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高考英语语法 (名词性从句)

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-22 04:43
tags:高中英语名词性从句

遗忘的反义词-处变不惊

2020年10月22日发(作者:胡征)


在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun
Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在
复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾
语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从
句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同
位语从句。
目录

一、引导名词性从句的连接词
分类比较
二. 主语从句
三、宾语从句
四、表语从句
五、同位语从句
六、名词性that-从句
七、名词性wh-从句
八、if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句2)选择性疑问从句
九、否定转移
十、高考热点透视
十一、专项考点练习一、引导名词性从句的连接词
分类比较


二. 主语从句
三、宾语从句
四、表语从句
五、同位语从句
六、名词性that-从句
七、名词性wh-从句
八、if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes- no型疑问从句2)选择性疑问从句
九、否定转移
十、高考热点透视
十一、专项考点练习
展开 编辑本段一、引导名词性从句的连接词
分类
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 连
词(5个):that(宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可
以省略) whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句
内容的不确定性) as if ,as though(均表示“好
像”,“似乎”) 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whomever, whose, which, whichever 连接副词(7
个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever,
however 不可省略的连词: 1. 介词后的连


词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省
略。 That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较
whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情
况下,只可用whether: 1. whether引导主语从
句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从
句作介词宾语 4. 从句后有not 5. 引
导同位语从句 Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it
充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.编
辑本段二. 主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由
从属连词that,wheth er,if和连接代词what,who,
which,whatever,whoever以及连接副 词how,when,
where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连
接作用; 连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑
问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
例如: What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要
跟我们说什么,还不清楚。 Who will win the
match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而


知。 It is known to us how he became a writer.
我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where
the English evening will be held has not yet been
announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻 ,常用形式主语it代替主语
从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。
主语从句后的 谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如
下: (1) It + be + 名词 + that从句 (2)
It + be + 形容词 + that从句 (3)It + be + 动词
的过去分词 + that从句 (4)It + 不及物动词 +
that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、
不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时, 谓语动词要用虚
拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有: It is
necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.)
that… 编辑本段三、宾语从句
名词从句用作 宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语
从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大
致一样,在 句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词
的宾语。 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任
何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中 常被省去,但如从


句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 We must never
think (that) we are good in everything while others
are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,
别人什么都不好。 注意:在demand、order、
suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command,
doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等 意义的动词
后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如:
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要
她自己工作。 The commander ordered that
troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上
出发。 2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what,
when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever,
whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问
句,应注意 句子语序要用陈述语序。例如: I want
to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你
什么。 She always thinks of how she can work
well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 She will
give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮
助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。 3. 用whether
或if引导的宾语从 句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠


倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if 在作“是
否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,
不用if: a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导
表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后
有“or not”时;e. 后接动词不定式时。例如:
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting
question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
Everything depends on whether we have enough
money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 I
wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还
是不来。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?
你能否告诉我是去还是留? 4. 注意宾语从句中
的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的
句子情况,而使用 不同时态。例如: I know
(that) he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在
时) I know (that) he studied English last term.
(从句用一般过去时) I know (that) he will
study English next year. (从句用一般将来时) I
know (that) he has studied English since 1998. (从句
用现在完成时) 当主句动词是过去时态(could,
would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是


客观真理,科学原理,自然现象 ,则从句仍用现在时
态。例如: The teacher told us that Tom had left
us for America. 5. think, believe, imagine,
suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上
述主句中的动词 变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式
移到主句中。例如: We don’t think you are here.
我们认为你不在这。 I don’t believe he will do so.
我相信他不会这样做。编辑本段四、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语 从句。引导表语从句
的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从
句位于连系动词后,有 时用as if引导。其基本结构为:
主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如: The fact is
that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场
比赛。 That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要
的。 This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们
的问题所在。 That is why he didn’t come to the
meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。 It
looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,当主语是 reason时,表语从句要用that
引导而不是because。例如: The reason why he
was late was that he missed the train by one minute
this morning . 【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,


但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从 句。编辑本
段五、同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位
语 从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有
advice、demand、doubt、fa ct、hope、idea、information、
message、news、order、pr oblem、promise、question、
request、suggestion、trut h、wish、word等。例如:
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢
得这场比赛的消息令人激动。 I have no idea
when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候
回来。 The thought came to him that Mary had
probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。 同
位语从句和定语从句的区别: that作为关系代
词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作
宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,起连词的
作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省
略。 试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea
that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life
in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可
以省略)编辑本段六、名词性that-从句
(1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-


