新疆泽普二中高三英语 名词性从句教案

名词性从句

一．概述
1． 概念
在复合句 中起__名词__作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语
从句。
I hope that you will pass the examination. （_宾语_从句）
The problem is what we should do next. （_表语_从句）
The fact that he had won the match surprised us. （__同位语_从句）
That she will come is certain. （_主语_从句）

2． 名词性从句的连接词
连接词
从属连词：that
whetherif
连接代词：who
whom
whose
which
what
连接副词：where
when
why
how
词义
没有词义
“是否”
“谁”
“谁”
“谁的”
“哪个，哪些”
“什么”
“哪里”
“什么时候”
“为什么”
“如何”
在从句中所作成分
不做成分
不做成分
主语
宾语
定语
主语，宾语，定语
主语，宾语，定语，表语
状语
3. 名词性从句中用陈述句语序
如：Do you know whom they are looking for?


二．各类名词性从句
She asked me where I had been.

（一）主语从句
在句子中充当主语的从句称为主语从句。
1． 由that引导的主语从句
1） that 引导主语从句时，that 没有意义，但不能省略。（that 引导宾语从句时可以省略。）
That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 众所周知，她是个富有的女人。
2） 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形 式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于
句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
＊ It +be + 形容词+that...
It is important that he should come on time. 他按时来是很重要的。
It wasn’t very clear what she meant 不清楚她是什么意思。
＊ It + n. (a pity a shame no wonder...) + that…
It is a pity that he failed to get full mark because of a mistake in calculation.可惜他
由于一个计算错误没有得满分。
＊ It + be + saidbelievedreportedhopedannouncedreportedknownest imated…+that…
It is generally believed that（一般认为）Indians were the first settlers in the Americas.
＊ It + seemhappenappearoccur to sbmatter+ that…
这幅画好像挂倒了。It appears that the picture has been hung upside down.
这本书恰好售完。It happened that the book had been sold out.

2. 由whether引导的主语从句
1) 用于it 作形式主语的结构中
It won’t make much difference whether you go there by bus or on foot.
你坐车还是步行去哪里没有什么影响。
还不清楚他们是否同意这项计划。It is not clear whether they agree to the plan.
2) whether 从句置于句首
Whether or not your handwriting is beautiful dose not matter, but whether your handwriting
is clear is quite important.
＊ 主语从句中不可用if来引导从句（if只用于宾语从句）。
3) 由wh-疑问词引导的主语从句

What you have done（你所做过的事情）might do harm to other people.
Whose fault this is（这是谁的过错）is not important.
=It is not important whose fault this is.
Where the English evening will be held（英语晚会在哪里举行）has not yet been announced.
=It has not yet been announced where the English evening will be held_.

（二）表语从句
表语从句是跟在系动词后面的名词性从句。常用的系动词有be, seem, look, become等.表语从句的
引导词除了连词 that, wh- 疑问词外，还有because, as if 和as though。
1． 由that, because, as if (as though)引导的表语从句
The fact is that she doesn’t like pop music. 事实是她不喜欢流行音乐。
All I can say is that I have nothing to do with it. 我能说的就是我与此事没有关系。
It looks as if it is going to rain again . 看上去似乎又要下雨了。
I feel uncomfortable now. That’s because I ate too much this morning. 那是因为早上吃得
太多了。
＊ 当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。
The reason __why__ he was late was _that_ he missed the train this morning.
他迟到的原因是他早上错过了火车。

2． 由wh-疑问词引导的表语从句
The question is whether the God really exists. 问题在于上帝是否真的存在。
That is what I want to say. 那就是我想说的。
The problem is who is to pay and when we can start.问题是谁来付帐，我们又何时开始。
What I want to know is where we shall go and whether she will join us. 我想知道的是我们
要去什么地方以及她是否加入我们。

（三）宾语从句
宾语从句作宾语一般是用于及物动词之后，有时也用于介词之后。在whether(if), what, who , when ,
where, why ,how引导的宾语从句中，必需使用陈述语句。

1． 由that引导的宾语从句，在口语中that常忽略。
James said (that) he was feeling better. 詹姆斯说他感到好些了。
I think (that) it’s going to rain tomorrow.
＊ 宾语从句中的否定意义须在主句谓语中如think, suppose等动词中表现出来。
I don’t think (that) he will come.
I don’t suppose that she is likely to come.
＊ 如果同时有两个that从句作宾语时，第二个that一般不省，以免引起误解。
He denied (that) he had entered the room and that he had stolen the money
= He denied (that) he had entered the room, and he denied (that) he had stolen the money.
＊ 介词后面的that从句中，that不可省略。



2． 由whetherif引导的宾语从句
whether和 if相同，但用法上有一些区别。1）if只能用于宾语从句，whether可用于各种名词性从
句 2）whether后面可跟or not而if不能 3）介词后面不能用if，可用whether。
He asked me __whether___ (whetherif) he should go there or not.
_Whether__ (whetherif) he will accept your offer is still unknown.
It depends on __whether__ (whetherif) he will support us.

