at
birth, but
he reaches these limits
will depend on his environment.
A. where
B. whether C. that D. why
首先把插入语generally speaking删掉，选择B.本题考查名词性从句，but
whether he
reaches these limits 【作为句子主语】will
depend on his environment.
【2012全国新课程】24. It
is by no means clear the president can do to
end
the strike.
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. what
【答案】D
【解析】此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作
真正的主语。What作do的宾语。
句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。
【考点定位】考查主语从句的连接词。
【2012山东卷】25. It doesn’t
matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in
this store.
A. how
C. what
25.【答案】B
【解析】此处it是形式主语，后面whether...or…引导的主
语从句是真正的主语，
whether...or…意为：是…还是…都行。句意：在这个商店中用现金
或信用卡支付都可以。
【考点定位】考查主语从句的连接词。
【2012福建卷】35.
We promise attends the party a chance to
have a photo taken
B. whether
D. why
with the movie star.
A. who B.
whom C. whoever D. whomever
【考点】本句考查连词的辨析
【答案】C
【解析】首先本句考查的关键短语是promise sb sth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参
加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会，不定式做chance的定语，然后就是参加聚会
的任何人whoever=anyone who，这样句子就很清晰了，所以划分句子成分非常关键，以前考察whoever都是做状语，而本题考查的是作promise的宾语，挺新颖的。
【难度】难度大