从句。Tha t只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不
担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that- 从句在
句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾
语,例如: 主语:That she is still alive is her luck.
她还活着全靠运气。 宾语:John said that he was
leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三
要到伦敦去。 表语:The fact is that he has not
been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently
disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见
过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 形容
词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。 2)That- 从句作主
语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to
failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。 It's a
pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是
件憾事。 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四
种不同的搭配关系: a. It + be +形容词+ that-从
句 It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is
important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious
that… 很明显…… b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-


从句 It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 众所周知…… It has
been decided that… 已决定…… c. It + be +名
词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge
that… ……是常识 It is a surprise that… 令
人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-从句 It appears that…
似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧…… It
occurred to me that… 我突然想起……编辑本段七、
名词性wh-从句
1)由wh- 词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。
Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what,
whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where,
when, how, why等连接副词。Wh- 从句的语法功能除
了和that- 从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语
和间接宾语等,例如: 主语: How the book will
sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本
人。 直接宾语:In one's own home one can do
what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。 间
接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。 表语: My question is
who will take over president of the Foundation. 我


的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。 宾语补
足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高
兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。 同位语: I
have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他
什么时候回来。 形容词宾语:I'm not sure why
she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么
拒绝他们的邀请。 介词宾语: That depends on
where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而
将wh-从句置于句末,例如: It is not yet decided
who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get
married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。编辑本段八、if,
whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑
问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为
ye s-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和
wh-从句的功能相同, 例如: 主语:Whether the
plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否
可行还有待证实。 宾语:Let us know whether if
you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知


道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。 表语:
The point is whether we should lend him the money.
问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。 同位语:They
are investigating the question whether the man is
trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。 形容
词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to
come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。 介词宾语: I
worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of
his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词ifwhether…or或
whether…or not构成,例如: Please tell me
whether if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他
们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。 I don't care whether
you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
if和whether的区别: 1、 在动词不定式之前只
能用whether 。如: 例8 I can’t decide whether
to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 2、 在
whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如: 例9 I
want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知
道是否是好消息。 3 、在介词后,只能用
whether。如: 例10 His father is worried about


whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去
工作。 4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能
用whether 。如: Whether this is true or not, I
really don’t know. 这是否真的,我真的不知道。
(例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is
still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是
个问题。--此例为主语从句,有误,感谢指出)
5、用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如: 例
12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
这句话有两种意思:“你 能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”
或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用
whether 可避免歧义.编辑本段九、否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy,
imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移 到主句
中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词
用肯定式。 I don't think I know you. 我想我并
不认识你。 I don' t believe he will come. 我相
信他不回来。 注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从
句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you weren't ill.
我想你没有生病吧。 2) 将seem, appear 等后的
从句的否定转移到前面。 It doesn't seem that
they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。


It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day
tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为
对谓语动词的否定。 I don't remember having
ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一
个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…) It's not a
place where anyone would expect to see strange
characters on the street. 在这里,人们不会想到
在街上会碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主语,从句
中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。) 4) 有时状语或
状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。 The
ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语)
蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。 He was not ready to
believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定
because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就
轻信此事。 She had not been married many
weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and
was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks)
她结婚还不到几个星期,这个人 的弟弟就看见她了,
并对她的美貌着了迷。编辑本段十、高考热点透视
1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as
an international language. (NMET 1995) A.


There B. This C. That D. It 答案D。当名词从句
在句中作主语时,为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形
式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语从句放 在句尾。此
时it只起先行引导作用,本身无实义。此句也可以改
写为:That English is being accepted as an
international language is a fact. 2.A computer
can only do ____ you have instructed it to
do.(NMET2001) A.how B.after C.what
D.when 答案C。从句子结构可知,句子的空 白
处应该填引导宾语从句的连词,做主句谓语动词do
的宾语,同时该连接词还是从句中的do 的宾语,因
此,此处的连接词应该用what。 3. He asked ____
for a violin.(MET1992) A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D.
how much I paid 答案:D。宾语从句相当于特殊
疑问句,句子语序要用陈述语序。 4. What the
doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover
from the serious disease soon.(上海2001年春季招
生) A. when B. how C. whether D. why 答
案C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt一词可知,所
怀疑的应是是 否能治好病,所以要填whether。这句
话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病