3. 由wh- 疑问词引导的宾语从句
I don’t know who all those people are. 我不知道那些人是谁。
He asked whose handwriting was the best. 他问谁的书法最好。
She wants to know which film I like best. 她想知道我最喜欢哪一部电影。
I am not interested in what he is doing. 我对他做的事不感兴趣。
I don’t know why he didn’t come. 我不知道他为什么没来。

4. 带先行词it的宾语从句
先行词it是形式宾语，从句才是真正的宾语，其结构为：及物动词+it+ adj.n.+that从句
他英语流利，除了发音不太令人满意。
He speaks quite fluent English except that his pronunciation is not satisfactory.

We’ve made it a rule that we should practice speaking English every day. 我们定下规则每
天操练说英语。


乔治已明确表示他反对这个项目
_ George made it clear that he opposed this project._______
我想当然认为你会和我们呆在一起。
_ I took it for granted that you’d stay with us._____________ _

5. 形容词后的that 从句
that 引导的名词性从句还可以用在一些形容词后面。 这种句型一般都用人作主语，所用的形容词都
是表示思想状况或感情色彩的形容词，如certain, sure, positive, afraid, convinced, anxious,
disappointed, worried, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, aware, doubtful, confident等等。
I am surecertain that he’s at home now.我肯定他现在在家。
She is aware that I can’t help her. 她知道我帮不了她的忙。
I am afraid that I can’t promise you anything. 恐怕我不能向你保证什么。
I am a bit worried that she will not be able to make it. 我有点担心她做不成这件事情。

☆ 宾语从句中的注意点
1） 宾语从句中用陈述句语序，但“what was the matter”是习惯用法，不改成“what the matter was” .
Seeing the girl crying, I asked her what was the matter.
2) 在宾语从句中，当主句谓语 动词是一般过去时，从句中的谓语动词要相应改变，用于过去相关的时态。
但如果从句中表达的是真理或 客观规律则仍用一般现在时。



3) ___疑问词+do you thinkbelievesuppose…+宾语从句（陈述句语序）______


你认为他会说些什么？
A. Do you think what he will say?
She asked me what I ___would do__ (do) the next day.
The teacher told us that the Pacific Ocean _is__ (be) the largest ocean in the world.

B. What do you think that he will say?
C. What do you think he will say?
D. What do you think will he say?
4） 在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、
命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

（四）同位语从句
当名词性从句跟在某些名词之后作同位语，这种从句叫做同位语从句，用来 具体说明名词的内容。同
位语从句前的常用名词有: idea, news, hope, suggestion, decision, opinion, truth, fact,
possibility, reason, explanation等，这些名词之前大多有定冠词 the。
1. 由 that引导的同位语从句
我们必须面对我们已用完所有钱的事实。
We must face the fact that we have spent all our money.
你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong._
＊ 有时候，同位语从句较长而主句中的谓语较短，同位语从句与被它说明的名词词组可被谓语隔开。
A new idea came into his mind that he might try his luck in another place.
消息传来说，他们赢了比赛。Word came that they had won the game.

2． 由某些wh- 疑问词引导的同位语从句



3． 同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
在that同位语从句中，连词that在从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用，无词义。连词tha t在同
My question _why he did it_（他为什么这样做）has not been answered.
You would have no idea _how excited I was at the moment_（我当时有多激动）.
位语从句中不能 省略，而关系代词that在定语从句中作宾语时常可省略。被同位语从句说明的名词往往
是些非物质概 念的名词如fact, idea, hope ,news等；定语从句可以修饰任何名词。

比较：
The idea _that_ some peoples are superior to others is nonsense. __同位语_从句
The idea _(whichthat)_ he proposed at the meeting is nonsense. _定语_从句
No one is happy with the fact _(whichthat)_ he found out. __定语__从句
No one is happy with the fact _that_ he will become their boss. 同位语_从句

☆ wh- 引导的名词性从句
在名词性从句中，可以用whatever, whichever, whoever, however, wherever等引导词，带有“无
论…，任何…”的意思， 在从句中作主语、宾语、状语等成分。no matter wh- 不能用于名词性从句，只
能用于状语从句。




















Eat whichever one you like the leave the others for whoever comes late.
_Whoever__ (whoeverno matter who) wins the election will have many problems.
_WheneverNo matter when_ (wheneverno matter when) he goes to town, he visits his aunt.
_HoweverNo matter how_ (howeverno matter how) hard I tried, I couldn’t catch up with him.