中恢复过来。” 5.It is generally considered
unwise to give a child _____he or she wants.
(NMET1997) A. however B. whatever C.
whichever D. whenever 答案B。根据句意“一般
认为孩子要什么 就给什么是不好的。”可以看出后面
的从句应是一个宾语从句,而从句中wants缺少宾语,
A. however 和D. whenever是不能作宾语的;排除A
和D,whichever 表示“无论哪一个,无论哪些”,应
表示一定范围内的人或物,此处没有涉及事物的范
围,所以 应选 B.whatever,表示“无论什么”。 6.
______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
(MET1988) A. Anyone B. The person C.
Whoever D. Who 答案C。本题句子的意思是:
无论谁最后离开房间一定要 把灯关掉。本题考查连接
代词whoever引导的名词性从句,连接代词whoever
可以 引导名词性从句,并在从句中作主语,相当于any
person who或The person who, 意为“一切……的
人”。而anyone和the person均非连词,不能引导从
句,况who leaves the room last意为“某个最后离开
房间的人”,与题意不符,如果要选A. Anyone或B.
The person,都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句
的关系代词who。如果要选D. Who就体现不出“无


论谁”的含义了。 7. Sarah hopes to become a
friend of ______shares her interests. (Shanghai1995)
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
答案为C。本题句子的意思是:Sarah 希望跟自己有
共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从
句与no matter +疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既
可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者
只能 引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D,从句中需
要的是主语,所以whomever也不行。 8. ---- I
drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. ----
Is that ______ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)
A. why B. what C. when D. where 答案A。根据
语境,甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来
询问甲这是 否是请几天假的原因,故答案是A。答案
B,C, D均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境,下
句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?”
9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet
village. ( NMET1993) A. when B. how C. where
D. what 答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是
状语,排除D.what,而答案C, D均与题意不符,
所以应选A.when。used to be表示一种过去存在的
状态,本 句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是


个宁静的地方。” 10.I read about it in some book
or other,does it matter ____ it was?(2001春季招生)
A.where B.what C.how D.which 答案D。
这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的
意思分析, 应是哪本书,所以要填which,这句话的
意思是“我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容,是
哪一本书重要吗?”。 11. Information has been
put forward ____ more middle school graduates will
be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C
when D. as (2001年上海) 答案B。该题考查that
引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导,接
在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt,
message名词后,用来解释或说明名词的内容。
12. —I think it is going to be a big problem. —
Yes, it could be. —I wonder ______ we can do
about it. (北京 2002春季) A、if B、how C、what
D、that 答案C。本题考察名 词性从句的连接词
的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句,而从句中的谓语
动词do是及物动 词,可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的
成分,我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that,
再 排除引导方式状语的how,答案是C,句子的意思
是“我们能就此做些什么”。编辑本段十一、专项考


点练习
1. ________that they found an unusual plant in
the forest. A. It is said B. They are said C. It said
D. It says 答案A:句型It is said that+主语从句。
类似的还有It is believed that……etc 2. _____
caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A.
What B. That C. How D. Where 答案A:观察此
从句中缺少主语,而能在主语从句中即充当主语成分
又引导的就只有what了 3. It worried Mary a lot
_____ she would pass the college entrance
examination. A. whether B. if C. that D. how
4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn’t like
_____ it used to be . A .what B. how C. that D.
which 5. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob will
win the first prize in the match. A. There, that B.
It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether 6. Little
Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he
had done the day before. A .that B. how C .what
D. where 7. The old man smiled when he saw
how pretty _____ up to be during the past few years.
A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter
grow C. his daughter would grow D. his


daughter had grown 8. Have you seen Mary
lately? My boss wants to know _______. A. how
she is getting along B. how is she getting along C.
what she is getting along D. what is she getting along
9. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl
of seven could play the violin so well. A. That;
what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what
10. These wild flowers are so special I would do
______ I can to save them. A. whatever B. which
C. that D. whichever 11. _____ helped to save
the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B.
Anyone C. Whoever D. The person 12. Eat
_____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes
in late. A. any; who B. every; whoever C.
whichever; whoever D. either; whoever 13. ____
she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer
students showed interest in her lessons. A. What;
why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that
14. It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me. A.
What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what
15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the
front. A. should send B. must be sent C. should


be sent D. must go 16. The true value of life is
not in ______, but _______. A. which we get;
what give we B. what we get; what we give C.
which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that
we give 17. We are all for your proposal that the
discussion _______. A. be put off B. was put off
C. should put off D. is to be put off 18. Go and
get your coat.It's ____ you left it. A. where B.
there C. here where D. where there 19. Sarah
hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her
interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D.
no matter who 20. You can’t imagine ______
when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
Keys: 1---5 A A A A A 6---10 C D A B A 11 ----15
C C A A C 16---20 B A A C B

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